Deck 9: Annelids, Nematoda, Echinoderms, Primates, Biodiversity, and Speciation

Question 1

From the list provided, select those that are considered prezygotic isolating mechanisms.

A) Habitat isolation
B) Behavioral isolation
C) Zygotic mortality
D) F₂ fitness
E) Gamete isolation

Answer 1

Habitat isolation
Behavioral isolation
Gamete isolation

Question 2

From the list provided, select all statements that relate to mass extinction.

A) It occurs in a short period of time.
B) It impacts only one species.
C) It is a global event.
D) It is an isolated event.

Answer 2

It occurs in a short period of time.
It is a global event.

Question 3

From the list provided, select all statements that relate to protists.

A) They are prokaryotes.
B) They are able to ingest food.
C) They undergo photosynthesis.
D) They are multicellular.

Answer 3

They are able to ingest food.
They undergo photosynthesis.

Question 4

The endosymbiotic theory process consists of two phases. From the list provided, select the two phases.

A) Internal modifications that result in the formation of the nucleus.
B) The replication of genetic material.
C) The formation of the internal membranes.
D) The formation of the cell wall.

Question 5

From the list provided, select the characteristics of all fungi.

A) Eukaryotic
B) Utilize photosynthesis
C) Saprophytic
D) Asexual and sexual reproduction

Question 6

From the list provided, select the characteristics that all plants have.

A) Multicellular
B) Utilize photosynthesis
C) Alternation of generation life cycle
D) Vascular tissue

Question 7

From the list provided, select all statements that describe annelids.

A) They have a mouth, digestive and nervous systems.
B) They absorb their nutrients through their skin.
C) They are segmented.
D) They have a hydroskeleton.
E) They have radial symmetry.

Question 8

To demonstrate your understanding of the phylum Nematoda, from the list provided, select all statements that characterize roundworms.

A) They have a false body cavity.
B) They have a mouth and an anus.
C) They lack a reproductive system.
D) They have a ventral nerve cord.

Question 9

Sea stars are in the phylum Echinoderms. From the list provided, select the characteristics that are observed in this phylum.

A) They prey on molluscs.
B) Most have radial symmetry.
C) They are pseudoceolomates.
D) They have an incomplete nervous system.

Question 10

Which two characteristics separate primates from other mammals?

A) Hair
B) Mammary glands
C) Opposable thumbs
D) Larger brain

Question 11

From the list provided, select the two criteria that are used to classify an area as a biodiversity hotspot.

A) Possess at least 1,500 endemic vascular plants
B) Have less than 30% of its original vegetation remaining
C) It has an average rainfall of 60 inches per year
D) It must be located along the equator

Question 12

Species that are defined based on their placement on an evolutionary tree is referred to as the ______ species concept.

Question 13

The International Union for the Conservation of Nature considers the loss of ______ populations a form of extinction.

Question 14

______ are prokaryotes that are either photoautotrophs or chemoheterotrophs and are further classified by their shape and DNA similarities.

Question 15

Some protists like ______ are able to form colonies of cells.

Question 16

The newest level of classification in the domain Eukarya is called the ______. This allows for further division based on genetic information.

Question 17

Thinking of the adaptations involved in the evolution of plants, ______represented a more efficient means of reproduction over spores.

Question 18

The ______ is our current geological time frame that focuses on the human activity and the loss of diversity.

Question 19

Which evidence shifted fungi from being classified as plants to being placed in the supergroup Opisthokonta?

A) Fungi do not utilize photosynthesis.
B) Based on DNA sequence data, fungi are more closely related to animals.
C) Fungi spores may have flagella that allow for movement.
D) Fungi evolved before plants.

Question 20

Biodiversity hotspots only cover 2.4% of the world's surface. If we were to lose these areas, we would also lose approximately ______of all plants, and ______ of all animal species.

A) 50%; 42%
B) 25%; 50%
C) 75%; 40%
D) 35%; 60%

Question 21

Biodiversity is determined by the number of ______ in an area.

A) species
B) communities
C) abiotic factors
D) species interactions

Question 22

Where are species placed in the hierarchy of biological organization?

A) Between organism and population
B) Between population and community
C) Between community and ecosystem
D) At the end, after ecosystem.

Question 23

A species is defined as one that

A) is reproductively isolated from other species.
B) is isolated based on geographical barriers.
C) interacts at any level with others within a community.
D) contributes to the health of an ecosystem.

Question 24

Currently, scientists estimate there are approximately ______ known species on the planet.

A) 5 million
B) 2 million
C) 100 thousand
D) 500 thousand

Question 25

Of the total number of identified species, approximately how many of these are plants?

A) 391,000
B) 33,000
C) 3,100
D) 140,000

Question 26

New species form over time in response to

A) adaptations that allow for survival in different environments.
B) events that promote rapid changes in a species.
C) isolation of organisms from one another.
D) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 27

Major extinction events occur

A) as a result of punctuated events.
B) as a result of gradual events.

Question 28

Charles Darwin observed multiple species of finch on the Galápagos islands. He proposed they adapted over time to different habitats of the islands. This is an example of the ______ model of speciation.

A) gradualistic
B) punctuated equilibrium

Question 29

The ______ model of speciation results in rapid speciation with a period of no change being interruption by events.

A) gradualistic
B) punctuated equilibrium

Question 30

Charles Darwin stated that species of finch evolved due to their different locations on the Galápagos islands. This is a type of ______ speciation.

A) allopatric
B) sympatric

Question 31

If two plants mate to produce a hybrid, and the hybrid is able to reproduce between other hybrids, this will result in a new species. This is an example of ______ speciation.

A) allopatric
B) sympatric

Question 32

There are two basic categories that prevent reproduction and therefore prevent speciation. If hybrid offspring survives but is sterile this is an example of

A) prezygotic isolation.
B) postzygotic isolation.

Question 33

Which extinction period results in the evolution of the first mammals and dinosaurs appearing and forests of conifers and cycades dominate the land?

A) 83% of all species on land and sea die
B) 50% of coastal marine species, including coral
C) 48% of all species, including corals and ferns
D) 57% of marine species

Question 34

Which statement best describes the number of evolutionary events?

A) There have been 5 major extinction events and the 6th is in progress.
B) There have been 3 major extinction events and the 4th is in progress.
C) There have been 3 major extinction events and there will be no future events.
D) There have been 5 major extinction events and there will be no future events.

Question 35

Phylogenetic trees relate organisms

A) based on homologous structures.
B) based on their evolutionary relationships.
C) using their ribosomal RNA.
D) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 36

Which of the two domains are mostly closely related to one another?

A) Archaea and Bacteria
B) Archaea and Eukarya
C) Eukarya and Bacteria

Question 37

A split between organisms in a phylogenetic tree is represented by a

A) node.
B) root.
C) stem.
D) fork.

Question 38

Mass extinction accounts for almost ______ of species that have gone extinct. This is much greater than background extinction.

A) 85%
B) 60%
C) 25%
D) 5%

Question 39

What caused the Permian mass extinction, which resulted in a 95% extinction rate?

A) Volcanic activity
B) Asteroid impact
C) Comet impact
D) Rapid climate change

Question 40

We are currently in the 6th mass extinction. What is causing this extinction?

A) Volcanic activity
B) Asteroid impact
C) Comet impact
D) Human-induced climate change

Question 41

What percentage of amphibians do scientists predict will be lost during the current mass extinction?

A) 33%
B) 12%
C) 68%
D) 21%

Question 42

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a prokaryote?

A) Single-celled organisms
B) Plasma membrane
C) Nucleus
D) Ribosomes

Question 43

Which structure of the prokaryotic cell allows for cell locomotion?

A) Ribosomes
B) Nucleoid
C) Flagellum
D) Capsule

Question 44

Prokaryotic cells can be defined by their metabolic abilities. A chemoheterotroph is an organism that uses ______ for energy.

A) organic material
B) inorganic compounds
C) the sun

Question 45

What is the main reproductive process used by prokaryotic that results in two identical cells?

A) Binary fission
B) Mitosis
C) Meiosis
D) Fragmentation

Question 46

What were the two key events needed for the first cells to evolve?

A) the formation of the plasma membrane and genetic material
B) the formation of the cell wall and genetic material
C) the formation of a capsule and the plasma membrane
D) the formation of the pilus and the flagella

Question 47

For protists to have evolved during the Precambrian period, approximately 800 MYA,

A) the earth's atmosphere must have contained oxygen.
B) the earth's atmosphere was still without oxygen.
C) the earth's atmosphere consisted mainly hydrogen sulfide.
D) the earth's atmosphere consisted mainly of methane.

Question 48

Which supergroup consists of protists that have a reduced mitochondria, or have lost their mitochondria, and a long oral feeding grove?

A) Excavata
B) Rhizaria
C) Amoebozoa
D) Opisthokonta

Question 49

Which supergroup consists of dinoflagellates and parasitic sporozoans?

A) Excavata
B) Rhizaria
C) Chromalveolata
D) Opisthokonta

Question 50

Which supergroup consists of organisms with external structures that consist of calcium carbonate or silicon?

A) Excavata
B) Rhizaria
C) Chromalveolata
D) Opisthokonta

Question 51

Fungi

A) are believed to out number plants species.
B) species have all been discovered.
C) are nonessential to the growth of other organisms.
D) are so abundant that they will never be on the endangered species list.

Question 52

Fungi are saprobes. This means they

A) absorb dead or decaying material for nutrients.
B) ingest any organic nutrients using pseudopods.
C) utilize sunlight to make their energy.

Question 53

Asexual reproduction in fungi produces a ______, while sexual reproduction in fungi produces a ______.

A) sporangium; zygote
B) zygote; sporangium
C) plasmodium; blastula
D) blastula; plasmodium

Question 54

Sexual reproduction in fungi is through a process called ______ that results the formation of a zygote.

A) nuclear fusion
B) binary fission
C) mitosis
D) sporulation

Question 55

Which fungi phyla consists of over 92,000 identified species and 49 of those are threatened or endangered?

A) Zygomycota
B) Ascomycota
C) Basidiomycota

Question 56

Shelf fungus are found in the phyla

A) Zygomycota.
B) Ascomycota.
C) Basidiomycota.

Question 57

Black bread mold is found in the phyla

A) Zygomycota.
B) Ascomycota.
C) Basidiomycota.

Question 58

Plants

A) supply us with food and fuel.
B) are part of the carbon, water, nitrogen, and phosphorous cycles.
C) are used for medicines.
D) All answer choices are correct.

Question 59

In the alternations of generations life cycle, the zygote divides to produce a ______, and a spore divides to produce a ______.

A) sporophyte; gametophyte
B) gametophyte; sporophyte

Question 60

Which aquatic green algae is known as the common ancestor of plants?

A) Charophyte
B) Lichen
C) Mosses
D) Lycophytes

Question 61

In the alternation of generation life cycle, which generation is dominant that supports vascular tissue?

A) Gametophyte
B) Sporophyte

Question 62

Which group of plants lack vascular tissue and include mosses, hornworts, and liverworts?

A) Bryophytes
B) Pterophytes
C) Gymnosperms
D) Angiosperms

Question 63

Which group of plants have naked-seeds and consists of ginkgos, cycads, and conifers?

A) Bryophytes
B) Pterophytes
C) Gymnosperms
D) Angiosperms

Question 64

______ were the first plants to have leaves called microphylls and vascular tissue.

A) Lycophytes
B) Bryophytes
C) Angiosperms
D) Gymnosperms

Question 65

Invertebrates are separated from vertebrates by not

A) having a backbone.
B) conducting cellular respiration.
C) producing offspring by sexual reproduction.
D) being affected by the extinction crisis.

Question 66

All animals

A) lack cell walls.
B) are diploid adults that produce haploid gametes for reproduction.
C) are motile and ingest their food.
D) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 67

The major body plans of animals were established ______ MYA.

A) 500
B) 600
C) 200
D) 1,000

Question 68

Which structure of the sponge is close in structure to the choanoflagellates?

A) Collar cells
B) Amoeboid cells
C) Epidermal cells
D) Central cavity

Question 69

Which phylum is the only one with members that exhibit radial symmetry and the first to have True tissue?

A) Porifera
B) Cnidaria
C) Platyhelminthes
D) Molluca

Question 70

Jellyfish were the first to evolve with True tissues. This led to a(an)

A) increase in specialized cells.
B) increase in motility.
C) decrease in asexual reproduction.
D) decrease in evolutionary advances.

Question 71

Coral, cnidarians with a symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic protist, are currently listed as a threated with ______ species of concern.

A) 868
B) 7,000
C) 180
D) 600

Question 72

Which phylum was the first to exhibit bilateral symmetry with a distinct head with sensory organs?

A) Porifera
B) Cnidaria
C) Platyhelminthes
D) Molluca

Question 73

Internal body cavities is an important evolutionary event. The first body cavity observed in flatworms is called (a)an

A) acoelomate.
B) pseudocoelomate.
C) coelomate.

Question 74

Molluscs were the first organisms to have a(an) ______ body plan and well-developed organ systems.

A) acoelomate
B) pseudocoelomate
C) coelomate

Question 75

Molluscs account for ______ of animals lost over the past few hundred years.

A) 41%
B) 25%
C) 10%
D) 72%

Question 76

When comparing annelids to other worms, they are more advanced in that they

A) have a true body cavity and organ systems.
B) have a false organ system but still have some internal organs.
C) have the ability to absorb nutrients through their skin.

Question 77

The Oregon Giant earthworm is currently on the threatened list due to

A) agricultural development.
B) climate change.
C) invasive species.
D) pollution.

Question 78

Which organ system was first observed in the body plan of nematodes?

A) Reproductive system
B) Digestive system
C) Nervous system
D) Secretory system

Question 79

Which phylum has been the most successful animal on the planet, with over 1 million species?

A) Arthropods
B) Porifera
C) Cnidarians
D) Nematodes

Question 80

Which of the following is not found in any of the described categories of arthropods?

A) Starfish
B) Shrimp
C) Butterflies
D) Spiders