Question 1

Which learning theory says that a set stimulus, over a period of time, will produce the same response every time?&#10;A)classical conditioning&#10;B)insight learning&#10;C)drive motive&#10;D)operant conditioning

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning is a learning theory developed by Ivan Pavlov that suggests a previously neutral stimulus, when paired with an unconditioned stimulus, can eventually elicit the same response as the unconditioned stimulus on its own. This theory emphasizes that, over time, a consistent stimulus will produce a consistent response.

Question 2

What are the three laws of Thorndike's law?&#10;A)law of exercise&#10;B)law of effect&#10;C)law of readiness&#10;D)a, b & c

Accepted Answer

Thorndike's three laws are the law of exercise, the law of effect, and the law of readiness, making all three options correct.

Question 3

Which of the following is/are part of the definition of learning?&#10;A)change in behaviour&#10;B)relatively permanent&#10;C)brought about by experience&#10;D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the options are part of the definition of learning. Learning is a change in behavior that is relatively permanent and is brought about by experience.

Question 4

Classical conditioning apparently plays a role in the development of&#10;A)resistance to disease&#10;B)allergic reactions&#10;C)sexual arousal&#10;D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning can play a role in the development of various physiological and psychological responses, including resistance to disease (through immune system conditioning), allergic reactions (where the body learns to react to certain stimuli), and sexual arousal (where certain stimuli can become associated with sexual excitement).

Question 5

Learning that results from the consequences of behaviours called&#10;A)extinguished conditioning&#10;B)operant conditioning&#10;C)classical conditioning&#10;D)positive conditioning

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning is a learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment. It is also known as instrumental conditioning and was primarily brought to light by B.F. Skinner.

Question 6

If positive reinforcement is not given within a short time following the response, learning will proceed slowly. This phenomenon is called&#10;A)delay of reinforcement&#10;B)extinction&#10;C)conditioned response&#10;D)consistency

Accepted Answer

Delay of reinforcement refers to the time interval between the occurrence of a behavior and the presentation of a reinforcer. When this delay is long, the association between the behavior and the reinforcement weakens, leading to slower learning.

Question 7

Reinforcers that are innately reinforcing, such as food, water, and warmth are called&#10;A)primary reinforcers&#10;B)secondary reinforcers&#10;C)extinguished reinforcers&#10;D)superstitious reinforcers

Accepted Answer

Primary reinforcers are innately reinforcing because they satisfy biological needs, such as food, water, and warmth.

Question 8

If a child is rewarded for appropriate behavior every 15 minutes, what type of schedule is being used?&#10;A)fixed ratio&#10;B)variable ratio&#10;C)fixed interval&#10;D)variable interval

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a fixed interval schedule because the reward is given at fixed time intervals (every 15 minutes) as long as the appropriate behavior occurs.

Question 9

Salespeople who are paid exclusively by commission are reinforced on which type of schedule?&#10;A)fixed ratio&#10;B)fixed interval&#10;C)variable ratio&#10;D)variable interval

Accepted Answer

Salespeople paid exclusively by commission are reinforced on a variable ratio schedule because they receive a reward (commission) after an unpredictable number of sales, which varies each time. This type of reinforcement schedule is known for producing high rates of response and persistence.

Question 10

If you wanted to teach a chicken to &#34;play&#34; the piano, you should&#10;A)wait for a musically inclined chicken to show up&#10;B)extinguish piano-playing behavior&#10;C)use shaping&#10;D)use negative reinforcement

Accepted Answer

Shaping is a technique in operant conditioning where behaviors are gradually guided toward a desired behavior by reinforcing successive approximations of the target behavior. To teach a chicken to "play" the piano, you would start by reinforcing any behavior that is a step towards playing the piano, such as pecking at keys, and gradually require more specific actions that resemble playing the piano more closely.

Question 11

Behavior that is reinforced because it causes a negative event to stop is called&#10;A)shaping&#10;B)punishment&#10;C)escape conditioning&#10;D)avoidance conditioning

Accepted Answer

The answer of Behavior that is reinforced because it causes...

Question 12

Which of the following is suggested as a guideline for the use of punishment?&#10;A)do not use physical punishment&#10;B)do not give punishment mixed with rewards&#10;C)make it clear to the individual which behavior is being punished&#10;D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is suggested as...

Question 13

If the consequence of a behavior is negative and the frequency of that behavior decreases, the behavior has been&#10;A)positively reinforced&#10;B)negatively reinforced&#10;C)disinhibited&#10;D)punished

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the consequence of a behavior is...

Question 14

Which of the following is correct?&#10;A)classical conditioning usually involves reflexive behavior, while operant conditioning usually involves more complicated, spontaneous behavior.&#10;B)classical conditioning usually involves more complicated, spontaneous behavior, while operant conditioning involves reflexive behavior.&#10;C)in classical conditioning, the reinforcement is contingent on the behavior of the learner.&#10;D)in operant conditioning the ucs and cs occur independently of the learner\s behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is correct?&#10;A)classical conditioning...

Question 15

An intense internal force that motivates behavior is known as a(n)&#10;A)incentive&#10;B)drive&#10;C)reinforcement&#10;D)reward

Accepted Answer

The answer of An intense internal force that motivates behavior...

Question 16

If drive motivation is based on deprivation, incentive motivation is based on&#10;A)drive reduction&#10;B)habit strength&#10;C)inhibition&#10;D)reward value

Accepted Answer

The answer of If drive motivation is based on deprivation,...

Deck 3: Learning and Motivation