Question 1

A young patient with sudden painless loss of vision, with systolic murmur and ocular examination reveals a cherry red spot with clear AC, the likely diagnosis is:&#10;A)Central Retinal Artery Occlusion&#10;B)Central Retinal Vein Occlusion&#10;C)Diabetes Mellitus&#10;D)Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

Accepted Answer

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO) is characterized by sudden, painless vision loss and can present with a cherry red spot on the retina during ocular examination. The presence of a systolic murmur may indicate an embolic source, which is a common cause of CRAO.

Question 2

Amaurotic cat's eye reflex is seen in:&#10;A)Papilloedema&#10;B)Retinoblastoma&#10;C)Papillitis&#10;D)Retinitis

Accepted Answer

Amaurotic cat's eye reflex is a classic sign of retinoblastoma, which is a malignant tumor of the retina. This reflex is characterized by a white or yellowish-white reflection from the fundus of the eye, similar to a cat's eye in the dark, due to the tumor reflecting light.

Question 3

Commonest lesion which hinders vision in diabetic retinopathy is:&#10;A)Macular oedema&#10;B)Microaneurysm&#10;C)Retinal hemorrhage&#10;D)Retinal detachment

Accepted Answer

Macular edema is the most common cause of vision loss in diabetic retinopathy. It occurs when fluid and protein deposits collect on or under the macula of the eye (a part of the retina), causing it to thicken and swell (edema). This swelling can distort a person's central vision, as the macula is responsible for sharp, straight-ahead vision.

Question 4

Commotio retinae is seen in:&#10;A)Concussion injury&#10;B)Papilloedema&#10;C)Central retinal vein thrombosis&#10;D)Central retinal artery thrombosis

Accepted Answer

Commotio retinae, also known as Berlin's edema, is typically seen following a concussion injury to the eye. It is a form of retinal injury that results from blunt trauma, where the impact causes a transient whitening of the retina due to disruption of the photoreceptor layer. The other options listed are not directly associated with commotio retinae.

Question 5

Night blindness is caused by:&#10;A)Central retinal vein occlusion&#10;B)Dystrophies of retinal rods&#10;C)Dystrophies of the retinal cones&#10;D)Retinal detachment

Accepted Answer

Night blindness, or nyctalopia, is primarily caused by disorders affecting the rod cells in the retina, which are responsible for vision in low light conditions. Dystrophies of the retinal rods directly impair this function, leading to difficulty seeing in the dark.

Question 6

In Central retinal artery occlusion, a cherry red spot is due to:&#10;A)Hemorrhage at macula&#10;B)Increased choroidal perfusion&#10;C)Increase in retinal perfusion at macula&#10;D)The contrast between pale retina and reddish choroids

Accepted Answer

The cherry red spot in central retinal artery occlusion is due to the contrast between the pale, ischemic retina and the normal reddish color of the underlying choroids at the macula, where the retinal layers are thinner.

Question 7

The most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults is:&#10;A)Retinoblastoma&#10;B)Choroidal melanoma&#10;C)Squamous cell carcinoma of conjunctiva&#10;D)Iris nevus

Accepted Answer

Choroidal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, whereas retinoblastoma is more common in children. Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva and iris nevus are less common intraocular malignancies.

Question 8

A patient of old standing diabetes mellitus noticed sudden muscae volitanes. On examination, the red reflex was dim, with no details of fundus could be seen. He might have:&#10;A)Non proliferative diabetic retinopathy&#10;B)Cystoid macular edema&#10;C)Vitreous hemorrhage&#10;D)Central retinal vein occlusion

Accepted Answer

The sudden appearance of muscae volitantes (floaters) and a dim red reflex with no visible fundus details suggest a vitreous hemorrhage. This condition can occur in patients with long-standing diabetes mellitus due to the fragile new blood vessels that form in proliferative diabetic retinopathy, which can bleed into the vitreous humor.

Question 9

Occlusion of the lower nasal branch of the central retinal artery results in one of the following field defects:&#10;A)Lower nasal sector field defect&#10;B)Upper nasal sector field defect&#10;C)Upper temporal field defect&#10;D)Lower temporal sector field defect

Accepted Answer

The lower nasal branch of the central retinal artery supplies the upper temporal retina, so its occlusion results in an upper temporal field defect.

Question 10

Primary optic atrophy results from:&#10;A)Retinal disease&#10;B)Chronic glaucoma&#10;C)Papilledema&#10;D)Neurological disease

Accepted Answer

Primary optic atrophy is typically caused by damage to the optic nerve due to neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis or a direct injury to the optic nerve.

Question 11

Retro-bulbar optic neuritis is characterized by:&#10;A)Marked swelling of the optic disc.&#10;B)Impaired direct light reflex in the affected eye&#10;C)Impaired consensual light reflex in the affected eye&#10;D)Normal visual acuity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Retro-bulbar optic neuritis is characterized by:&#10;A)Marked swelling...

Question 12

The type of optic atrophy that follows retro-bulbar neuritis is:&#10;A)Secondary optic atrophy&#10;B)Consecutive optic atrophy&#10;C)Glaucomatous optic atrophy&#10;D)Primary optic atrophy

Accepted Answer

The answer of The type of optic atrophy that follows...

Question 13

A male patient 30 years old with visual acuity of 6/6 in both eyes. Twelve hours ago he presented with drop of vision of the left eye. On examination, visual acuity was 6/6 in the right eye and 6/60 in the left eye. Fundus examination showed blurred edges of the left optic disc. The most probable diagnosis is:

A)Raised intra cranial pressure
B)Raised ocular tension
C)Central retinal artery occlusion
D)Optic neuritis

Accepted Answer

The answer of A male patient 30 years old with...

Question 14

All are seen in 3rd nerve palsy except:&#10;A)Ptosis&#10;B)Diplopia&#10;C)Miosis&#10;D)Outwards eye deviation

Accepted Answer

The answer of All are seen in 3rd nerve palsy...

Question 15

Homonymous hemianopia is due to lesion at:&#10;A)Optic tract&#10;B)Optic nerve&#10;C)Optic chiasma&#10;D)Retina

Accepted Answer

The answer of Homonymous hemianopia is due to lesion at:&#10;A)Optic...

Question 16

Which is not found in papilloedema?&#10;A)Blurred vision&#10;B)Blurred margins of disc&#10;C)Cupping of disc&#10;D)Retinal edema

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is not found in papilloedema?&#10;A)Blurred vision&#10;B)Blurred...

Question 17

Optic disc diameter is:&#10;A)1 mm&#10;B)1.5 mm&#10;C)2 mm&#10;D)3 mm

Accepted Answer

The answer of Optic disc diameter is:&#10;A)1 mm&#10;B)1.5 mm&#10;C)2 mm&#10;D)3...

Question 18

Optic nerve function is best studied by:&#10;A)Direct Ophthalmoscope&#10;B)Retinoscope&#10;C)Perimetry&#10;D)Gonioscopy

Accepted Answer

The answer of Optic nerve function is best studied by:&#10;A)Direct...

Question 19

Optic nerve axon emerges from:&#10;A)Ganglion cells&#10;B)Rods and cones&#10;C)Amacrine cells&#10;D)Inner nuclear layer

Accepted Answer

The answer of Optic nerve axon emerges from:&#10;A)Ganglion cells&#10;B)Rods and...

Question 20

Papilloedema has all the following characteristics except:&#10;A)Marked loss of vision&#10;B)Blurring of disc margins&#10;C)Hyperemia of disc&#10;D)Field defect

Accepted Answer

The answer of Papilloedema has all the following characteristics except:&#10;A)Marked...

Question 21

Homonymous hemianopia is the result of a lesion in:&#10;A)Optic chiasma&#10;B)Retina&#10;C)optic tract&#10;D)Optic nerve

Accepted Answer

The answer of Homonymous hemianopia is the result of a...

Question 22

Mydriasis is present in all the following except:&#10;A)Third nerve lesion&#10;B)Pontine haemorrhage&#10;C)Datura poisoning&#10;D)Fourth stage of anesthesia

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mydriasis is present in all the following...

Question 23

D-shaped pupil occurs in:&#10;A)Iridocyclitis&#10;B)Iridodenesis&#10;C)Cyclodialsis&#10;D)Iridodialysis

Accepted Answer

The answer of D-shaped pupil occurs in:&#10;A)Iridocyclitis&#10;B)Iridodenesis&#10;C)Cyclodialsis&#10;D)Iridodialysis...

Question 24

In complete third nerve paralysis the direction of the affected eye in the primary position is:&#10;A)Inward&#10;B)Outward&#10;C)Outward and up&#10;D)Outward and down

Accepted Answer

The answer of In complete third nerve paralysis the direction...

Question 25

All the following are extraocular muscle of eye except:&#10;A)Superior rectus&#10;B)Ciliary muscle&#10;C)Inferior oblique&#10;D)Superior oblique

Accepted Answer

The answer of All the following are extraocular muscle of...

Deck 4: Ophthalmology and Optic Nerve Disorders