Deck 13: Police and the Law

Question 1

This case established the exclusionary rule in federal courts.

A) Weeks v. United States
B) Wolf v. Colorado
C) Rochin v. California
D) Mapp v. Ohio

Answer 1

A

Question 2

This case allowed certain searches incident to arrest.

A) Chimel v. California
B) Terry v. Ohio
C) United States v. Matlock
D) Abel v. United States

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Due to the mobility of an automobile, this case allowed police to search automobiles upon probable cause but without a search warrant.

A) Florida v. Bostick
B) California v. Greenwood
C) Hester v. United States
D) Carroll v. United States

Answer 3

D

Question 4

This national survey is based on a random survey of American homes.

A) Uniform Crime Reports
B) National Crime Victimization Survey
C) U.S. Census
D) Federal Criminal Justice Survey

Question 5

Each year, police in the United States make about ____________________ million arrests for all criminal infractions except traffic violations.

A) 61.3
B) 51.0
C) 13.7
D) 6.2

Question 6

This case allowed searches, also known as "pat-downs," during field interrogations.

A) Chimel v. California
B) Terry v. Ohio
C) United States v. Matlock
D) Abel v. United States

Question 7

Which constitutional amendment states that "no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized"?

A) First
B) Fourth
C) Fifth
D) Sixth

Question 8

Which type of tactics constituted the brutal and violent methods police historically practiced to obtain confessions?

A) hammering
B) first degree
C) third degree
D) drop down

Question 9

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects against unreasonable searches and seizures?

A) First
B) Fourth
C) Fifth
D) Sixth

Question 10

This national survey is based on reports made to the police from crime victims.

A) Uniform Crime Reports
B) National Crime Victimization Survey
C) U.S. Census
D) Federal Criminal Justice Survey

Question 11

This case applied the exclusionary rule to all state courts.

A) Weeks v. United States
B) Wolf v. Colorado
C) Rochin v. California
D) Mapp v. Ohio

Question 12

This national survey lists all arrests made in the United States.

A) Uniform Crime Reports
B) National Crime Victimization Survey
C) U.S. Census
D) Federal Criminal Justice Survey

Question 13

The U.S. Supreme Court has made a significant impact on the way police do their job through its policy of:

A) judicial review
B) probable cause
C) third-degree tactics
D) silver platter doctrine

Question 14

"Evidence that may lead a reasonable person to believe that a crime has been committed and that a certain person committed it" is the definition of:

A) beyond a reasonable doubt
B) reasonable suspicion
C) probable cause
D) likely evidence

Question 15

Of all the FBI Index crimes, the one that occurs most each year is:

A) theft
B) motor vehicle theft
C) burglary
D) felonious assault

Question 16

Of all the FBI Index crimes, the one that occurs least each year is:

A) murder
B) rape
C) robbery
D) felonious assault

Question 17

This national survey is prepared by the FBI.

A) Uniform Crime Reports
B) National Crime Victimization Survey
C) U.S. Census
D) Federal Criminal Justice Survey

Question 18

This national survey is prepared by the National Institute of Justice.

A) Uniform Crime Reports
B) National Crime Victimization Survey
C) U.S. Census
D) Federal Criminal Justice Survey

Question 19

This case ruled that a person in police custody must be advised of his or her constitutional rights prior to interrogation or the information obtained can be excluded.

A) Brown v. Mississippi
B) McNabb v. United States
C) Escobedo v. United States
D) Miranda v. Arizona

Question 20

This national survey lists the number of all law enforcement employees for each reporting town, city, and county in America.

A) Uniform Crime Reports
B) National Crime Victimization Survey
C) U.S. Census
D) Federal Criminal Justice Survey

Question 21

Which of the following is not an exception to the search warrant requirement?

A) a crime scene
B) a border search
C) exigent circumstances
D) plain view

Question 22

The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution are also known as the __________

Question 23

The Crime Index Offenses Cleared section of the UCR lists the __________ for Index crimes.

Question 24

Which of the following is a violation of the Miranda ruling?

A) tape-recording unknowing suspects who were placed alone in a patrol car under arrest
B) using a jail informant to report what a suspect tells him or her
C) placing a tape recorder in an interrogation room while leaving the suspect alone
D) directly questioning the suspect about the crime while in a patrol car and en route to the jail

Question 25

The "third degree" ended as a result of what U.S. Supreme Court decision?

A) Terry v. Ohio
B) Brown v. Mississippi
C) Carroll v. United States
D) Miranda v. Arizona

Question 26

The __________ is an interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment by the U.S. Supreme Court that holds that evidence seized in violation of the U.S. Constitution cannot be used in court against a defendant.

Question 27

In __________, the Supreme Court applied the exclusionary rule to state courts.

Question 28

The right to counsel contained within the Miranda ruling applies only when the subject of an interrogation:

A) is in custody
B) is accused of a felony crime
C) has been deemed indigent
D) has made an admission of guilt

Question 29

Evidence that may lead a reasonable person to believe that a crime has been committed and that a certain person committed it is known as __________

Question 30

The Supreme Court ruled in Burdeau v. McDowell that ____________________ apply/applies only to the actions of government agents, and not to those of private citizens or private security employees.

A) county ordinances
B) local ordinances
C) state statutes
D) the Bill of Rights

Question 31

The two official measures of crime in the United States are the __________ and the __________

Question 32

If evidence is found to be in violation of the exclusionary rule, it must be __________

Question 33

Which of the following has the Supreme Court not recognized as an exigent circumstance?

A) preventing an escape
B) to render immediate aid to a person in need of assistance
C) to check an identity
D) to prevent destruction of evidence

Question 34

Which of the following is not considered an actual search by the U.S. Supreme Court?

A) stop and frisk
B) border check
C) trained drug-dog sniff
D) search after a hot pursuit

Question 35

The police identification process that involves bringing a suspect back to the scene of the crime or another place (for example, a hospital where an injured victim is) where the suspect can be seen and possibly identified by a victim or witness of a crime is called a:

A) showup
B) showdown
C) line array
D) lineup

Question 36

A border search can be made without:

A) probable cause
B) a warrant
C) any articulable suspicion
D) all of these choices

Question 37

The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that a warrantless search of a vehicle is valid if the police have probable cause to believe that the car contains evidence that they are seeking. This decision is known as the:

A) Stout doctrine
B) Carroll doctrine
C) exclusionary rule
D) fruits of the poisonous tree doctrine

Question 38

The purpose of a police inventory search of a vehicle is to:

A) recover weapons
B) recover any evidence
C) account for all the contents of the vehicle
D) look for elements of a crime

Question 39

When conducting a stop and frisk, officers may search:

A) the outer clothing of the individual
B) the outer and inner clothing of the individual
C) inside the individual's shoes
D) only inside the individual's pockets

Question 40

The Miranda ruling set out certain guidelines that the police must follow during interrogation; however, an exception to the Miranda warning allows questions to be asked:

A) to ensure the immediate safety of the public
B) regarding citizenship
C) about discarded narcotics
D) of a person under the age of 21

Question 41

Search and seizure is governed by the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

Question 42

In 1995, in Arizona v. Evans, the Supreme Court extended the "good faith" exception to the Fourth Amendment by creating a "computer errors" exception.

Question 43

In __________, the U.S. Supreme Court provided guidance to law enforcement officers in assessing how much time they are required to wait prior to making a forcible entry after knocking and announcing their presence and demanding entry in a warrant case.

Question 44

In the case of Scott v. Harris, the U.S. Supreme Court used the __________ test to determine the reasonableness of the seizure in question.

Question 45

A police officer's attempt to terminate a dangerous high-speed car chase that threatens the lives of innocent bystanders does not violate the Fourth Amendment, even when it places the fleeing motorist at risk of serious injury or death.

Question 46

A police officer can search without a warrant if consent is given by a person having authority to give such consent.

Question 47

The questioning of a person in police custody regarding his or her participation in a crime is called __________

Question 48

A __________ is the detaining of a person by a law enforcement officer for the purpose of investigation, accompanied by a superficial examination of the person's body surface or clothing to discover weapons, contraband, or other objects relating to criminal activity.

Question 49

The standard of proof that is necessary for police officers to conduct stops and frisks is known as __________

Question 50

Probable cause is the standard of proof a police officer needs to conduct a stop and frisk.

Question 51

A passenger in a vehicle has the same right as a driver to challenge the constitutionality of a traffic stop.

Question 52

An attorney is required at every lineup.

Question 53

Reasonable suspicion is the standard of proof a police officer needs to make an arrest.

Question 54

The amount of force an officer can use when making an arrest is called __________

Question 55

Arrests can be made with or without a __________

Question 56

An attorney is required at every showup.

Question 57

An equivocal or ambiguous request for counsel in a custodial interrogation case is not sufficient to force police to stop questioning a suspect and provide an attorney.

Question 58

Forced extraction of blood by a doctor from a man who is arrested for driving while intoxicated is not a violation of that man's constitutional rights.

Question 59

The pattern of brutality and violence historically used by the police to obtain confessions by suspects is known as the __________

Question 60

Search warrants are necessary for all searches by police officers.

Question 61

Explain the significance of Berghuis v. Thompkins as it concerns interrogations.

Question 62

List several of the exceptions to the warrant requirement in search and seizure cases, and cite and discuss several U.S. Supreme Court cases to illustrate the exceptions.

Question 63

Cite five cases involving the police and search and seizure. Describe how these cases led to the current search and seizure rules in the United States.

Question 64

Why do Dickerson v. United States and cases following this decision constitute important case law?

Question 65

Berghuis v. Thompkins determined that defendants must make an affirmative statement or action to expressly waive their right to remain silent or to have a lawyer present during questioning.

Question 66

What is the exclusionary rule? Describe its development. How has this rule had an impact on the police and the public?

Question 67

Describe the two methods used to measure the amount of crime in the United States, and discuss the differences between them.

Question 68

Describe the development of the requirement that one be advised of one's constitutional rights prior to police interrogation when in police custody. Cite and discuss several U.S. Supreme Court cases to show the changes in police interrogation procedures over time.

Question 69

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that suspicionless searches of parolees by law enforcement officers are unreasonable under the Fourth Amendment.

Question 70

Cite five cases involving the police and custodial interrogation. Describe how these cases led to the current custodial interrogation rules in the United States.

Question 71

Explain the significance of the Scott v. Harris decision.

Question 72

How do the Bill of Rights and the actions of the U.S. Supreme Court regulate the police?

Question 73

The U.S Supreme Court, in Kyllo v. United States, ruled that the use of a thermal imager is not considered a search under the Fourth Amendment.