Deck 32: Fluids, Electrolytes, and Acidbase

Question 1

A client is taking a diuretic such as furosemide. When implementing client education, information about which change should be included?

A) Increased sodium levels
B) Increased potassium levels
C) Decreased potassium levels
D) Decreased oxygen levels

Answer 1

Decreased potassium levels

Question 2

A woman aged 58 years is suffering from food poisoning after eating at a local restaurant. She has had nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for the past 12 hours. Her blood pressure is 88/50 and she is diaphoretic. She requires:

A) an access route to administer medications intravenously.
B) replacement of fluids for those lost from vomiting and diarrhea.
C) an access route to replace fluids in combination with blood products.
D) intravenous fluids to be administered on an outpatient basis.

Answer 2

replacement of fluids for those lost from vomiting and diarrhea.

Question 3

Which solution is a crystalloid solution that has the same osmotic pressure as that found within the cells of the body and is used to expand the intravascular volume?

A) Hypertonic
B) Colloid
C) Isotonic
D) Hypotonic

Answer 3

Isotonic

Question 4

Which fluid should be administered slowly to prevent circulatory overload?

A) 0.9% NaCl
B) 0.45% NaCl
C) Dextrose 5%
D) 5% NaCl

Question 5

When an older adult client receiving a blood transfusion presents with an elevated blood pressure, distended neck veins, and shortness of breath, the client is most likely experiencing:

A) allergic reaction.
B) pulmonary embolism.
C) fluid overload.
D) anaphylaxis.

Question 6

The primary extracellular electrolytes are:

A) potassium, phosphate, and sulfate.
B) magnesium, sulfate, and carbon.
C) sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate.
D) phosphorous, calcium, and phosphate.

Question 7

Which client has more extracellular fluid?

A) Adult woman
B) Adolescent man
C) Female school-age child
D) Newborn

Question 8

A client with dehydration will have an increase in:

A) albumin.
B) potassium.
C) glucose.
D) aldosterone.

Question 9

A decrease in arterial blood pressure will result in the release of:

A) protein.
B) thrombus.
C) renin.
D) insulin.

Question 10

A client's atrial pressure is known to be increased. What effect will this ultimately have on the client's sodium levels?

A) Sodium levels will decrease.
B) Sodium levels will rise.
C) Sodium levels will match potassium levels.
D) Sodium levels will remain unchanged.

Question 11

Major control over the extracellular concentration of potassium within the human body is exerted by:

A) aldosterone.
B) albumin.
C) progesterone.
D) testosterone.

Question 12

Potassium is needed for neural, muscle, and:

A) optic function.
B) auditory function.
C) cardiac function.
D) skeletal function.

Question 13

When the nurse reviews the client's laboratory reports revealing sodium, 140 mEq/L; potassium, 4.1 mEq/L; calcium, 7.9 mg/dL, and magnesium, 1.9 mg/dL; the nurse should notify the physician of the client's:

A) low potassium.
B) low calcium.
C) high sodium.
D) high magnesium.

Question 14

The nurse is instructing a young woman on her dietary needs for calcium in the prevention of osteoporosis. What food supplies the greatest amount of calcium?

A) Cheese
B) Meat
C) Cauliflower
D) Salad

Question 15

A child is eating a peanut butter sandwich. He or she is ingesting an excellent source of:

A) potassium.
B) sulfate.
C) calcium.
D) magnesium.

Question 16

A client reports she has lactose intolerance and questions the nurse about alternative sources of calcium. What options can be provided by the nurse?

A) Eggs
B) Chicken
C) Apples
D) Spinach

Question 17

A nurse is educating a group of adults on dietary requirements. What food should the nurse recommend as a significant source of phosphorous?

A) Olive oil
B) Steak
C) Butter
D) Nuts

Question 18

A mother of an infant calls the pediatric nurse and asks which fluids she should provide her baby since he is suffering from diarrhea. The nurse would inform the mother not to give:

A) Pedialyte.
B) formula.
C) breast milk.
D) bottled water.

Question 19

A student has joined the marching band at the high school. The band begins practicing outside in August. This student and other band members need to be instructed that:

A) this exercise will have a minimal effect on fluid and electrolytes.
B) the band members should drink large amounts of water.
C) endurance increases as time increases on the field with heat.
D) the hot weather will assist in building them up for the marching season.

Question 20

Which age group is at risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalances resulting from fad dieting?

A) Adolescents
B) Young adults
C) Middle-age adults
D) Older adults

Question 21

Which individual will take longer to sense thirst?

A) 18-year old
B) 30-year old
C) 50-year old
D) 70-year old

Question 22

A 50-year-old client with hypertension is being treated with a diuretic. The client reports muscle weakness and falls easily. The nurse should assess which electrolyte?

A) Sodium
B) Chloride
C) Phosphorous
D) Potassium

Question 23

A client aged 80 years, who takes diuretics for management of hypertension, informs the nurse that she takes laxatives daily to promote bowel movements. The nurse assesses the client for possible symptoms of:

A) hypocalcemia.
B) hypothyroidism.
C) hypoglycemia.
D) hypokalemia.

Question 24

The nurse is reviewing the client's arterial blood gas results. The test reveals a pH of 7.52, a PaO₂ level of 49 mm Hg, and an HCO₃ level of 28 mEq/L, the nurse suspects the client is most likely experiencing which condition?

A) Metabolic alkalosis
B) Metabolic acidosis
C) Respiratory acidosis
D) Respiratory alkalosis

Question 25

A young man has developed gastric esophageal reflux disease. He is treating it with antacids. Which acid-base imbalance is he at risk for developing?

A) Respiratory alkalosis
B) Metabolic alkalosis
C) Respiratory acidosis
D) Metabolic acidosis

Question 26

The process of filtration begins at the:

A) glomerulus.
B) loop of Henle.
C) Bowman capsule.
D) collecting ducts.

Question 27

The nurse is describing the role of antidiuretic hormone in the regulation of body fluids. What phenomenon takes place when antidiuretic hormone is present?

A) The client has a decreased sensation of thirst.
B) The renal system retains more water.
C) Urine becomes more diluted.
D) The frequency of voiding increases.