Deck 10: Napoleonic Europe

Question 1

All of the following are true about the Napoleonic Era except:

A) Napoleon surpassed all previous European rulers in imposing political unity on the European continent.
B) Europe was transformed not only through resistance to Napoleon but through collaboration in his reforms.
C) the fighting during the period amounted to a world war involving not only Europe but America.
D) England, Prussia, Austria, and Russia allied against Napoleon from 1799 onward and resisted defeat by the French until 1812.

Answer 1

England, Prussia, Austria, and Russia allied against Napoleon from 1799 onward and resisted defeat by the French until 1812.

Question 2

The only country that remained continually at war with France from 1792 to 1814, with the exception of a year of peace from 1802 to 1803, was _____.

A) Austria
B) Great Britain
C) Prussia
D) Russia

Answer 2

Great Britain

Question 3

The main accomplishment of the First Coalition against Napoleon was:

A) the conquest of Alsace and Lorraine.
B) the dissolution of the Polish state.
C) the expulsion of the French from northern Italy.
D) the conquest of Corsica.

Answer 3

the dissolution of the Polish state.

Question 4

Why did the year of peace between France and the rest of Europe turn to war?

A) The British gave it no chance, using the interim to build up an anti-French coalition while plotting to seize Haiti.
B) Napoleon gave it no chance, using the peace to aggressively advance his interests in Italy, Germany, and Haiti.
C) The Austrians and Prussians gave it no chance, aggressively advancing their interests in northern Italy and Poland.
D) The Russians gave it no chance, seizing sections of Poland and allying with the kingdom of Naples against Napoleon.

Question 5

A major reason that the Third Coalition against Napoleon failed to defeat him was that _____.

A) Britain failed to provide sufficient financial subsidies
B) Prussia refused to join until it was too late
C) Russia refused to commit more than a token force
D) Austria refused to allow Russian and Prussian troops to cross its territory

Question 6

The Third Coalition dissolved when _____.

A) Britain made a separate peace with Napoleon after its great victory at Trafalgar
B) Prussia and Austria defected following Prussia's defeat at Jena and Auerstädt
C) Napoleon defeated all his enemies in decisive battles at Austerlitz, Jena, Auerstädt, and Friedland
D) Frederick III of Prussia withdrew from the coalition in 1807

Question 7

Napoleon dissolved the Holy Roman Empire and replaced it with:

A) the Continental System.
B) the Grand Duchy of Warsaw.
C) the Confederation of the Rhine.
D) the French empire, which annexed all of Germany west of the Oder River.

Question 8

Napoleon was determined to subdue the British using his political control of Europe to:

A) raise a multinational army to invade Britain.
B) destroy British trade with Europe.
C) draw the British into a war in Spain.
D) offer a generous peace treaty to Britain.

Question 9

In 1806, Napoleon issued the Berlin decree and established the "Continental System," which was:

A) a military alliance directed against Russia.
B) a military alliance directed against the Roman Empire.
C) an attempt to ruin Britain economically by forbidding the import of British goods into Europe.
D) an attempt by France to defeat England at sea through a pooling of all the resources of the continent in a shipbuilding scheme.

Question 10

By the end of 1809, the Habsburg empire had done all of the following except:

A) proclaim a "war of liberation" against Napoleon.
B) disintegrate into civil war after its the fourth defeat by Napoleon.
C) cede parts of Dalmatia, Slovenia, and Croatia to the French empire after its fourth defeat.
D) fail to obtain the support of the German states.

Question 11

Territorially, Napoleon's influence reached its peak in 1811, when he dominated the entire European mainland except:

A) the Balkan peninsula.
B) Switzerland.
C) Sweden.
D) the Iberian peninsula.

Question 12

In general, Napoleonic domination included all of the following except:

A) military conquest and occupation by French troops.
B) creation of a satellite government with the support of local collaborators.
C) the imposition of equality and the abolition of special privileges in taxation, officeholding, and military command.
D) the careful crafting of reform legislation to fit local conditions.

Question 13

In his empire, Napoleon supported "constitutions" and considered himself "enlightened" because he:

A) favored representative assemblies.
B) supported the concept of limited government.
C) wanted elections and democracy.
D) wanted government to be rationally constituted and believed in the rule of law.

Question 14

In his Grand Empire, Napoleon's policy toward religion included all of the following except:

A) the abolition of Church courts.
B) the abolition of tithes to the church.
C) the confiscation of church property.
D) the toleration of all religions except Judaism.

Question 15

In order to unify his European empire, Napoleon:

A) stressed the cosmopolitan doctrines of the enlightenment of the age.
B) championed a common struggle against medievalism and obscurantism.
C) aroused anti-British feelings among all Europeans.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 16

Napoleon resorted to all of the following measures to enforce the Continental System except:

A) the stimulation of infant industries.
B) the creation of a common Continental tariff union.
C) the expansion of sugar beet production.
D) the construction of many improved roads to facilitate trade.

Question 17

The product Europeans were least able to replace once the Continental System went into force was:

A) British hardware.
B) British woolens.
C) silk and cotton goods.
D) sugar.

Question 18

The Continental System failed because:

A) without railroads, land transportation was inadequate for the needs of commerce.
B) of tariff barriers between France and other European states.
C) British control of the Baltic Sea prevented eastern European landowners from marketing their produce.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 19

In the context of anti-French nationalism, Spanish nationalism drew its greatest strength from:

A) sentiments that were counterrevolutionary, aiming to restore the clergy and the Bourbons.
B) a profound national solidarity between people of different social classes.
C) dislocation, misery, unemployment, and revolutionary agitation among a small minority caused by the Industrial Revolution.
D) a patriotic need for resistance to Napoleon Bonaparte.

Question 20

In the context of cultural nationalism, which of the following is a view of J.G. Herder?

A) All true culture or civilization must arise from the imitation of foreign ways.
B) All true culture or civilization must arise from the life of the common people.
C) All true culture or civilization must arise from the cosmopolitan life of the upper classes.
D) All true culture or civilization must arise from German culture, which he believed to be the best.

Question 21

The reconstruction of the Prussian state, prerequisite to the reconstruction of the army, was initiated by Baron Stein where he:

A) abolished serfdom but at the cost of antagonizing the Junker class.
B) freed the peasants but gave them no land.
C) created a class of small landowners similar to the French peasantry.
D) abolished serfdom but still subjected the peasants to forced labor on the landlords' fields.

Question 22

Napoleon invaded Russia in 1812 because:

A) Russia attacked and conquered the Grand Duchy of Warsaw.
B) Russia withdrew from the Continental System.
C) he coveted the vast breadbasket of the Ukraine.
D) Alexander I had humiliated him by refusing his offer of marriage to the tsar's sister.

Question 23

Viscount Castlereagh was able to construct the Quadruple Alliance of 1814, thus ensuring the defeat of Napoleon by:

A) promising large British subsidies to the allies.
B) renegotiating the Frankfurt proposals with Metternich.
C) offering Prussia and Russia territorial concessions in the west.
D) threatening to sign a bilateral pact with Metternich.

Question 24

The first Treaty of Paris , which made peace with a defeated France, _____.

A) permitted France to retain Belgium, Holland, and the Rhine frontier
B) forced France to relinquish the works of art stolen from other countries during the wars
C) restored the Habsburg dynasty to the throne of France
D) imposed no indemnity or reparations on France

Question 25

Which of the following is true of the first Treaty of Paris?

A) It imposed heavy indemnity and reparations on France.
B) It forced France to cede the works of art gathered from Europe during wars to other countries.
C) It confined France to its prewar boundaries of 1792.
D) It decided to handicap the French monarchy as per the desire of the four great powers of Europe.

Question 26

Which of the following is a measure taken by the Congress of Vienna that assembled in September 1814 to discourage a renewal of French pressure upon Germany and Italy?

A) The Bourbons were restored in the kingdom of Naples.
B) Almost all the German left bank of the Rhine was ceded to Prussia.
C) The Spanish were firmly installed in Italy.
D) A Polish kingdom was reconstituted with Alexander I as the constitutional king.

Question 27

Which of the following is true of the Congress of Vienna, which was held from 1814 to 1815?

A) It revived the kingdom of the Netherlands as the Dutch Republic.
B) It erected a barrier of strong states along the French eastern frontier.
C) It separated the old Austrian Netherlands from the house of Orange.
D) It ceded almost all the German left bank of the Rhine to Great Britain.

Question 28

The second Treaty of Paris that was imposed on France after Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo:

A) was more lenient than the first Treaty of Paris.
B) imposed an army of occupation in northeastern France.
C) removed all foreign troops from France.
D) eliminated indemnities.

Question 29

Which of the following is true of the Holy Alliance devised by Alexander I?

A) It proposed a solid coalition of the four powers of Europe against France.
B) It proposed that the European state system be restored and that independent states exist without fear of conquest.
C) It was probably sincerely meant by Alexander as a condemnation of violence.
D) It signified a kind of unholy alliance of monarchies against liberty and progress.

Question 30

By devising a scheme called the Holy Alliance, Alexander I proposed that:

A) Christianity be mixed with politics.
B) all European monarchs sign a statement by which they promise to uphold Christian principles of charity and peace.
C) all European conflicts over the control of colonial territories in Asia be ended.
D) a new balance of power, the "liberties of Europe," be established through which a lasting peace can be made.

Question 31

Which of the following is true of the Peace of Vienna?

A) It was illiberal in its day and was entirely reactionary.
B) It resumed the European conquests of territories in Asia and the Americas.
C) It provided the most resentment in France, where very few people were willing to accept the new arrangements.
D) It gave no satisfaction to nationalists and democrats, and it was a disappointment even to many liberals, especially in Germany.

Question 32

The French impact on Europe between 1792 and 1814 represented more than mere forcible subjugation. Innovations of the kind made in France by revolution were brought to other countries by administrative decree. Discuss these innovations and analyze their impact on Europe between 1792 and 1814.

Question 33

Describe the rise and fall of the Continental System.

Question 34

Four coalitions were created to contend with Napoleonic expansionism. Why was only the last coalition successful?

Question 35

In your opinion, was Napoleon's empire beneficial or harmful for Europe in the end?

Question 36

Napoleon's rise was meteoric, but his fall was equally dramatic. What were the major reasons for the collapse of his empire?

Question 37

How did Britain and Russia benefit from the collapse of the Napoleonic Empire?

Question 38

The peace settlement of 1814-1815, including the Treaty of Vienna, the treaties of Paris, and the British colonial settlement, was the most far-reaching diplomatic agreement between 1648 and 1919. What were the major provisions of the peace settlement? What were its strengths and weaknesses? Did the benefits of the settlement outweigh its defects?

Question 39

How did the Napoleonic period promote the rise of nationalism?

Question 40

Describe the rise of nationalism in Germany at the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth centuries. What were the ideas of major thinkers, such as Herder and Fichte, about German nationalism?

Question 41

How did Napoleon use his family to control his empire?

Question 42

How did Napoleon's empire transform Eastern Europe?

Question 43

How did Napoleon contribute to the unification of Germany?

Question 44

To what degree did Germans welcome Napoleon's rule? Why?

Question 45

How did the boundaries set by the Congress of Vienna demonstrate the restoration of the state system?

Question 46

Why was the Peace of Vienna unsatisfactory to nationalists, democrats, and liberals?

Question 47

What was the impact of Napoleon's reform on manorialism?

Question 48

To whom did Napoleon's reforms and policies appeal? Why?

Question 49

Why was Napoleon able to garner support for his anti-British agenda?

Question 50

Why did nationalism become a movement of resistance to Napoleon? What aspects of the international system imposed by Napoleon did Europeans resist?

Question 51

What is Volksgeist? Why did the concept fascinate the Germans?

Question 52

How did Stein contribute to the transformation of Prussian society?

Question 53

What aspects of the French Revolution and Napoleon's reforms did the charter of 1814 grant to the French people?

Question 54

How did "Congress Poland" represent a compromise at the Congress of Vienna?