Deck 3: Exercise Science: A Systems Approach

Question 1

The integration of human systems provides for the coordinated control of the body environment and allows the body to respond to the various challenges encountered every day during physical activity and exercise.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The autonomic nervous system can be divided into two divisions: parasympathetic and somatic.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Endurance training results in an increase in parasympathetic nervous activity and this allows for a reduced resting heart rate.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped from the heart with each contraction.

Question 5

Skeletal muscle can only contract in response to a stimulus from the nervous system.

Question 6

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles are all under the direct control of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 7

Muscle fiber hypertrophy results in an increase in the total number of fibers within a muscle.

Question 8

Muscle fiber hyperplasia results in an increase in the size of fibers within a muscle.

Question 9

The primary minerals of the skeletal system are calcium and phosphorus.

Question 10

The bone marrow contained within the skeletal system is responsible for the formation of a number of blood cells.

Question 11

Osteoporosis is a disease condition characterized by high bone mineral density.

Question 12

Recombinant human erythropoietin increases red blood cell numbers in humans and this can lead to an improvement in aerobic endurance performance.

Question 13

Both cardiac muscle and smooth muscles respond to the input from the nervous and endocrine systems.

Question 14

Atherosclerosis is a disease process that results in an increase in blood flow to cardiac muscle.

Question 15

The pulmonary system is responsible for regulating oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood and maintaining a normal acid-base balance in the body.

Question 16

The kidneys have little control over the elimination of metabolic waste products from the body.

Question 17

The rate of absorption of carbohydrates from the digestive system can play an important role in performance during long-duration exercise such as a marathon race.

Question 18

Insulin resistance describes the condition of the body when elevated levels of blood insulin are required in order to help control blood glucose levels.

Question 19

The immune system does not improve its ability to protect the body from certain disease conditions in response to improvements in the level of physical fitness.

Question 20

Humans can only get energy from the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Question 21

Which of the following components of the nervous system experiences a decrease in the level of activity during exercise?

A) Parasympathetic component
B) Sympathetic component
C) Somatic component
D) Autonomic component

Question 22

Which of the following muscle fiber types are under direct conscious control during exercise?

A) Cardiac muscle
B) Smooth muscle
C) Skeletal muscle

Question 23

Low levels of physical activity and dietary calcium intake result in an increased risk of developing:

A) osteoporosis.
B) hematopoiesis.
C) high levels of bone mineral density.
D) muscular hyperplasia.

Question 24

The cardiovascular system plays the most important role in sporting events that require an individual to exercise for:

A) less than 10 seconds.
B) 10-30 seconds.
C) 30-60 seconds.
D) more than 60 seconds.

Question 25

Exercise-induced asthma results in:

A) an increased airflow into the lungs.
B) airway constriction.
C) an improved quality of life.
D) a decreased blood flow through the lungs.

Question 26

During exercise in hot and humid environmental conditions, the urinary system:

A) increases the excretion of waste products from the body.
B) decreases the reabsorption of electrolytes from the urine.
C) increases the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.
D) increases the blood flow through the kidneys.

Question 27

One of the most significant contributors to increasing the risk for colorectal cancer is a diet high in:

A) carbohydrates.
B) fat.
C) protein.
D) vitamins and minerals.

Question 28

Metabolic syndrome describes the clustering of several conditions of the body including:

A) excess lean body mass.
B) low levels of insulin.
C) elevated levels of triglycerides.
D) elevated levels of HDL cholesterol.

Question 29

A decrease in athletic performance due to excessive amounts of training is called overtraining syndrome and is characterized by:

A) a reduced resting heart rate.
B) an increased level of psychological readiness.
C) an increased susceptibility to illness.
D) a reduced level of the hormones epinephrine and cortisol.

Question 30

Very high intensity and very short-duration exercise relies most on which of the following energy systems?

A) Immediate energy system (ATP-CP energy system)
B) Anaerobic energy system (glycolysis-glycogenolysis)
C) Aerobic energy system (oxidative metabolism)
D) Anaerobic-aerobic system (glycolysis-glycogenolysis and oxidative metabolism)

Question 31

The best predictor of success in aerobic endurance sports is likely the:

A) ability to use protein as an energy source.
B) absolute muscular force production in the legs.
C) maximal lactate steady state.
D) range of motion in the muscles used in competition.

Question 32

During physical activity or exercise, there is a decrease in the activity of:

A) sympathetic nervous system.
B) autonomic nervous system.
C) parasympathetic nervous system.
D) sensory nervous system.

Question 33

Which of the following controls voluntary movement?

A) Somatic nervous system
B) Autonomic nervous system
C) Sympathetic nervous system
D) Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 34

__________________ occurs most frequently after unaccustomed exercise or activity that results in damage to cellular membranes and proteins in skeletal muscle.

A) Muscle fiber hypertrophy
B) Muscle fiber hyperplasia
C) Undifferentiated satellite cells
D) Delayed onset muscle soreness

Question 35

The formation and development of red blood cells is called:

A) satellite cell formation.
B) hematopoiesis.
C) cellular hypertrophy.
D) osteoporosis.

Question 36

The hormone responsible for initiating red blood cell formation is:

A) erythropoietin.
B) growth hormone.
C) thyroid hormone.
D) calcitonin.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the pulmonary system?

A) Brings oxygen into the body
B) Helps control the acid-base balance of the body
C) Eliminates carbon dioxide from the body
D) Assists with the formation of red blood cells

Question 38

Which of the following functions of the intestinal system would most likely play a positive role in long-duration exercise?

A) Increase in the gastric emptying rate
B) Decrease in food digestions
C) Reduced blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract
D) Increase in carcinogen removal

Question 39

The development and maintenance of tissue, particularly skeletal muscle, is best described as:

A) an androgenic effect.
B) an anabolic effect.
C) an ergogenic effect.
D) an exogenous effect.

Question 40

Low-intensity and long-duration exercise relies most on which of the following energy systems?

A) Immediate energy system (ATP-CP energy system)
B) Anaerobic energy system (glycolysis-glycogenolysis)
C) Aerobic energy system (oxidative metabolism)
D) Anaerobic-aerobic system (glycolysis-glycogenolysis and oxidative metabolism)