Deck 17: Personality, Mental Health, and Physical Health

Question 1

Which of the following are NOT general characteristics of personality disorders?

A) They are unusual.
B) They affect social relations.
C) They typically cause problems.
D) They are unstable across the life span.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The prevalence of narcissistic personality disorder ranges around the world from ________.

A) 0 percent to 2.1 percent
B) 0 percent to 6.2 percent
C) 3.2 percent to 7.2 percent
D) 0.2 percent to 1.2 percent

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Henry was just diagnosed with schizophrenia.Which of the following behaviors is Henry NOT likely to display?

A) hallucinations
B) distortions of reality
C) jumbled thinking
D) extreme lack of empathy

Answer 3

A

Question 4

According to psychiatrist Kurt Schneider,unusually extreme personality attributes that cause ________ are the defining features of personality disorders.

A) major problems in the workplace
B) depression or anxiety
C) major problems for the afflicted person or for others
D) a break from reality

Question 5

According to the textbook,Adolf Hitler exhibited many of the classic signs of which personality disorder?

A) histrionic
B) antisocial
C) narcissistic
D) borderline

Question 6

Which disorder appears in the DSM-IV-TR Cluster B?

A) avoidant
B) paranoid
C) antisocial
D) schizoid

Question 7

Which disorder appears on the DSM-IV-TR Cluster A?

A) obsessive-compulsive
B) paranoid
C) avoidant
D) histrionic

Question 8

The quote from the DSM-5,"it is hoped that both versions will serve clinical practice and research initiatives,respectively" (p.645)implies that ________.

A) the new DSM classifies disorders based on scientific evidence
B) clinical practice and scientific conclusions are independent
C) clinicians should rely on the DSM-IV-TR
D) clinical and scientific classification should be considered equally

Question 9

According to the textbook,one purpose of the DSM is to ________,and a second is to ________.

A) make psychiatric diagnosis more objective; guide research on disorders
B) make psychiatric diagnosis more objective; facilitate insurance billing
C) guide research on disorders; facilitate biological research on disorders
D) facilitate genetic research on disorders; make psychiatric diagnosis more objective

Question 10

Which disorder appears in the DSM-IV-TR Cluster C?

A) dependent
B) narcissistic
C) borderline
D) histrionic

Question 11

A major criteria for personality disorders is that they cause major problems ________.

A) in the work place
B) for the person who has the disorder or for others
C) only a small percentage of the time
D) for everyone except the person who has the disorder

Question 12

A more extreme version of schizotypal personality disorder is ________.

A) narcissism
B) schizoid personality disorder
C) schizophrenia
D) anti-social personality disorder

Question 13

Which of the following disorders has NOT been deleted from the research-based section of the DSM-5?

A) histrionic
B) paranoid
C) antisocial
D) schizoid

Question 14

What is the most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)?

A) DSM-III
B) DSM-III-TR
C) DSM-IV-TR
D) DSM-5

Question 15

What is a major difference between the DSM-IV-TR and the research-based section of the DSM-5?

A) The DSM-IV-TR cluster categorization system has been deleted.
B) The antisocial and narcissistic disorders have been deleted.
C) The DSM-IV-TR is much more concise and, therefore, much more reliable.
D) The new DSM-5 is a lot less technical and is meant to be understood by the general public.

Question 16

According to the DSM-IV-TR classification scheme,what are the Cluster C disorders?

A) avoidant, schizoid, and obsessive-compulsive
B) narcissistic, schizotypal, and borderline
C) antisocial, borderline, and avoidant
D) dependent, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive

Question 17

Which French psychiatrist identified the problem known as madness without distortion (manie sans delire)?

A) Jean-Paul Sartre
B) Philippe Pinel
C) Renee De Gaul
D) Jacques De Franco

Question 18

People who have ego-syntonic personality disorders ________.

A) are accurately aware of their disorder
B) lose their identities
C) are low in ego control and ego resiliency
D) do not think anything is wrong

Question 19

The controversy around the DSM revolved around different viewpoints from ________ and ________.

A) personality psychologists; social psychologists
B) professional psychologists; the public
C) "old guard" clinicians; scientifically oriented psychologists
D) politicians; scientists

Question 20

According to the text,what was the main controversy in personality psychology that became a major contributor to the new edition of the DSM?

A) how to define personality disorders
B) whether or not to include the big five traits
C) how to classify multi-personality disorder
D) how long the DSM should be

Question 21

If you were to tell a person with narcissistic personality disorder that he is smarter than Bill Gates and better looking than Brad Pitt,he would likely ________.

A) agree with you
B) become aggressive and argumentative
C) suspect you are being insincere
D) compliment you in the same exaggerated way

Question 22

Someone who brags about her physical health and vitality in front of a friend going through chemotherapy exhibits a symptom of which personality disorder?

A) histrionic
B) antisocial
C) narcissistic
D) schizotypal

Question 23

What is the common first impression someone has when they meet a person with narcissistic personality disorder?

A) They are shy and inhibited.
B) They are strange and deluded.
C) They are charming and extraverted.
D) They are entitled and egocentric.

Question 24

Which disorder seems to be linked with economic status and urban settings?

A) antisocial
B) schizoid
C) schizotypal
D) histrionic

Question 25

Janet consistently expects criticism,contempt,and rejection from others.Which disorder is she most likely to have?

A) schizotypal
B) antisocial
C) avoidant
D) paranoid

Question 26

Individuals with this personality disorder are prone to "splitting" the ways that they view other people in their lives.

A) schizoid
B) histrionic
C) schizotypal
D) borderline

Question 27

An individual who is typically irritable,aggressive,and irresponsible might have which personality disorder?

A) histrionic
B) schizoid
C) schizotypal
D) antisocial

Question 28

Bethany often has emotional outbursts for no apparent reason.What personality disorder is Bethany likely to have?

A) schizotypal
B) borderline
C) avoidant
D) narcissistic

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?

A) manipulation
B) confused identity
C) impulsivity
D) aggression

Question 30

Susan absolutely demands to be uncritically accepted by her partner Jade.Susan most likely has which personality disorder?

A) schizotypal
B) dependent
C) schizoid
D) avoidant

Question 31

Suicide and self-mutilation are especially characteristic of which personality disorder?

A) borderline
B) histrionic
C) paranoid
D) schizoid

Question 32

Confused,delusional,and even self-destructive thinking is NOT typically associated with which of the following personality disorders?

A) borderline
B) antisocial
C) schizoid
D) schizotypal

Question 33

An individual who truly believes that he or she should be the first person rescued from a burning building exhibits a symptom of which personality disorder?

A) narcissistic
B) antisocial
C) borderline
D) schizoid

Question 34

A description such as "emotional hemophilia" applies most accurately to which personality disorder?

A) borderline
B) avoidant
C) dependent
D) schizoid

Question 35

The hallmark of borderline personality disorder is ________.

A) grandiose self-evaluations
B) acute discomfort in social situations
C) a pervasive disregard for the feelings of others
D) emotional instability

Question 36

According to the text,why is narcissistic personality disorder difficult for psychologists to treat?

A) because it is extremely ego-synotic
B) because their patients tend to be violent
C) because it is very rare
D) because it appears in short bursts

Question 37

An individual who consistently fears abandonment may suffer from which personality disorder?

A) schizoid
B) borderline
C) schizotypal
D) narcissistic

Question 38

Recent work suggests that problems with the endogenous opioid system are associated with which personality disorder?

A) schizoid
B) narcissistic
C) schizotypal
D) borderline

Question 39

According to the text,which therapy has sometimes been effective for treating borderline personality disorder?

A) object relations-based psychotherapy
B) dialectical behavioral therapy
C) cognitive objective therapy
D) progressive desensitization therapy

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT one of behavioral attributes associated with borderline personality disorder?

A) self-destructive acts
B) uncontrollable anger
C) preoccupation with fantasies of ultimate attainment
D) chronic feelings of emptiness

Question 41

Mario is extremely manipulative,deceitful,and callous,and his behavior is negatively affecting those around him.The personality disorder he may have would fall into which of the DSM-5 dimensions?

A) detachment
B) antagonism
C) disinhibition
D) psychoticism

Question 42

According to the text,correlations between personality traits and self-reports of "feeling good" may reflect how personality affects ________ rather than physical health.

A) mood
B) other trait levels
C) mental health
D) personal opinions

Question 43

Greg is often characterized as "marching to a different drummer" or acting original and somewhat idiosyncratically.What is an exaggerated version of Greg's tendencies?

A) schizotypal
B) obsessive-compulsive
C) borderline
D) histrionic

Question 44

Clinical psychologist Dr.Powell has just seen a new patient and needs to diagnose him to appease the insurance company.In this case,use of ________ is helpful to Dr.Powell.

A) labeling
B) measurement
C) treatment
D) psychoanalysis

Question 45

Lisa is known by her coworkers as a workaholic.What personality disorder might she suffer from?

A) schizotypal
B) avoidant
C) obsessive-compulsive
D) dependent

Question 46

The following domains from the DSM-5 have replaced the cluster system of the DSM-IV-TR EXCEPT ________.

A) negative affectivity
B) detachment
C) antagonism
D) paranoia

Question 47

________ is the tendency to frequently and intensely feel negative emotions such as anxiety,depression,and suspicion.

A) Negative affectivity
B) Antagonism
C) Detachment
D) Disinhibition

Question 48

Which of the maladaptive personality traits in the DSM-5 bears the closest resemblance to low conscientiousness in the Big Five?

A) psychoticism
B) antagonism
C) disinhibition
D) urgency

Question 49

The reason obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)is characterized both by being unable to throw anything away and being obsessively clean is that ________.

A) being unable to throw anything away describes someone low on OCPD and being obsessively clean describes someone high on OCPD
B) the underlying cause of both of these behaviors is the same
C) not being able to throw anything away isn't really used very often to describe someone with OCPD
D) people high on OCPD switch off between keeping everything and being obsessively clean.

Question 50

Which of the maladaptive personality traits in the DSM-5 captures many of the personality attributes associated with narcissism?

A) psychoticism
B) antagonism
C) negative affectivity
D) detachment

Question 51

According to a recent study on longevity,friend ratings of participants' personalities that predicted longevity were ________ participants' self-ratings.

A) worse than
B) worse for women and better for men than
C) about the same as
D) better than

Question 52

Dr.Spitz is a clinical psychologist whose last patient has recently developed a habit of lying to his parents.If Dr.Spitz were to immediately diagnose his patient with antisocial personality disorder,he would be ________ his patient's behavior.

A) appropriately analyzing
B) categorizing
C) pathologizing
D) misdiagnosing

Question 53

Josie works constantly yet never seems to get anything done.What personality disorder is Josie likely to have?

A) schizotypal
B) avoidant
C) narcissistic
D) obsessive-compulsive

Question 54

Which of the maladaptive personality traits in the new section of the DSM-5 bears the closest resemblance to low extraversion in the Big Five?

A) psychoticism
B) antagonism
C) disinhibition
D) detachment

Question 55

Ricky was just diagnosed with a personality disorder that fits into the detachment category of the DSM-5.What behaviors is he likely to display?

A) suspiciousness
B) impulsivity
C) anxiousness
D) eccentricity

Question 56

According to the DSM-IV-TR,clinical psychologists make their diagnoses by ________,however according to the DSM-5,they diagnose by ________.

A) counting up the number of indicators present; assessing the degree of the client's psychological difficulty
B) self-reported assessments; peer-reported assessments
C) a physical assessment; psychological assessment
D) assess whether or not the client's personality functioning is impaired; making a yes or no decision regarding the presence or absence of a disorder

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT a major characteristic for obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)?

A) perfectionism
B) inability to delegate
C) being a pack rat
D) hallucinations

Question 58

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)are distinct in that OCPD generally doesn't include ________.

A) a grandiose way of thinking
B) hallucinations about clean surfaces
C) specific compulsions like obsessive hand-washing
D) ego-syntonic tendencies

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT accurate regarding some of the concerns that have been raised about the DSM?

A) The DSM system is not widely used by the psychiatric community.
B) There is a tendency to pathologize morally repugnant and criminal behavior.
C) There is little in the way of a clear definition of mental health in the DSM.
D) The labels in the DSM can be overused.

Question 60

Which psychotropic drug has been used to treat obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?

A) serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
B) antipsychotics
C) Lithium
D) sedative-hypnotics

Question 61

Match each of the trait domains used to understand personality disorders in the DSM-5 with the associated Big Five personality trait.
a.Disinhibition c.Negative affectivity
b.Detachment d.Antagonism
Extraversion

Question 62

Match the behavioral pattern with the major personality disorder.
a.Characterized by stubborn, ritualistic behavior
b.Expectations of criticism force individuals to resort to extreme social withdrawal
c.Expectations of unconditional recognition and admiration of others
d.Characterized by manipulation, deceit, recklessness, and impulsivity
e.Characterized by unstable and confused behavior and patterns of self-harm
f.Involves distortions of reality, jumbled thinking, and hallucinations
Borderline

Question 63

A recent cross-lagged correlational study shows that being sick leads to ________ but that the reverse isn't true.

A) negative emotions
B) long-term anxiety
C) increased optimism
D) no change in emotionality

Question 64

According to previous research,people high on conscientiousness have especially good health because ________.

A) they are more likely to do things that make good health more likely
B) there is a direct, biological connection between conscientiousness and health
C) they have a strong social network
D) they have especially high positive well-being

Question 65

Match each of the trait domains used to understand personality disorders in the DSM-5 with the associated Big Five personality trait.
a.Disinhibition c.Negative affectivity
b.Detachment d.Antagonism
Agreeableness

Question 66

Match the behavioral pattern with the major personality disorder.
a.Characterized by stubborn, ritualistic behavior
b.Expectations of criticism force individuals to resort to extreme social withdrawal
c.Expectations of unconditional recognition and admiration of others
d.Characterized by manipulation, deceit, recklessness, and impulsivity
e.Characterized by unstable and confused behavior and patterns of self-harm
f.Involves distortions of reality, jumbled thinking, and hallucinations
Avoidant

Question 67

What two components define the "healthy personality"?

A) mental and physical health
B) environmental and situational factors
C) personality and social relationships
D) self and peer-report data

Question 68

Match the behavioral pattern with the major personality disorder.
a.Characterized by stubborn, ritualistic behavior
b.Expectations of criticism force individuals to resort to extreme social withdrawal
c.Expectations of unconditional recognition and admiration of others
d.Characterized by manipulation, deceit, recklessness, and impulsivity
e.Characterized by unstable and confused behavior and patterns of self-harm
f.Involves distortions of reality, jumbled thinking, and hallucinations
Antisocial

Question 69

Research on the Type A Personality disorder has ________ in recent years.

A) increased
B) become more biologically rooted
C) declined
D) stayed the same

Question 70

What two pathways between personality and health need to be considered when evaluating the relationship between these variables?

A) individual and social
B) physical and psychological
C) self-report and peer-report
D) biological and behavioral

Question 71

Match the behavioral pattern with the major personality disorder.
a.Characterized by stubborn, ritualistic behavior
b.Expectations of criticism force individuals to resort to extreme social withdrawal
c.Expectations of unconditional recognition and admiration of others
d.Characterized by manipulation, deceit, recklessness, and impulsivity
e.Characterized by unstable and confused behavior and patterns of self-harm
f.Involves distortions of reality, jumbled thinking, and hallucinations
Obsessive-compulsive

Question 72

One reason that research on Type A Personality was so popular for so long may be because research on it was funded by ________.

A) the government
B) the alcohol industry
C) the pharmaceutical industry
D) the tobacco industry

Question 73

All of the following are reasons for why it is difficult to gather data on health EXCEPT ________.

A) people may not know how unhealthy they are
B) death records are an unreliable way to measure health
C) people may be unwilling to answer truthfully when asked about their health
D) public health records are confidential

Question 74

Match each of the trait domains used to understand personality disorders in the DSM-5 with the associated Big Five personality trait.
a.Disinhibition c.Negative affectivity
b.Detachment d.Antagonism
Conscientiousness

Question 75

According to the text,psychological remedies to improve health often focus on changing ________.

A) learned behavior
B) attitudes about health
C) personality
D) cultural norms

Question 76

What trait is most clearly associated with positive health outcomes?

A) extraversion
B) agreeableness
C) emotional stability
D) conscientiousness

Question 77

Match each of the trait domains used to understand personality disorders in the DSM-5 with the associated Big Five personality trait.
a.Disinhibition c.Negative affectivity
b.Detachment d.Antagonism
Emotional stability

Question 78

Match the behavioral pattern with the major personality disorder.
a.Characterized by stubborn, ritualistic behavior
b.Expectations of criticism force individuals to resort to extreme social withdrawal
c.Expectations of unconditional recognition and admiration of others
d.Characterized by manipulation, deceit, recklessness, and impulsivity
e.Characterized by unstable and confused behavior and patterns of self-harm
f.Involves distortions of reality, jumbled thinking, and hallucinations
Narcissistic

Question 79

A study conducted in the late 1950s claimed that Type A Personality is related to ________.

A) a high risk of heart disease
B) major depression
C) narcissistic personality disorder
D) increased longevity

Question 80

Match the behavioral pattern with the major personality disorder.
a.Characterized by stubborn, ritualistic behavior
b.Expectations of criticism force individuals to resort to extreme social withdrawal
c.Expectations of unconditional recognition and admiration of others
d.Characterized by manipulation, deceit, recklessness, and impulsivity
e.Characterized by unstable and confused behavior and patterns of self-harm
f.Involves distortions of reality, jumbled thinking, and hallucinations
Schizotypal