Deck 15: Ethical Aspects of Health Care

Question 1

A nurse manager at a home health care agency who ensures that all contracts have been completed and payments are timely is displaying the principle of:

A)veracity
B)respect for others
C)autonomy
D)fidelity

Answer 1

fidelity

Question 2

An example of veracity is:

A)being first in line
B)volunteering to work overtime
C)having a great deal to do
D)admitting mistakes promptly

Answer 2

admitting mistakes promptly

Question 3

The use of a "veil of ignorance" pertains to which ethical theory?

A)justice and equality
B)deontology
C)relativism
D)virtue ethics

Answer 3

justice and equality

Question 4

Behaviors that occur in accordance with customs or traditions that also generally reflect religious or personal beliefs are a definition of:

A)values
B)morality
C)philosophies
D)ethics

Question 5

Philosophies:

A)are a way of looking at the world through rose-colored glasses
B)are a rational investigation of truths, reality, and human behavior
C)are an investigation into behaviors and truths, but not necessarily of reality
D)stem from a person's beliefs and opinions, and principles of bioethics

Question 6

When a nurse provides all patients with caring attention,including those who are terminally ill,that nurse is displaying the ethical principle of:

A)nonmaleficence
B)teleology
C)beneficence
D)fidelity

Question 7

The duty to do good to others and maintain a balance between those items that may cause harm and those that may cause good is called:

A)fidelity
B)nonmaleficence
C)beneficence
D)veracity

Question 8

Ethics is:

A)behaviors concerning moral choices and opinions
B)behaviors according to certain customs or beliefs
C)a branch of philosophy dealing with right and wrong
D)a type of thinking in which criticism is accepted

Question 9

According to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory on moral development,moral decisions at the preconventional level are made in response to:

A)finding approval
B)respect for authority
C)loyalty to others
D)threats of punishment

Question 10

Beneficence,nonmaleficence,fidelity,justice,autonomy,veracity,and respect for others are all examples of:

A)philosophies pertaining to nursing
B)ethical dilemmas
C)philosophies related to organizational law
D)ethical principles and rules

Question 11

Personal beliefs about the truth of ideas are called:

A)relativism
B)teleology
C)morals
D)values

Question 12

In the 2010 annual Gallup Organization's Poll,data on professional and ethical standards indicated that:

A)nurses, pharmacists, and high school teachers were ranked highest
B)members of the clergy and nurses were ranked in the middle
C)nurses were ranked in the highest percentile
D)policemen and clergy were ranked highest

Question 13

A conflict between two or more principles when there is not a "correct" choice is called:

A)ethics
B)bioethics
C)ethical dilemma
D)ethical situation

Question 14

Nurse X has always maintained that "whatever you think is right,is right" in his personal and professional relationships on your unit.Upon what ethical principle is he basing this kind of decision making?

A)beneficence
B)nonmaleficence
C)teleology
D)relativism

Question 15

Which is not necessarily a characteristic of values?

A)provide a set of rules by which to live
B)guide actions and decisions
C)hinder problem solving and give direction to life
D)influence how people react to others

Question 16

The phrase "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you" is reflective of which ethical theory?

A)Teleology
B)Beneficence
C)justice and equity
D)Deontology

Question 17

An example of teleology is:

A)do unto others as you would have them do unto you
B)murder is always wrong
C)the achievement of a good outcome justifies using less than desirable means to attain it
D)a person's character must be developed so that he will be predisposed to behave virtuously

Question 18

Virtue ethics espouses that:

A)people are born virtuous
B)people's actions are based on moral virtues
C)virtues such as truthfulness develop over time
D)whatever a person thinks is right

Question 19

A benefit of having an ethics committee is that such committees:

A)provide guidance that assist with difficult decisions
B)are interdisciplinary and provide a way to decide what is right and wrong
C)provide guidance that assists with decisions concerning ethical dilemmas
D)provide guidance that assists with decisions related only to ethics and nursing practice

Question 20

A virtuous person,according to Burkhardt and Nathaniel (2008),has:

A)compassion, discernment, integrity, and trustworthiness
B)discernment, compassion, understanding, and empathy
C)trustworthiness, integrity, sympathy, and follows the rules
D)integrity, compassion, understanding, and makes the best decision that is fair for all

Question 21

When a nurse chooses in the process of values clarification,the nurse will:

A)make that choice part of their behavior
B)analyze alternative beliefs
C)share the choice with others
D)be satisfied with the choice

Question 22

The parents of a hospitalized infant have been given a poor prognosis for the infant's survival.The health care providers gave them options for care.The parents now are faced with a dilemma of:

A)ethics
B)morals
C)justice
D)principles

Question 23

Research conducted by the Ethics Center identified several ways health care organizations can have an ethical workplace or culture.These include which of the following? Select all that apply.

A)formal programs can help an organization strengthen its culture
B)an ethical culture makes a difference in achieving positive outcomes
C)informal programs with employee involvement are more beneficial in developing a positive culture
D)the most critical factor in promoting an ethical culture is leadership

Question 24

Raths,Harmin,and Simon (1978)formulated a theory of values clarification and proposed a three-step process for valuing.The three steps in the process include which of the following? Select all that apply.

A)choosing
B)prizing
C)acting
D)deciding

Question 25

In health care organizations what or who is the most critical factor in promoting an ethical culture within the organization?

A)staff nurses
B)senior leadership
C)middle managers
D)charge nurses

Question 26

A patient with cancer has made the decision that he will no longer have chemotherapy.This patient is practicing the ethical principle of:

A)autonomy
B)nonmaleficence
C)veracity
D)fidelity

Question 27

Lawrence Kohlberg (1971)identified a multiphase process of moral development.These phases of moral development include which of the following? Select all that apply.

A)cognitive
B)preconventional
C)conventional
D)postconventional

Question 28

According to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory on moral development,conformity to expected social and religious morals and a sense of loyalty emerge at:

A)the postconventional level
B)the preconventional level
C)the conventional level
D)the unconventional level