Deck 10: Clinical and Sport Biomechanics

Question 1

Giovanni Borelli first demonstrated how geometry could be used to describe complex human and animal movements such as jumping, running, flying, and swimming.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Statics is the branch of mechanics dealing with systems in a state of constant motion, including a system that is not moving or moving with a constant speed and direction.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Linear motion occurs when all points on a body move in a parallel line the same distance, but the paths followed by the points on the object are curved and there is no change in body orientation.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The development of electrocardiography allowed scholars to examine the kinematics and kinetics of movement, and led to the use of engineering principles in biomechanical analysis.

Question 5

Most voluntary human movement involves the rotation of a body part around an imaginary axis of rotation that passes through the center of the joint to which the body part attaches.

Question 6

A correct and complete biomechanical analysis of a movement or skill requires that the system of interest be operationally defined.

Question 7

The division of the body into three imaginary cardinal planes allows for a reference of biomechanical movements into three dimensions: sagittal, frontal, and transverse.

Question 8

The reference system most commonly used in biomechanics is a Cartesian coordinate system in which units are measured in the direction of one primary axes.

Question 9

Although many allied health care professionals are employing the use of video recordings, visual observation remains the most commonly used approach for qualitatively analyzing the mechanics of human movement.

Question 10

A qualitative analysis requires the progressive identification of the aspects critical to the movement or motor skill.

Question 11

External forces acting on an object impose a mechanical load on the object.

Question 12

When external loads of appropriate magnitude are applied to the body during physical activity and exercise, positive adaptations occur to the tissues and systems of the body.

Question 13

Mechanical fatigue leading to musculoskeletal disorders can be caused by excessively forceful exertions, awkward postures, localized contact loads, and repetitive motion.

Question 14

When an eccentric or nonaxial force is applied to a structure, the structure bends, creating sheer stress on one side and diffuse stress on the opposite side.

Question 15

If the amount of force applied to the body causes the deformation of the body tissues to exceed the point at which change to the structure occurs, some amount of deformation becomes permanent and is referred to as an injury.

Question 16

Clinical biomechanists work with other health care providers, such as physicians and physical and occupational therapists, to help individuals return to normal function as quickly as possible.

Question 17

Sport biomechanists work with athletic coaches to identify neuromuscular and mechanical factors associated with human movement to describe the requirements necessary for an athlete to perform at an optimal level.

Question 18

Using proper technique to perform a task often produces disabling injuries to active and supporting tissues and muscles.

Question 19

Success in throwing, hitting, or catching projectiles ultimately depends on the projectile's release velocity, angle of projection, and the height of the release.

Question 20

In most cases, high school athletic coaches use quantitative biomechanical analysis methods to affect changes in the technique of the athlete and improve the performance of the athlete during competition.

Question 21

__________ is the study of bodies, masses, and forces when they are speeding up or slowing down.

A) Static biomechanics
B) Dynamic biomechanics
C) Kinematics
D) Kinetics

Question 22

__________ was the first to view bodies as mechanical systems.

A) Aristotle
B) Archimedes
C) Marcus Aurelius
D) Galen

Question 23

__________ occurs when all points on a body move in a straight line the same distance, with no change in direction.

A) Angular motion
B) Curvilinear translation
C) Rotary motion
D) Rectilinear translation

Question 24

__________ describes the plane of the body which divides the right side from the left side.

A) Frontal
B) Sagittal
C) Transverse
D) Cortical

Question 25

__________ describes the plane of the body which divides the top half from the bottom half.

A) Frontal
B) Sagittal
C) Transverse
D) Cortical

Question 26

__________ describes the plane of the body which divides the front half from the back half.

A) Frontal
B) Sagittal
C) Transverse
D) Cortical

Question 27

__________ occurs when a structure is caused to twist around its longitudinal axis.

A) Linear motion
B) Torsion
C) Eccentric motion
D) Concentric motion

Question 28

During a biomechanical analysis of a body movement or sport skill, it is often useful to employ a fixed system of reference called:

A) an anatomical reference system.
B) a directional plane.
C) a linear motion system.
D) a spatial reference system.

Question 29

Which of the following steps in the cyclical process of an analysis of a movement skill occurs first?

A) Interpretation of the observations
B) Collection of information about the movement skill
C) Identification of the movement problem
D) Communication with the performer

Question 30

A force that tends to shorten or squeeze something, decreasing its volume is called:

A) a compressive force.
B) a tensile force.
C) a shear force.
D) a volume force.

Question 31

A physical injury to the body's tissues can result from the repeated action of relatively small forces acting on tissue, and this is called:

A) an acute injury.
B) a chronic injury.
C) a mechanistic injury.
D) a microinjury.

Question 32

The development of individualized rehabilitation techniques, wheelchair design, tissue repair, surgical techniques, and bone and tissue designs are examples of activities performed by:

A) sport biomechanists.
B) clinical biomechanists.
C) ergonomists.
D) none of the above.

Question 33

__________ work primarily to prevent workplace injuries and improve the capacity for the individual to return to work after an injury has occurred by modifying the workplace environment.

A) Ergonomists
B) Sport biomechanists
C) Clinical biomechanists
D) Physical therapists

Question 34

The __________ describes how major motor movements of the body occur at the same time so that no observable difference in time exists between the contributions of the different body segments to the performance.

A) sequential kinetic link principle
B) sequential motion principle
C) in-link principle
D) simultaneous kinetic link principle

Question 35

__________ describes how segments of the body and joint movements occur in a specific sequence.

A) Sequential kinetic link principle
B) Sequential motion principle
C) In-link principle
D) Simultaneous kinetic link principle