Deck 9: Analgesia

Question 1

Which of the following statements reflects the definition of physiologic pain in animals?

A)Damage to the nervous system
B)Response from inflammation
C)Response from tissue injury
D)The body's protective mechanism to avoid tissue injury

Answer 1

The body's protective mechanism to avoid tissue injury

Question 2

When considering common pain management techniques, what is the purpose of preemptive analgesia?

A)To initiate treatment before the nociceptive response is triggered
B)To initiate treatment at the point of nociceptive response
C)To initiate treatment after nociceptive response has occurred
D)To prevent nociceptive response from occurring

Answer 2

To initiate treatment before the nociceptive response is triggered

Question 3

Which of the following choices best represents the strategy of multimodal analgesia?

A)Using a single analgesic agent to achieve a pain free state
B)Combining two or more analgesic drugs to achieve a synergistic affect
C)Increasing the dosage of a single analgesic agent to achieve an initial drug "load"
D)Decreasing the dosage of an analgesic agent and administering it more frequently

Answer 3

Combining two or more analgesic drugs to achieve a synergistic affect

Question 4

Which of the following statements is correct regarding chronic pain in animals?

A)It significantly impairs the animal's quality of life
B)It serves a useful purpose by alerting the body to serious injury
C)It is adaptive
D)All of the Above

Question 5

When considering analgesic agents, which of the following statements demonstrates the effects of opioids upon a patient's body?

A)Agonists (bind and stimulate receptors)
B)Antagonists (bind and block or inhibit activity)
C)Partial agonists (bind and stimulate, but with less than full activity)
D)All of the above

Question 6

A patient with dyspnea is .

A)Panting heavily
B)Breathing normally
C)Lame
D)Having difficulty breathing

Question 7

The definition of tachycardia is:

A)Elevated heart rate
B)Decreased heart rate
C)A new slang term to describe a tacky sweater
D)Normal heart rate

Question 8

What is the purpose of premedicating a patient prior to induction?

A)It decreases the amount of induction agent needed.
B)It's something to do while you wait for the doctor.
C)You have extra drugs that are about to expire.
D)None of the above.

Question 9

Which injectable drug is a ?2-agonist, is used commonly in large animal medicine, increases urine production, and has an excitatory side effect in startled patients?

A)Xylazine
B)Ketamine
C)Valium
D)Propofol

Question 10

Which drug would be an example of a µ-agonist used for moderate to severe pain?

A)Buprenorphine
B)Butorphanol
C)Ketamine
D)Fentanyl

Question 11

Which induction agent is best when combined with a benzodiazepine and causes almost no ill effect on the cardiovascular system?

A)Propofol
B)Xylazine
C)Ketamine
D)Etomidate

Question 12

Which behavior change(s), following a surgical procedure, may indicate pain?

A)Vocalization
B)Gait and/or locomotor changes
C)Facial expressions
D)Attitude
E)All of the above

Question 13

If a ten-year-old dog has a history of liver impairment, which of the following choices represent a viable option for pain control therapy?

A)Rimadyl (carprofen)
B)Previcox (firocoxib)
C)Metacam (meloxicam)
D)Adequan (polysulfated glycosaminoglycan)

Question 14

Which of the following drugs represent a combination of a phenothiazine tranquilizer and an opioid?

A)Valium and Ketamine
B)Acepromazine and Butorphanol
C)Diazepam and Oxymorphone
D)Thiopental and xylazine

Question 15

In the immediate post-operative period, how often should the technician observe the patient to assess for pain?

A)As needed
B)Every 4-6 hours
C)Every 2 hours
D)Every 30 minutes

Question 16

Which of the following is not a response to pain in animals?

A)Increased cortisol levels
B)Immune system suppression
C)Reduced sympathetic nervous system activity
D)Increased heart rate

Question 17

What is allodynia?

A)Phase one of the wind-up phenomenon
B)When normally harmless sensations are interpreted as pain
C)When progressively less stimulus is required to initiate the pain response
D)Inhibition of peripheral nociceptors

Question 18

Which of the following is not a benefit of preemptive analgesia?

A)Reduces post-procedure analgesia requirements
B)Improves patient handling
C)Prevents hypersensitization of the spinal cord
D)Attacks pain from many angles

Question 19

Research has shown that pretreatment with what type of analgesic has reduced intraoperative and postoperative pain during soft tissue and orthopedic procedures?

A)NSAIDs
B)Opioids
C)Local anesthetics
D)Agonists

Question 20

What route of analgesia is used for procedures such as digit amputation, arterial catheter placement, and bone marrow sampling?

A)Topical
B)Local infiltration
C)Circumferential ring block
D)Epidural nerve block

Question 21

Analgesia via the _________ is thought to function by blocking the intercostal nerves.

A)Dental nerve block
B)Transdermal
C)Pleural space
D)Intravenous

Question 22

What is the significance of the sigma receptors in opioid analgesic use?

A)They cause adverse effects such as restlessness and anxiety
B)They block other receptor sites
C)They are responsible for analgesia and sedation
D)They are responsible for respiratory depression

Question 23

What is a synthetic drug that has opioid characteristics and analgesic effects, is used for moderate levels of pain, and is often used synergistically with NSAIDs?

A)Naloxone hydrochloride
B)Butorphanol tartrate
C)Fentanyl citrate
D)Tramadol

Question 24

What type of nonpharmacologic treatment allows the patient to perform exercises or movement that would not normally be possible due to bearing less weight on affected or painful joints?

A)Massage
B)Thermotherapy
C)Aquatic therapy
D)Electrical stimulation

Question 25

Which of the following adjunctive agents is used to assist an analgesic by altering the patient's response to pain and reducing fear and anxiety?

A)Tranquilizers
B)Anticonvulsants
C)Corticosteroids
D)Tricyclic antidepressants

Question 26

What is the most potent class of analgesic drugs used in animals?

A)NSAIDs
B)Opioids
C)Agonists
D)Antispasmodics

Question 27

Which of the following is not one of the phases of pain?

A)Transduction
B)Transmission
C)Modulation
D)Maturation

Question 28

In what way do tricyclic antidepressants interrupt the pain response?

A)Inhibit transduction
B)Inhibit transmission
C)Inhibit modulation
D)Inhibit perception

Question 29

What differentiates pain from nociception?

A)Intensity
B)Location
C)Drug activity
D)Consciousness

Question 30

Which of the following is not a pain response seen in cats?

A)Hiding
B)Failure to groom
C)Purring
D)Stretching

Question 31

Technician Marcus is attending a dachshund that presents with unwillingness to move, and the dog yelps every time Marcus tries to touch him. Marcus suspects:

A)Abdominal pain with guarding
B)Back pain with wind-up phenomenon
C)Back pain with lameness
D)Aggression

Question 32

What type of analgesia is used for a feline declaw that provides a residual effect of 8 hours post-surgery?

A)Circumferential ring block
B)Epidural nerve block
C)Local infiltration
D)Intravenous

Question 33

What class of analgesic is the drug fentanyl citrate?

A)Partial mu agonist
B)Pure opioid agonist
C)Pure opioid antagonist
D)Mixed agonist/antagonist

Question 34

When providing client education to a client regarding a cat with a transdermal fentanyl patch, what is the best advice for handling the cat?

A)Don't bathe the cat while the patch is in place
B)Avoid touching the patch
C)Let the cat rest quietly
D)Treat the cat normally