Deck 19: Democracy, Anti-Imperialism, and the Economic Crisis After the First World War

Question 1

All of the following are examples of the postwar advance of political democracy except:

A) when Britain adopted universal male suffrage in 1918.
B) when French and Italian women received the right to vote in 1920.
C) when female suffrage became general in the U.S. in 1920.
D) when the new states that emerged from the war adopted universal suffrage.

Answer 1

when French and Italian women received the right to vote in 1920.

Question 2

Which of the following best characterizes the economic conditions immediately after the First World War?

A) The wartime growth of industry and expansion of agriculture made economic reconversion from war to peace easy.
B) Careful government planning enabled most of the European countries to make a relatively painless transition to peacetime conditions.
C) Both victors and losers suffered a sharp economic depression.
D) Farms and factories geared to maximum production for the postwar era, and there was a sudden rise of new markets.

Answer 2

Both victors and losers suffered a sharp economic depression.

Question 3

During the 1920s, which of the following states was an exception to democratic rule in Europe?

A) France
B) Italy
C) Germany
D) Britain

Answer 3

Italy

Question 4

In eastern Europe, the middle class of business and professional people was small except in:

A) Austria and Bohemia.
B) Hungary and Serbia.
C) Bulgaria and Romania.
D) Poland and Hungary.

Question 5

The greatest of the reforms undertaken by the new eastern European states was the reform of landownership that had least success in:

A) the Baltic states.
B) Czechoslovakia and Romania.
C) Poland and Hungary.
D) Bulgaria and Greece.

Question 6

The land reforms in eastern Europe did not solve basic economic problems:

A) because peasant owners lacked capital, agricultural skill, and knowledge of markets.
B) because the new farms were too large for peasants to manage.
C) because social production provided farmers with few incentives.
D) because markets failed to develop for peasant crops.

Question 7

In Germany, after the emperor and the High Command of the army fled in November 1918, the political leaders in charge of affairs were the:

A) Spartacists.
B) Social Democrats.
C) Freikorps.
D) Conservatives.

Question 8

One reason the German Revolution of 1918 failed to take a radical turn like the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 was because the Social Democrats who took power:

A) were revisionist Marxists whose Marxism was tamed and toned down.
B) were focused on imposing a communist dictatorship of the proletariat in Germany.
C) were more skeptical of the Right than of the Left.
D) were careless and launched audacious new social experiments.

Question 9

In January 1919, who attempted to overthrow the German government and unleash a left-wing revolution?

A) The German trade unions
B) The Spartacists
C) The Social Democratic Party
D) The Catholic Center Party

Question 10

All of the following were true of the Weimar Republic except that:

A) the parliament was elected through proportional representation.
B) all the adults, including women, received the right to vote.
C) the eight-hour workday was legalized.
D) the steel and coal industries were nationalized.

Question 11

Which of the following is true of the results of the ruinous inflation in Germany during the French occupation of the Ruhr in 1923?

A) It resulted in a social revolution far greater than the one brought about by the fall of the Hohenzollern Empire.
B) It resulted in the pauperization and demoralization of the middle class.
C) It resulted in the creation of a moral void and loss of faith in society itself.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 12

Which of the following was a result of the Locarno treaties of 1925?

A) Germany signed a treaty with France and Belgium guaranteeing their respective frontiers.
B) Germany signed a treaty with Poland and Czechoslovakia guaranteeing their respective frontiers.
C) Britain signed a treaty with Belgium and France guaranteeing their respective frontiers.
D) France signed a treaty with Belgium and Luxembourg guaranteeing their respective frontiers.

Question 13

The 1928 Pact of Paris strengthened international harmony by committing sixty-five nations to:

A) a cooling-off period before waging war.
B) condemn recourse to war for the solution of international controversies.
C) consult with the League of Nations before waging war.
D) agree to abide by League decisions on matters in dispute.

Question 14

Nationalist revolts in Asia against European powers:

A) rejected everything European.
B) embraced European science, industry, and organization while rejecting Western supremacy.
C) accepted the supremacy of everything European.
D) resisted modernization and the influence of European science, industry, and organization.

Question 15

During the First World War, the German concessions in China were transferred to the:

A) Americans.
B) Russians.
C) Japanese.
D) British.

Question 16

Which of the following occurred in Turkey during Mustapha Kemal's leadership?

A) The capital of Turkey was moved from Ankara to Istanbul.
B) The European calendar and the metric system were replaced.
C) Men were prohibited by law from wearing the fez.
D) Women were urged to put aside the veil.

Question 17

In Persia, Reza Shah Pahlavi sought:

A) to halt the modernization of the country.
B) agreements with the British government.
C) to maintain concessions and spheres of influence.
D) to assert greater control over oil and the activities of foreign corporations.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true about Mahatma Gandhi's tactics in his struggle to free India from British rule?

A) He joined the partially representative institutions introduced by the British.
B) He advocated an aggressive, violent approach.
C) He favored civil disobedience and the boycott as methods.
D) He encouraged all forms of industrialism.

Question 19

India's struggle for independence concluded:

A) only after the end of the First World War.
B) with the partition of the subcontinent between Hindus and Muslims.
C) with the triumph of the Marxists over the nationalists.
D) only when military force was used to integrate the princely states.

Question 20

According to Sun Yat-sen, the Chinese were a great nation, but they:

A) needed to participate more democratically in politics.
B) had to learn the importance of clan and family.
C) should have adopted the principles of Marxism.
D) lacked cohesion and had been "a sheet of loose sand."

Question 21

After the Chinese failed at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 to obtain any modification of the imperialistic treaty system, they turned to _____ for help.

A) the United States
B) Britain
C) Japan
D) Russia

Question 22

The Chinese Red Army was formed when:

A) Chiang Kai-shek made the Guomindang surrender its extraterritorial privileges.
B) Chiang Kai-shek made alliances with the Communists.
C) Chiang Kai-shek resumed his northern offensive.
D) Chiang Kai-shek purged Communists and Russian advisors from the Guomindang.

Question 23

Almost all European countries enjoyed economic expansion during the 1920s, but the expansion was most phenomenal in:

A) Great Britain.
B) the Soviet Union.
C) the United States.
D) Canada.

Question 24

The acute phase of the Great Depression, which began in 1929, was made worse by the chronic background of global agricultural distress because:

A) the wartime Allies defaulted on their debts.
B) there were unprecedented tariff barriers.
C) of the creation of the imperial tariff union.
D) there was no reserve of purchasing power on the farms.

Question 25

The Great Depression brought about:

A) a new genre of proletarian literature.
B) a movement toward the free convertibility of currencies.
C) an increase in multilateral trade among nations.
D) a significant reduction in international trade tariffs.

Question 26

Many of the authors of realist literature believed that:

A) the Depression was the result of the flaws of a capitalist system.
B) the only solution to the Depression was increased economic nationalism.
C) communism acted as a barrier to economic security.
D) avant-garde literature brought to light the suffering of impoverished workers.

Question 27

To what extent did democracy triumph during the 1920s? What problems did it face, particularly in eastern Europe? Where did it fail?

Question 28

Describe and evaluate the diplomatic efforts made during the 1920s to resolve postwar European tensions.

Question 29

Despite international humiliations and economic disasters, Germany avoided a revolution and attained a degree of stability as a democracy after the end of the First World War. How was this possible?

Question 30

How did Europe attempt to counter and remedy the effects of the Great Depression? How successful were these attempts?

Question 31

Compare and contrast the anti-imperialist movements in India and China during the 1920s and 1930s.

Question 32

What were the land reforms undertaken by the new eastern European states after the First World War?

Question 33

How did the new eastern European states attempt to modernize themselves after the First World War? How successful were they?

Question 34

How democratic was the Weimar Republic?

Question 35

In what ways did inflation bring about a social revolution in Germany?

Question 36

How did the Russian Revolution stimulate anti-imperialism in Asia?

Question 37

Describe the efforts made by governments to break down the rising economic barriers caused by the Great Depression.

Question 38

How did economic nationalism, one of the most marked responses to the Great Depression, impact the world market?