Deck 12: Pregnancy and Birth

Question 1

About how long does an ovum live in the female reproductive tract?

A) 6 hours
B) 24 hours
C) 72 hours
D) 1 week

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Data from 2009 showed that while the overall number of U.S. births declined, increases were found among what age group?

A) Ages 15-19
B) Ages 20-24
C) Ages 25-29
D) Over 30

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A 25-year old woman could be diagnosed with infertility after having regular unprotected sex and not conceiving after how many months?

A) 3 months
B) 6 months
C) 12 months
D) 18 months

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Where does fertilization normally take place?

A) In the uterus
B) At the cervix
C) In the ampulla (part of the fallopian tube)
D) When sperm enter the ovaries

Question 5

What is the procedure called when sperm are collected via masturbation from the partner or from a sperm donor and then deposited in the vagina, cervix, uterus, or Fallopian tubes to assist with fertilization?

A) In vitro fertilization (IVF)
B) Preimplantation fertility diagnosis (PID)
C) Artificial insemination (AI)
D) Intracellular Sperm Injections (ICSI)

Question 6

What is the primary role of the placenta?

A) Supply nutrients to the developing fetus
B) Aid in respiratory and excretory functions of the fetus
C) Secrete hormones necessary for the continuation of the pregnancy
D) All of these

Question 7

How does the gamete intra-fallopian tube transfer (GIFT) procedure differ from in vitro fertilization (IVF)?

A) The GIFT procedure does not use sperm from a partner and only uses sperm from a donor bank whereas either can be used with IVF.
B) The GIFT procedure uses both donated ovum and sperm, which is fertilized and then placed in the uterus whereas IVF only uses donor or partner sperm.
C) The GIFT procedure implants the ova and sperm into the woman's body prior to fertilization whereas with IVF they are transferred to the body after fertilization.
D) The GIFT procedure is basically the same as IVF except it adds a procedure to test for genetic abnormalities prior to placement in the woman's body.

Question 8

What is an explanation for cross-cultural food aversions that commonly develop during pregnancy?

A) They protect women from eating too much.
B) They protect the fetus from food-borne illness and harmful bacteria.
C) It happens more often in women who are carrying twins.
D) It happens when there is an imbalance of amniotic fluid.

Question 9

How is the due date for a pregnancy typically calculated?

A) From the last day of the last period
B) From the first day of the last period
C) From the estimated date of ovulation
D) From the estimated date of conception

Question 10

When a couple is experiencing fertility problems, most often the problems can be traced back to:

A) Problems associated with just one of the partners
B) A combined problem between both partners
C) Unknown causes
D) Psychological causes in the female partner

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a process that facilitates conception?

A) Female sexual desire peaks at ovulation until just before menstruation.
B) A mucus plug appears in the cervix to trap sperm.
C) Cervical mucus becomes thinner and stretchy.
D) Female orgasm helps draw semen into the uterus.

Question 12

From the second through eighth weeks of pregnancy, what is the medical term for the developing human?

A) Blastocyst
B) Embryo
C) Fetus
D) Zygote

Question 13

What medical term refers to what is commonly called a miscarriage?

A) Fetal expulsion
B) Fetal death
C) Spontaneous abortion
D) Involuntary abortion

Question 14

What is the name of the hormone that pregnancy tests detect to indicate pregnancy?

A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Colostrum
D) Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 15

Miranda did not realize she could be pregnant until she was already 14 weeks along; however, when she took a home pregnancy test it was negative. What is one explanation for this?

A) hCG levels peak in the 2nd and 3rd month of pregnancy and then drop off to levels that might not be detected by a home pregnancy test.
B) By the 12week of pregnancy, estrogen and progesterone have leveled off so differences in them are no longer detected by a home pregnancy test.
C) Home pregnancy tests are only able to detect changes in a woman's body related to pregnancy for the first 6 weeks of pregnancy.
D) She was using her early morning urine for the test which tends to be lower in concentration of pregnancy hormones.

Question 16

A 40-year old woman could be diagnosed with infertility after having regular unprotected sex and not conceiving after how many months?

A) 3 months
B) 6 months
C) 12 months
D) 18 months

Question 17

What is the term given to the idea that something is wrong with a woman if she doesn't give birth to and care for children?

A) Feminine mystique
B) Glass floor
C) Female paradox
D) Motherhood mandate

Question 18

What medical procedure can be used for sex selection of an embryo?

A) Microsorting
B) Genetic embryo testing
C) Amniocentesis
D) All of these

Question 19

What is most likely to cause morning sickness?

A) Eating something spicy or rich
B) Increased estrogen and progesterone
C) Growth of the uterus which pushes on the stomach
D) Amniotic fluid that is passing through the placenta to the mother

Question 20

When two ova are released and both are fertilized by sperm, what type of twins result?

A) Fraternal twins
B) Identical twins
C) Either fraternal or identical twins.
D) Neither, only one egg at a time can be fertilized and twins result if that egg splits in two.

Question 21

All of the following statements regarding exercise during pregnancy are true EXCEPT:

A) Exercise during pregnancy can result in shorter labor.
B) Exercise during pregnancy should not exceed pre-pregnancy exercise levels.
C) Aquatic exercise is not recommended for pregnant women.
D) Sports such as scuba diving and horseback riding should be avoided during pregnancy.

Question 22

What is colostrum?

A) The waxy substance that coats and protects the fetus in utero
B) A thick, yellowish fluid, high in protein and antibodies, secreted from the nipples at the end of pregnancy and after delivery
C) A collection of thick mucus in the cervix that prevents bacteria from entering the uterus and is expelled a few weeks before delivery
D) A buildup of neurotransmitters in the woman's body that help inhibit some of the physical pain during labor

Question 23

The fetus is about 13 inches long and 1.75 pounds, resembles a human and has developed reflexes such as sucking and swallowing. What stage of pregnancy are we talking about?

A) End of the first month
B) End of the first trimester
C) End of the second trimester
D) About 1 month before birth

Question 24

What is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester?

A) Ectopic pregnancy
B) Excessive loss of blood due to miscarriage
C) Bacterial blood infections transferred through the placenta
D) Uncontrollable morning sickness

Question 25

What statement regarding sex during pregnancy is TRUE?

A) Oral sex should be avoided during pregnancy.
B) Some cultures believe semen is essential throughout pregnancy for proper fetal development.
C) While intercourse is safe during pregnancy, orgasm is not and should be avoided.
D) During the first trimester, sexual interest is often at its peak because the couple does not have to worry about becoming pregnant anymore.

Question 26

What is one of the reasons the number of ectopic pregnancies has been increasing in the U.S.?

A) More females are using assisted reproductive technologies to become pregnant.
B) The level of quality nutrition available in the U.S. has declined.
C) There has been an increase in pelvic inflammatory disease caused by chlamydia infections.
D) The birth rate among teens and unmarried women has been increasing and these groups are less likely to receive prenatal care.

Question 27

What percent of all diagnosed pregnancies end in miscarriage?

A) 2-5%
B) 5-10%
C) 15-20%
D) 25-30%

Question 28

At what point during the pregnancy do many women report an increased sex drive?

A) During the first trimester
B) During the second trimester
C) During the third trimester
D) Most women report little interest in sex during the entire pregnancy.

Question 29

What is the name for the intermittent, relatively painless contractions of the uterus after the third month of pregnancy?

A) Apgar contractions
B) Dilation contractions
C) Naegeles contractions
D) Braxton-Hicks contractions

Question 30

Statistically speaking, during what time of the year are women most likely to get pregnant?

A) In the spring and early September
B) In the summer and late December
C) In the winter and early May
D) In the fall and late July

Question 31

A pregnant woman begins to feel fetal movement, has more energy and less morning sickness. What stage of pregnancy is she in?

A) The first trimester
B) The second trimester
C) About 8 weeks into the pregnancy
D) About 8 weeks left to go in the pregnancy

Question 32

What is one of the reasons a mother who is Rh incompatible with her fetus is given the drug RhoGAM after delivery or after an amniocentesis, miscarriage or abortion?

A) If she is not given the drug, she will not be able to breastfeed her baby or future children.
B) If she is not given the drug, it can be dangerous for future pregnancies and lead to fetal death.
C) If she is not given the drug within the first 12 hours of delivery, she is at risk for developing a serious bacterial infection that could result in death.
D) If she is not given the drug, she will likely become infertile.

Question 33

Typically, how many weeks into pregnancy can the fetal heartbeat first be heard with a stethoscope?

A) 2 to 3 weeks
B) 4 to 5 weeks
C) 9 to 10 weeks
D) 14 to 15 weeks

Question 34

Using cryopreservation techniques, people can choose to collect, freeze and store ________ for later pregnancy attempts.

A) Sperm
B) Ovum
C) Embryos
D) All of these

Question 35

Which of the following has NOT been linked to cigarette use during pregnancy?

A) Miscarriage
B) Low birth weight
C) Prematurity
D) Abnormal facial development

Question 36

How many weeks is a typical full-term pregnancy?

A) 22 weeks
B) 36 weeks
C) 40 weeks
D) 44 weeks

Question 37

Which vitamin supplement are pregnant women often advised to take?

A) Folic acid
B) B6
C) Iron
D) All of these

Question 38

The major organ systems are formed, the circulatory and urinary systems are operating and the fetus weighs about a half ounce. What stage of pregnancy are we talking about?

A) End of the first month
B) End of the first trimester
C) End of the second trimester
D) Half way through the pregnancy

Question 39

How much does the average full-term baby weigh at birth?

A) Four pounds
B) Six pounds
C) Seven and a half pounds
D) Nine and a half pounds

Question 40

What is the most common chromosomal abnormality resulting in birth defects?

A) Down syndrome
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Spina bifida
D) Autism

Question 41

A mother breastfeeds her infant exclusively through the first 6 months and then continues breast-feeding until the child is 2. Whose recommendation is she following?

A) American Academy of Pediatrics
B) American Association of Midwives
C) World Health Organization
D) She is not following any standard recommendations as experts do not recommend breastfeeding beyond the first year.

Question 42

Drinking alcohol during the first trimester of pregnancy has not been found to be harmful, although drinking during the second or third trimester is associated with higher rates of birth defect.

Question 43

Exercise is not advised during pregnancy.

Question 44

Fertilization normally takes place in the uterus.

Question 45

Approximately how many women experience postpartum depression?

A) 1 in 4
B) 1 in 8
C) 1 in 15
D) 1 in 20

Question 46

Related to sexuality after childbirth, which of the following is true?

A) Most women take up to a year before resuming pre-pregnancy sexual desire and frequency.
B) Sexual intercourse can be safely resumed immediately following delivery.
C) Most physicians advise heterosexual patients who had an uncomplicated delivery to wait 6 weeks postpartum before resuming intercourse.
D) Most women report increased vaginal lubrication up to 6 months postpartum.

Question 47

Women are most likely to feel the best during the second trimester of pregnancy.

Question 48

If a baby is born 24-weeks premature, what are its chances for survival?

A) Almost zero, only a few babies born at 24-weeks have survived.
B) About 20%
C) Greater than 50%
D) Almost 100% with current technology

Question 49

Related to the birth process, what does engagement refer to?

A) The expulsion of the mucus plug from the cervix
B) When the top of the head appears in the vagina
C) When a baby's feet or buttocks are first
D) When the fetus moves into a "heads down" position in the uterus

Question 50

Invitro fertilization is the process of inserting an already fertilized zygote into the woman's uterus.

Question 51

The use of fertility drugs increases the likelihood of multiple births.

Question 52

A still birth is also called a spontaneous abortion.

Question 53

What percent of babies worldwide are born at home?

A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 80%

Question 54

Most fertility issues can be traced back to problems associated with just one of the partners.

Question 55

Which of the following happens during stage one of labor?

A) Crowning
B) Placenta expulsion
C) Cervical effacement
D) Episiotomy

Question 56

There are medical procedures available that can be used for sex selection.

Question 57

Most states have structured and highly monitored laws regarding surrogate parenting.

Question 58

Which statement is most descriptive of problems during childbirth?

A) The overall premature birth rate in the U.S. has been increasing over the past decade.
B) The overall rate of C-section deliveries have steadily been declining in the U.S.
C) C-section is most often the delivery method of choice for fetuses in the breech position.
D) Most women who have a stillbirth are not able to carry future pregnancies to term.

Question 59

All of the following statements about labor induction are true EXCEPT:

A) Labor induction is one of the fastest growing medical procedures for childbirth in the United States.
B) Some women choose to have labor induction for nonmedical reasons, such as avoiding birth on a holiday or to accommodate work schedules.
C) Based on current research, labor induction is being advised to most women as a way to avoid labor and delivery complications.
D) Contractions caused by induced labor tend to be more painful and prolonged than those induced through natural labor.

Question 60

What happens during the final stage of labor?

A) Engagement
B) Placenta Expulsion
C) Birth
D) Crowning

Question 61

Choose one of the three trimesters of pregnancy and discuss the major events for both the developing fetus and the mother.

Question 62

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breast-feeding for 6 months and continued breast-feeding for a minimum of one year.

Question 63

Explain how the rates of C-section birth have changed over the past 20 years. Discuss reasons for these changes.

Question 64

Discuss the reasons women are delaying pregnancy more often these days. What are the risks of delayed pregnancy? Be sure to cite specific findings from your textbook.

Question 65

The majority of births worldwide take place in hospitals.

Question 66

Identify and explain some of the benefits of breastfeeding. What are some of the challenges associated with breastfeeding?

Question 67

Explain the process of conception, and describe how the human body is programmed to help pregnancy occur. Make sure to reference information from your textbook.

Question 68

Identify four signs of pregnancy, and explain why they occur.

Question 69

The rate of C-section deliveries have been steadily declining over the past 20 years.

Question 70

If you were developing a handout to encourage healthy pregnancies, what are 4 things suggestions you would include in your handout? Back up each suggestion with a research finding to support it.

Question 71

Define prenatal diagnostic testing. Identify two tests that are available and explain how they are used to determine if there are fetal abnormalities.

Question 72

Identify the three stages of birth and explain what happens at each stage. Generally, how long does each stage last?

Question 73

When a zygote implants outside of the uterus it is called an ectopic pregnancy.

Question 74

Choose any two types of assisted reproduction; explain each and describe when they would be most helpful to an infertile couple or for gay and lesbian couples.

Question 75

More babies are born before their due date rather than after their due date.