Question 1

A mastery motivational climate provides an environment free from:&#10;A) an emphasis on learning and development&#10;B) celebrating personal improvement&#10;C) comparisons and punishments&#10;D) focusing on individual and collective effort

Accepted Answer

A mastery motivational climate emphasizes learning, development, personal improvement, and effort, both individually and collectively. It avoids comparisons and punishments, fostering an environment where the focus is on personal growth and mastery of tasks rather than competition or fear of failure.

Question 2

The sources of extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation are respectively:&#10;A) fear of failure, persisting in the face of failure&#10;B) from coaches, from athlete&#10;C) winning medals, achieving personal goals&#10;D) closed skills, open skills

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic motivation comes from external rewards such as winning medals, while intrinsic motivation comes from internal desires like achieving personal goals.

Question 3

It is important to make sure an athlete knows which behavior is being reinforced.

Accepted Answer

Clear communication about which specific behavior is being reinforced ensures that the athlete understands what actions lead to positive reinforcement, thereby increasing the likelihood of the desired behavior being repeated.

Question 4

Attempting to eliminate unwanted behaviors through punishment and criticism describes:&#10;A) aversive control&#10;B) positive control&#10;C) negative reinforcement&#10;D) negative control

Accepted Answer

Aversive control involves using punishment and criticism to eliminate unwanted behaviors.

Question 5

Persisting in the face of failure, improved effort, and better performance are outcomes associated with:&#10;A) correcting athletes when they consistently commit the same error&#10;B) communicating that ability is changeable rather than &#34;inborn&#34;&#10;C) the development of a motivational team climate&#10;D) behavioral-effect relationships

Accepted Answer

Communicating that ability is changeable rather than "inborn" encourages a growth mindset, which leads to persistence, improved effort, and better performance.

Question 6

Operant conditioning does not deal with which of the following?&#10;A) Antecedents&#10;B) Positive reinforcement&#10;C) Pavlov conditioning&#10;D) Punishment

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning, a concept developed by B.F. Skinner, focuses on the use of consequences to modify the occurrence and form of behavior. It does not deal with Pavlovian conditioning (also known as classical conditioning), which is a different learning process involving stimuli and responses, primarily developed by Ivan Pavlov.

Question 7

Punishment is never necessary.

Accepted Answer

Punishment can be necessary in various contexts, such as in the legal system to deter crime, in education to enforce discipline, or in parenting to teach right from wrong. Its necessity depends on the circumstances and the goals sought to be achieved.

Question 8

The priority of most coaches is to:&#10;A) Build a team which will be successful working together&#10;B) Create a good learning situation where athletes can acquire the technical skills needed to succeed as individuals and as a team&#10;C) Create a social environment where participants can experience positive interactions&#10;D) Every answer is correct

Accepted Answer

Each option (A, B, and C) represents a critical aspect of what many coaches prioritize: building a cohesive team, fostering a learning environment for skill acquisition, and creating a positive social environment. Therefore, all answers collectively represent the multifaceted priorities of most coaches.

Question 9

The positive approach is aimed at:&#10;A) measuring improvement by avoidance of mistakes&#10;B) eliminating corrective feedback&#10;C) giving feedback only when needed (during a positive occurrence)&#10;D) fostering a more positive learning environment

Accepted Answer

The positive approach focuses on creating a supportive and encouraging learning or working environment, which helps in fostering a more positive atmosphere. This approach is not about avoiding corrective feedback or only giving feedback during positive occurrences, but rather about how the feedback is framed and the overall environment is managed to encourage improvement and learning.

Question 10

Feedback is not a motivating factor for athletes when it:&#10;A) creates internal consequences by stimulating athletes to experience positive/negative feelings about themselves&#10;B) is inconsistent and/or infrequent&#10;C) results in increased self-efficacy&#10;D) corrects misconceptions

Accepted Answer

Feedback that is inconsistent and/or infrequent can demotivate athletes because it does not provide a reliable source of information for them to adjust their performance or behavior. Consistent and timely feedback is crucial for motivation and improvement.

Question 11

Punishment works by arousing:&#10;A) resentment&#10;B) desire to succeed&#10;C) fear

Accepted Answer

The answer of Punishment works by arousing:&#10;A) resentment&#10;B) desire to...

Question 12

All of the following are a type of positive reinforcement EXCEPT:&#10;A) applause&#10;B) random feedback&#10;C) verbal praise&#10;D) smiles

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are a type...

Question 13

In the positive approach, a coach would focus on measuring desired behavior vs. undesirable behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the positive approach, a coach would...

Question 14

The removal of a positive stimulus is called:&#10;A) aversive control&#10;B) response cost&#10;C) positive reinforcement&#10;D) extinction

Accepted Answer

The answer of The removal of a positive stimulus is...

Question 15

Athletes report increased team cohesion, having fun, and enjoying their teammates more when:&#10;A) a coach is trained in how to develop a mastery climate&#10;B) a coach celebrates and supports the most skilled athletes on the team&#10;C) a coach consistently adopts a negative approach to errors&#10;D) a coach is trained in how to develop an ego climate

Accepted Answer

The answer of Athletes report increased team cohesion, having fun,...

Question 16

Every time Julia forgets to follow through on her shot she has to do 10 extra ladder runs after practice. This is an example of:&#10;A) avoidance&#10;B) negative reinforcement&#10;C) punishment&#10;D) positive alternative

Accepted Answer

The answer of Every time Julia forgets to follow through...

Deck 3: A Positive Approach to Coaching Effectiveness and Performance Enhancement