Deck 14: Computers, Technology, and Criminalistics in Policing

Question 1

Marks made by fingers touching a surface after the ridges have been in contact with a colored material such as blood, paint, grease, or ink are called:

A) visible prints
B) latent prints
C) plastic prints
D) acoustic prints

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Those systems that provide information needed for supervisory, allocation, strategic, tactical, policy, and administrative decisions are:

A) administrative information systems
B) integrative information systems
C) automated administrative systems
D) management information systems

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The first police department with a computer system (in 1964) was:

A) New York City
B) San Francisco
C) Los Angeles
D) St. Louis

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The 911 emergency telephone number system was introduced by AT&T in:

A) 1968
B) 1945
C) 1973
D) 1986

Question 5

Which of the following is not one of the major issues involved in patrol allocation?

A) determining which officer to assign to each beat
B) determining the number of patrol units needed in each precinct, at each time of the day, and for each day of the week
C) designing patrol beats
D) developing policies to dispatch and redeploy patrol units

Question 6

The Violent Criminal Apprehension Program (ViCAP) database contains information on:

A) persons arrested for violent crime
B) persons wanted for violent crime
C) victims of violent crime
D) unsolved homicides

Question 7

NCIC means:

A) National Crime Investigation Center
B) National Criminal Information Center
C) National Crime Information Center
D) National Criminal Investigation Center

Question 8

The computer-aided investigation system developed for British investigators and adopted in Florida is called:

A) CATCH
B) HITS/SMART
C) HOLMES
D) SHERLOCK

Question 9

The computer database used by Washington State investigators to analyze characteristics of murders and sexual offenses is called:

A) CATCH
B) HITS/SMART
C) HOLMES
D) SHERLOCK

Question 10

The NCIC is operated by the:

A) Secret Service
B) U.S. Marshals Service
C) Federal Bureau of Investigation
D) National Criminal Justice Reference Service

Question 11

The computerized mug shot database created by the New York City Police Department and used to investigate robberies is called:

A) CATCH
B) HITS/SMART
C) HOLMES
D) SHERLOCK

Question 12

Enhanced 911 or enhanced CAD utilizes mobile digital terminals (MDTs). Which of the following is not a benefit provided by these systems?

A) direct interface between the patrol unit and local, county, state, and federal criminal justice information system computers
B) dramatic increase in response time
C) elimination of responses to non-life-threatening emergency calls
D) better coordination of all emergency agencies, since their movements can be monitored visually by both officers at the scene and dispatchers

Question 13

AFIS means:

A) automated fingerprint identification systems
B) automatic fingerprint identification systems
C) automated fingerprint information systems
D) automatic fingerprint information systems

Question 14

In 2009, the National Academy of Sciences issued a 328-page report, Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward. The report found serious problems with:

A) much of the evidence collected by patrol officers at crime scenes
B) genetic profiling
C) much of the work performed by crime laboratories in the United States
D) expired certifications of forensic examiners

Question 15

Mug shot ____________________ is a system of digitizing a picture and storing its image on a computer so that it can be retrieved at a later time.

A) digitizing
B) storing
C) imaging
D) xeroxing

Question 16

The National Crime Information Center (NCIC) collects and retrieves data about:

A) persons wanted for crimes anywhere in the United States
B) stolen and lost property
C) criminal history files
D) all of these choices

Question 17

For law enforcement purposes, the acronym CAD means:

A) computer-assisted department
B) computer-aided dispatch
C) computer-automatic dispatch
D) centralized audio dispatch

Question 18

Today, computerization is suitable for:

A) only police departments serving cities with a population of one million citizens or more
B) only police departments serving cities with a population of 100,000 or more
C) any police department, regardless of size
D) organizations such as businesses, not police departments

Question 19

In using the computerized database referred to as CATCH, detectives feed in the suspect's:

A) description and last-known location
B) description and method of operation
C) fingerprints and last-known location
D) photograph and method of operation

Question 20

Which of the following systems have not increased the ability of departments to control and monitor their patrol functions through the CAD and MDT?

A) RMS
B) GIS
C) AVL
D) ADP

Question 21

The examination of dead bodies is called forensic:

A) toxicology
B) pathology
C) physical anthropology
D) odontology

Question 22

____________________ can be used to lift prints from surfaces that often defy traditional powder or chemical techniques, including glass, paper, cardboard, rubber, wood, and even human skin.

A) Microchips
B) Robotics
C) X-rays
D) Lasers

Question 23

The analysis of poisons and other toxic substances in a person's body is called forensic:

A) toxicology
B) pathology
C) physical anthropology
D) odontology

Question 24

Thermal imaging is a form of:

A) radio communication
B) oleoresin capsicum
C) infrared technology
D) computer database programming

Question 25

Thermal imaging detectors are used:

A) to measure skid marks at crash scenes
B) for perimeter surveillance
C) to locate fugitives and for search and rescue
D) all of these choices

Question 26

_____ are devices put into police vehicles that allow the electronic transmission of messages between the police dispatcher and the officers in the field.

Question 27

What is used in the examination of blood, semen, and other body fluids?

A) ballistics
B) serology
C) criminalistics
D) chemistry

Question 28

Which of the following is not a nonlethal weapon being used by the police today?

A) chemical sprays
B) irritant sprays
C) Tasers
D) lasers

Question 29

The branch of forensic science that identifies corpses through dental examination is called forensic:

A) toxicology
B) pathology
C) physical anthropology
D) odontology

Question 30

The use of the Taser was upheld in court in:

A) Nolte v. United States
B) King v. Taser, Inc.
C) Michenfelder v. Sumner
D) Scott v. Maryland

Question 31

The first scientist to use DNA profiling in a criminal case was:

A) Alec Jeffreys
B) Joseph Wambaugh
C) Barry Scheck
D) Gerald Sheindlin

Question 32

The examination of skeletal remains is called forensic:

A) toxicology
B) pathology
C) physical anthropology
D) odontology

Question 33

What can be used in the examination of questionable signatures?

A) serology
B) criminalistics
C) chemistry
D) document analysis

Question 34

What is used in the examination of guns and bullets?

A) ballistics
B) serology
C) criminalistics
D) chemistry

Question 35

Live Scan is a(n) ____________________ scanning system.

A) ink and paper
B) optical fingerprint
C) retinal
D) data entry

Question 36

Fingerprint ridge impressions left on a soft material such as putty, wax, soap, or dust are called:

A) plastic prints
B) latent prints
C) acoustic prints
D) seated prints

Question 37

What is used in the examination of hairs, fibers, and paints?

A) ballistics
B) serology
C) criminalistics
D) chemistry

Question 38

In law enforcement, CAD stands for __________

Question 39

Deoxyribonucleic acid is otherwise known as:

A) DMA
B) DEA
C) DYA
D) DNA

Question 40

What is used in the examination of marijuana, cocaine, and heroin?

A) serology
B) criminalistics
C) chemistry
D) document analysis

Question 41

FATS stands for __________

Question 42

ViCAP stands for __________

Question 43

OC in pepper spray stands for __________

Question 44

Blood and semen evidence is analyzed by the __________ section of the crime lab.

Question 45

DNA is the abbreviation for __________

Question 46

Trace evidence is analyzed by the __________ section of the crime lab.

Question 47

__________ technology enables a print technician to enter unidentified latent prints into the computer.

Question 48

Alcohol and drugs or controlled substances are analyzed by the __________ section of the crime lab.

Question 49

NCIC stands for __________

Question 50

The forerunner in the use of modern sophisticated automated crime analysis was the New York City Police Department's __________ program.

Question 51

__________ DNA is very useful in solving cold cases due to its hardiness and ability not to break down easily.

Question 52

__________ prints are the result of the process of rolling each finger onto a ten-print card using fingerprinting ink.

Question 53

The __________ is a handheld electronic stun gun that discharges a high-voltage, low-amperage, pulsating current via tiny wires and darts, which can be fired from up to 15 feet away.

Question 54

__________ is the science of identifying, collecting, preserving, documenting, examining, analyzing, and presenting evidence from computers, computer networks, and other electronic devices.

Question 55

Handwriting analysis is performed by the __________ section of the crime lab.

Question 56

Gun and bullet evidence is analyzed by the __________ section of the crime lab.

Question 57

CAI stands for __________

Question 58

__________ prints are fingerprint impressions left at a crime scene.

Question 59

__________ is that part of science applied to answering legal questions.

Question 60

__________ is one branch of forensic science that deals with the study of physical evidence related to crime.

Question 61

It is impossible to change one's fingerprints.

Question 62

Police officers with in-car data access technology make more than eight times as many inquiries on driving records, vehicle registrations, and wanted persons or property per eight-hour shift than do officers without in-car computers.

Question 63

Age-progression photographs are prepared by forensic artists rather than computers.

Question 64

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of less-than-lethal weapons in policing.

Question 65

Because computer-aided investigation systems have not proven to be very effective in the criminal investigation process, they are being abandoned by many police departments in the United States.

Question 66

Discuss the latest innovations in the examination of fingerprints.

Question 67

The latest in night vision technology includes infrared (IR) technology and thermal imaging (TI). This technology requires no light at all to see objects in total darkness.

Question 68

The Violent Criminal Apprehension Program (ViCAP) is maintained by DHS.

Question 69

Automated fingerprint identification systems began to be developed in the 1980s.

Question 70

Discuss the many ways in which the computer is revolutionizing police work.

Question 71

PCR-STR procedures for the analysis of DNA evidence allow samples that have degraded or broken down to be analyzed.

Question 72

ViCAP contains information on all unsolved crimes in the United States.

Question 73

Mitochondrial DNA is more useful for identification than nuclear DNA.

Question 74

Lasers can be used to lift fingerprints from surfaces that often defy traditional powder or chemical techniques, including glass, paper, cardboard, rubber, wood, plastic, leather, and even human skin.

Question 75

Discuss the history of the use of DNA in courts and explain its status in courts today.

Question 76

Computers have not yet been used for patrol allocation operations.

Question 77

There are six classifications of fingerprints.

Question 78

Composite sketches of suspects can be prepared by computers without the assistance of a police artist.

Question 79

Less-than-lethal technology is the perfect weapon available that will immediately stop unlawful resistance and will cause absolutely no harm to the receiver.

Question 80

The BlackBerry can be loaded with specialized law enforcement programs allowing the user to query the NCIC database as well as other state and motor vehicle department databases.