Deck 5: Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

While many people refer to the female's external sex organs as the "vagina", what is the more accurate term?

A) Mons pubis
B) Vulva
C) Perineum
D) Labia majora

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is the area of tissue between the vagina and the anus called?

A) Vulva
B) Hymen
C) Perineum
D) Rectum

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the cervix?

A) Allow menstrual fluid out of the uterus
B) Allow sperm to enter the uterus
C) Allow babies to pass out of the uterus
D) All of these

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Where does fertilization normally occur?

A) Uterus
B) Ampulla
C) Ovary
D) Vagina

Question 5

Which statement regarding the uterus is FALSE?

A) It provides a path for sperm to reach the ovum.
B) It undergoes a cycle of changes each month that leads to menstruation.
C) It increases in size and weight during pregnancy.
D) It is a thin-walled organ that engorges with blood during sexual arousal.

Question 6

What is one factor that makes women more susceptible than men to urinary tract infections?

A) A shorter urethra
B) Location of the urethra and introitus
C) Earlier onset of puberty
D) Hormones produced during the menstrual cycle

Question 7

In parts of the world where surgical removal of the clitoris is practiced, what is the common reason(s) given for the procedure?

A) Protection from HIV/AIDS
B) Culture and tradition
C) Protection of future fertility
D) Disease prevention

Question 8

What best describes the process through which the vagina is lubricated during sexual arousal?

A) Sweating of the vaginal walls
B) Expansion of the cervix
C) Release of fluid by the Grafenberg spot
D) Release of mucus from the ovaries

Question 9

What best describes the labia majora?

A) The collective term for the female external genitalia
B) Two small glands that secrete oils for lubrication
C) Two folds of fatty tissue that extend from the mons veneris to the perineum
D) Homologous structures to the male penis

Question 10

What is the primary function of the fimbriae?

A) Direct the ova from the ovaries to the fallopian tubes.
B) Direct the release of hormones
C) Provide lubrication during sexual stimulation
D) Implant the fertilized egg into the uterus

Question 11

If a woman has pain and swelling in the labial and vaginal areas due to an infected cyst, we could infer that the infection most likely came from:

A) The cervix
B) The urethral opening
C) The hymen
D) The Bartholin's glands

Question 12

What is the name for the structure of the female anatomy that is homologous to the penis and has the sole purpose of providing sexual pleasure?

A) Vagina
B) Vulva
C) Clitoris
D) G-spot

Question 13

What female external sex organ sits inside the labia majora and joins together to form the prepuce?

A) Clitoris
B) Perineum
C) Vulva
D) Labia minora

Question 14

If a woman has a hymen that is not intact, what can we safely assume?

A) She is not a virgin.
B) She has used tampons.
C) She has engaged in vigorous exercise that has ruptured the hymen.
D) None of these

Question 15

Which of the following does NOT characterize the vagina?

A) Primary female organ involved in sexual arousal
B) Passageway for sperm
C) Canal through which menstrual fluid flows
D) The birth canal

Question 16

What layer of the uterus is partially shed during menstruation?

A) Perimetrium
B) Myometrium
C) Endometrium
D) Perineum

Question 17

What layer of the uterus contracts to expel menstrual fluid and push the fetus out of the womb during labor?

A) Perimetrium
B) Myometrium
C) Endometrium
D) Perineum

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a part of the vulva?

A) Mons veneris
B) Clitoris
C) Labia majora
D) Cervix

Question 19

What is the primary function of the mons veneris?

A) To release hormones in a cyclical pattern
B) To aid in the maturation of the ova
C) To protect the genitals during intercourse
D) To facilitate conception

Question 20

What is another name for the introitus?

A) Membrane lining of the uterus
B) Cervix
C) Vaginal opening
D) Urethral opening

Question 21

All of the following are true about breast self-examinations EXCEPT:

A) If a lump is detected, women should not panic because 80-90% of all lumps are noncancerous.
B) Women with breast implants are encouraged to perform breast self-exams.
C) A breast self-exam should be done at the same time each month preferably about 1 week after menstruation.
D) If one breast is slightly larger than the other, this should be reported to a doctor immediately.

Question 22

What is a specific risk factor that can contribute to PMDD?

A) History of major depression
B) Sexual abuse
C) Cigarette smoking
D) All of these

Question 23

What factor is often related to the onset of puberty for females?

A) Age at first intercourse
B) Height
C) Weight
D) All of these

Question 24

While there are no overall ethnic differences in the prevalence of premenstrual symptoms (PMS), research has found ethnic differences related to the following:

A) The length of time symptoms are experienced
B) The age at which the individual began having PMS
C) The types of symptoms experienced
D) The treatments used for individuals experiencing PMS

Question 25

Which of the following statements regarding female breasts is FALSE?

A) Culture impacts the size of breasts that women prefer.
B) Breasts are modified sweat glands that produce milk.
C) Some women experience orgasm from breast stimulation alone.
D) The areola is the part of the breast that cannot be seen from the outside.

Question 26

What statement best describes findings related to the treatment of PMS and PMDD?

A) The majority of women respond well to treatment.
B) There doesn't seem to be any treatment that can provide significant relief.
C) Most treatments have so many side effects that women do not want to use them.
D) Asian women respond better to treatment than Black or White women.

Question 27

What does the term mittelschmerz refer to?

A) Slight pain or sensation felt by some women during ovulation
B) A German celebration that occurs upon a female's first period
C) The time when the ovaries first begin producing estrogen
D) The pain felt prior to childbirth when the cervix softens and dilates

Question 28

A women who wants to reduce the severity of menstrual cramping without medication might find all of the following helpful, EXCEPT:

A) Moderate exercise
B) Moderate alcohol use
C) Reducing caffeine intake
D) Orgasm

Question 29

What are two functions of the ovaries?

A) To produce eggs and regulate sexual arousal
B) To produce eggs and secrete hormones
C) To produce estrogen and regulate menstruation
D) To produce estrogen and fertilize sperm

Question 30

Which woman is MOST likely to experience secondary amenorrhea?

A) Jennifer with underdeveloped reproductive organs
B) Kristin who is pregnant
C) Allison who does not engage in regular exercise
D) Dani who went through menopause last year

Question 31

How much fluid (including tissue and blood) is typically released during the menstrual cycle?

A) 1-3 teaspoons
B) 2-4 Tablespoons
C) A half-cup (100ml)
D) A cup (200ml)

Question 32

During a menstrual cycle, what is the purpose of the uterine lining buildup?

A) To rid the body of toxins accumulated each month
B) To prepare for a pregnancy
C) To maintain blood circulation throughout the reproductive system
D) All of these

Question 33

In which stage of the menstrual cycle does the endometrium reach its maximum thickness in preparation to receive and nourish a fertilized egg?

A) Follicular
B) Ovulatory
C) Luteal
D) Menstrual

Question 34

What are the four main areas of PMDD symptoms?

A) Behavioral, relational, cognitive, somatic
B) Cognitive, psychosomatic, relational, mood
C) Relational, physical, internal, behavioral
D) Mood, behavioral, somatic, cognitive

Question 35

What is one reason why menstrual suppression may be preferable to having monthly periods?

A) Menstrual disorders are the number one cause of gynecological disease.
B) There would be a decrease in unintended pregnancies.
C) Women's fertility cycles would become more predictable.
D) There would likely be less relationship problems due to less women experiencing PMS.

Question 36

What statement is TRUE about menarche?

A) The average age of menarche is earlier for Black, non-Hispanic girls than White or Hispanic girls.
B) The average age of menarche for Asian girls is earlier than for White or Hispanic girls.
C) In less developed countries, the age of menarche is earlier.
D) The age of menarche has gradually been increasing.

Question 37

What is TRUE about withdrawal bleeding which occurs when a woman taking birth control pills stops taking them for a week?

A) It is usually greater in volume than menstrual flow for a woman who has not taken birth control for several months.
B) It does not occur if the woman takes placebo pills during that week.
C) It indicates that the woman is likely pregnant.
D) It is biologically very different from normal menstrual fluid.

Question 38

What general statement is MOST accurate concerning hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?

A) Most women should take HRT for one to two years following menopause.
B) Women should begin HRT at the onset of experiencing perimenopausal symptoms.
C) As a general practice, women should not take HRT.
D) There are pros and cons of HRT that need to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

Question 39

What is the most probable diagnosis for a woman whose menstrual cycles are normal except that she experiences higher than normal menstrual flow?

A) Dysmenorrhea
B) Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
C) Menorrhagia
D) Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Question 40

Which of the following statements is TRUE about menstrual manipulation?

A) It could be dangerous if a woman goes for more than six months without a period.
B) It is done with pills which suppress the growth of the uterine lining.
C) Menstrual manipulation is associated with a later onset of menopause.
D) Despite the wide availability of these pills, the majority of U.S. women are not interested in them.

Question 41

Which type of cancer of the female reproductive system is most likely to lead to death?

A) Cervical
B) Endometrial
C) Ovarian
D) Breast

Question 42

Sadaf has irregular menstruation, is overweight, and has excessive body and facial hair, and acne. What condition could she have?

A) Menstrual toxic shock syndrome (mTSS)
B) Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
C) Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)
D) Premenopausal dysphoric syndrome (PMDS)

Question 43

Recent research has concluded that there is no medical need for women to have monthly periods.

Question 44

When is it common for a woman to discover she has endometriosis?

A) When having severe pain during intercourse
B) When trying to become pregnant
C) After having multiple miscarriages
D) After having irregular periods for more than 2 years

Question 45

The withdrawal bleeding that occurs while women are using oral contraceptives is different from the bleeding that occurs when women who do not use oral contraceptives have their periods.

Question 46

According to the textbook, when is it recommended for women to undergo their first gynecological exam with a Pap smear?

A) Beginning within 3 years after first sexual intercourse or by the age of 21
B) By the age of 18
C) Beginning after first sexual intercourse
D) Beginning at age 18 for sexually active females and age 21 for others

Question 47

What is the age range in which menopause will typically occur?

A) 30-52
B) 35-64
C) 40-58
D) 50-67

Question 48

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is recognized by the American Psychiatric Association as a psychological disorder.

Question 49

Implantation of a fertilized egg usually occurs during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.

Question 50

Decreasing estrogen during the years leading up to and after menopause can lead to all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Enlargement of the clitoris and labia
B) Growth of hair on upper lip and chin
C) Increased risk for osteoporosis
D) Vaginal dryness

Question 51

The labia minora join at the clitoris to form the prepuce.

Question 52

The clitoris is the only human organ whose sole function is to bring sexual pleasure.

Question 53

Sara is experiencing vaginal burning and rawness along with a sometimes stabbing pain in the vaginal area. Although her gynecologist has been unable to identify a specific cause, what is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Uterine fibroids
B) Toxic shock syndrome
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Vulvodynia

Question 54

Which woman is LEAST likely to develop breast cancer in the next year?

A) Deanna who is 60, White, has no family history of breast cancer and has never had a child
B) Sawyer who is 50, Hispanic, has no family history of breast cancer and had two miscarriages
C) Sheila who is 35, White, has no family history of breast cancer and bottle fed her 4 children
D) Jewel who is 35, Black, has a family history of breast cancer and breastfed her 2 children

Question 55

The term amenorrhea refers to painful menstruation.

Question 56

Couples who are more comfortable with their sexuality report higher levels of sexual intercourse during menstruation.

Question 57

What is the main cause of cervical cancer?

A) HPV infection
B) Family history
C) Trauma to the cervix during childbirth
D) Having sexual intercourse at a young age

Question 58

In cultures that practice female circumcision, the procedure typically occurs at birth.

Question 59

What does the Instead Softcup do?

A) Lubricates the vagina of a woman experiencing menopause
B) Promotes menstrual suppression
C) Holds back menstrual fluid during sexual activity
D) Restores the look of breasts for women after a mastectomy

Question 60

A fertilized ovum typically implants in the cervix.

Question 61

Douching can destroy healthy bacteria in the vagina.

Question 62

Pap smears, taken during routine pelvic exams, test for ovarian cancer.

Question 63

The uterus is the female's most important producer of female sex hormones.

Question 64

Define and differentiate amenorrhea, menorrhagia, and dysmenorrhea.

Question 65

The number of women undergoing breast augmentation has decreased since 1995.

Question 66

Explain what is done during a routine pelvic exam and why.

Question 67

Identify and discuss the functions of three external female sexual organs.

Question 68

Describe the pathway of an ovum after ovulation with and without fertilization. Be sure to identify any integral structures involved with the process.

Question 69

Explain why ovarian cancer is the most deadly gynecological cancer. Also include information about the risk factors and treatments associated with ovarian cancer.

Question 70

Explain what breasts are composed of and the various structures contained in them.

Question 71

Discuss what we know about why puberty begins. Identify the factors that appear to be related to the onset of puberty?

Question 72

Identify and discuss the functions of three internal female sexual organs.

Question 73

Identify and describe two forms of cancer of the female reproductive system including what are the symptoms, prevalence rates, risk factors and treatments.

Question 74

Current recommendations suggest routine pap smears beginning at the age of 17.

Question 75

Identify and explain what happens during each of the four phases of the menstrual cycle.