Deck 4: Traditional Learning Theories and Concepts

Question 1

Environmental stimuli can acquire the ability to produce an internal drive state. Hull called these

A)environmental drives
B)acquired drives
C)conditioned drives
D)unconditioned drives

Answer 1

acquired drives

Question 2

Habit strength increases based on

A)incentive induction
B)drive reduction
C)inhibition induction
D)behavioral induction

Answer 2

drive reduction

Question 3

When a response continues to fail to produce drive reduction, it is permanently suppressed via

A)reactive inhibition
B)latent inhibition
C)conditioned inhibition
D)higher order inhibition

Answer 3

conditioned inhibition

Question 4

Crespi's findings regarding the effect of reward magnitude on running speed forced Hull to propose that

A)reward magnitude directly influences motivation
B)reward magnitude has no effect on motivation
C)shifts in reward result in forgetting
D)learning is reduced with large reward

Question 5

According to Amsel, the extinction of an instrumental response is due to

A)anger
B)frustration
C)repression
D)anxiety

Question 6

In Mowrer's two-factor theory of avoidance learning, the two factors are

A)vicarious learning and classical conditioning
B)instrumental conditioning and operant conditioning
C)classical conditioning and pavlovian conditioning
D)classical conditioning and instrumental (or operant) conditioning

Question 7

Guthrie believed that all learning is

A)s-r associations reinforced by drive reduction
B)s-r associations based on contiguity
C)s-s associations based on reinforcement
D)s-s associations based on contiguity

Question 8

Which traditional theorist believed that behavior involves purpose, goals, and expectations?

A)tolman
B)hull
C)thorndike
D)skinner

Question 9

Spence's anticipatory goal concept is comparable to Tolman's

A)cathexis
B)cognitive map
C)equivalence belief principle
D)law of effect

Question 10

Which traditional learning theorist believed that the use of hypothetical constructs does not contribute to our understanding of behavior?

A)hull
B)skinner
C)tolman
D)rotter

Question 11

Guthrie rejected Thorndike's

A)law of exercise
B)law of readiness
C)law of equivalence
D)law of effect

Question 12

According to Tolman, reward is not required for learning but is required for

A)extinction
B)performance
C)memory
D)direction

Question 13

Instrumental aversive conditioning involves

A)escape training
B)punishment training
C)avoidance training
D)all of the above

Question 14

Once exposed to an aversive situation, learning a response that removes the aversive situation involves

A)avoidance learning
B)escape learning
C)stimulus discrimination
D)response generalization

Question 15

According to Skinner, a reinforcer is any event that

A)increases a behavior
B)decreases a behavior
C)makes a person happy
D)is satisfying

Question 16

Skinner defines an operant behavior as that which is

A)elicited by environmental stimuli
B)a result of s-r associations
C)emitted by the organism
D)unlearned

Question 17

Whenever Kendra's dog whines at the door to go out she says "good dog" and pets the dog. The word "good" becomes a secondary reinforcer through the process of

A)classical conditioning
B)operant conditioning
C)instrumental conditioning
D)vicarious conditioning

Question 18

To teach a complex behavior, one should use

A)shaping
B)classical conditioning
C)punishment
D)contingency management

Question 19

Kohler's research with Sultan supports which theoretical view of learning?

A)insight learning
B)latent learning
C)place learning
D)modeling