Question 1

The World Health Organization Healthy Settings approach to population health recognizes the importance of:&#10;A) Individual patient care&#10;B) Hospital-based care&#10;C) All the places humans occupy&#10;D) Public health

Accepted Answer

Recognition that where people do things, the settings of everyday occupation, also plays a part in generating good or ill-health is amplified by the WHO's (2013) Healthy Settings approach to population health. The WHO is lifting the gaze from narrowly focusing on patients receiving health care to considering everyone who occupies a hospital or any other setting, be it a city, village, community, island, market, school, workplace, home, aged care facility, prison, or natural setting.

Question 2

Occupational medicine focuses on:&#10;A) Public health&#10;B) Health in the workplace&#10;C) Health maintenance&#10;D) Population health

Accepted Answer

Occupational medicine is concerned with health in the workplace. While there are recorded examples of occupations directly conferring health benefits to a subpopulation of workers, such as the immunity to smallpox observed among milkmaids who had been exposed to cowpox (Glynn & Glynn, 2004), there are many more examples of causative links between specific trades and disfiguring or lethal health conditions. "Black lung" among coal miners and "mad hatter" disease, the result of mercury and lead poisoning from the process used to turn fur into felt, are widely recognized examples. Further historical examples are found in Oakley's (2018) book, Women, Peace and Welfare, which catalogs the appalling working conditions of certain classes of American and British women employed in industrial settings in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Question 3

When members of a group have a similar pattern of occupations, their daily round of activities is commonly referred to as:&#10;A) An occupational balance&#10;B) Health maintenance&#10;C) A lifestyle&#10;D) Population health

Accepted Answer

When members of a group of people have a similar pattern of occupations, their daily round of activities is commonly referred to as a lifestyle. Determining whether the lifestyles available to, condoned by, or forced onto a group of people support health and well-being is not as simple as adding up all the things they do. The variety, intensity, duration, timing, purpose, and subjective experience of occupations are also important.

Question 4

An example of a health inequity is:&#10;A) Public health&#10;B) Higher mortality rate&#10;C) Health maintenance&#10;D) Population-based health

Accepted Answer

Population health experts acknowledge that health inequities, such as higher morbidity and mortality rates, are caused by inequalities in education, job choice, and income, as well as differential access to transportation, housing, healthy physical environments, and public safety.

Question 5

The kinds of occupations available to a population are influenced by:&#10;A) Public health&#10;B) Access to health care&#10;C) Economics&#10;D) Population-based health

Accepted Answer

At a population level, becoming relates to equitable opportunities for all groups within society to learn, work, play, and love (WHO, 1986). The kinds of occupations available, and thus the kinds of people the population can become, are largely determined by the economic basis of a society and how well its educational system equips people to participate in culturally valued occupations. The distribution of those opportunities across different sectors of society is determined by regulations and social mores specifying who can do what, and thus the opportunities that are opened up or closed down for specific populations or groups.

Question 6

In the adoption of digital technology to support occupational engagement, what has been found to be a barrier to adoption of enabling technology?&#10;A) Cognition&#10;B) Poverty&#10;C) Knowledge of use of technology&#10;D) Osteoarthritis

Accepted Answer

A small-scale study in Sweden found that older adults who used electronic devices to manage everyday tasks and communicate with friends and family had embraced digital participation as part of their identity (Fischl, Asaba, & Nilsson, 2017). Through the technologies, they experienced meaning in daily life. Moreover, they were not passive users; rather, they actively managed their online identities. The mastery of digital technologies had become an integral part of their being. Not all older adults, however, access digital technologies. Contrary to their expectations, Kottorp and colleagues (2016) found that poverty, rather than cognitive impairment, was the primary barrier to the ownership and use of digital technologies among older adults in Sweden.

Question 7

The main challenge for population health is:&#10;A) A lack of services in behavioral health&#10;B) A shortage of health professionals&#10;C) Rates of adolescent suicide&#10;D) Significant differences in health that currently exist between socioeconomic groups

Accepted Answer

The main challenge for population health is the significant differences in health that exist between socioeconomic groups. Population health experts acknowledge that health inequities, such as higher morbidity and mortality rates, are caused by inequalities in education, job choice, and income, as well as differential access to transportation, housing, healthy physical environments, and public safety.

Question 8

Improving population health requires a commitment to:&#10;A) Universal health care&#10;B) Health equity&#10;C) Public health&#10;D) Occupational justice

Accepted Answer

It is now understood that improving population health requires a commitment to health equity, as well as a holistic focus on both the social and biological determinants of health (Diez Roux, 2016). Framing health in terms of equity causes a shift of attention, from broad-based interventions that aim to improve the health status of the population at large to targeting those groups and communities most affected by disparities in social, economic, and physical environments-that is, the extrinsic and potentially modifiable factors that cause ill-health.

Question 9

An example of an imbalanced lifestyle is:&#10;A) People with mental illness who spend comparatively more time sleeping than in other occupations&#10;B) Older adults who reside in an independent living facility and engage in wellness activities&#10;C) Children who walk to the local school and play in an afterschool soccer program&#10;D) A father who stays at home with his children while his partner works

Accepted Answer

Occupational scientists have documented other lifestyles that appear equally imbalanced: shift workers who compromise their sleeping schedules in order to fulfill family and social obligations (Walker, 1996); homeless people who have daily routines but report doing things just to fill their time (Thomas, Gray, & McGinty, 2017); people with mental illness who spend comparatively more time sleeping or engaged in relatively unfulfilling self-care occupations than others (Eklund, Erlandsson, & Leufstadius, 2010); and professional musicians who continue to devote hours to practicing and performing music, even after they develop painful musculoskeletal conditions that indicate the need for rest (Guptill, 2012). As these examples illustrate, an imbalance of occupations measured in terms of doing "too much" or "too little" of particular kinds of activities provides some insight into the well-being of specific groups. Disruptions to sleep patterns also come to light as a factor in at least two of the imbalanced patterns of work, self-care, rest, and leisure described.

Question 10

What important document stated that &#34;health is created and lived by people within the settings of their everyday life; where they learn, work, play, and love&#34;?&#10;A) Occupational Therapy Practice Framework&#10;B) Healthy Settings&#10;C) Healthy People&#10;D) Ottawa Charter

Accepted Answer

Aligned with the idea that human well-being and aspirations work in tandem, the Ottawa Charter asserts that "health is created and lived by people within the settings of their everyday life; where they learn, work, play, and love" (WHO, 1986, p. 2). The charter thus explicitly acknowledges the health consequences of the things people do on an ongoing basis-across the spectrum of educational, productive, and playful occupations, including those that express love of other people, animals, and the natural world.

Question 11

Occupational justice is defined as:&#10;A) People's essential nature-that is, what drives them to do things&#10;B) The right to participate in a range of occupations that enable people to flourish, fulfill their potential, and experience satisfaction in a way consistent with their culture and beliefs&#10;C) Engaging in relatively equal amounts of work, self-care, rest, and leisure occupations&#10;D) Equality in education, job choice, and income, as well as access to transportation, housing, healthy physical environments, and public safety

Accepted Answer

The answer of Occupational justice is defined as:&#10;A) People's essential...

Question 12

Children living in low-income households are less physically active than other children. Which of the following factors contribute to this problem?&#10;A) Limited number of good-quality recreational facilities&#10;B) Working to contribute to the family income&#10;C) Obesity rates&#10;D) Bullying

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children living in low-income households are less...

Question 13

Populations excluded from mainstream society are vulnerable to poor health outcomes. This exemplifies which part of the doing, being, belonging, or becoming aspect of population health?&#10;A) Doing&#10;B) Being&#10;C) Belonging&#10;D) Becoming

Accepted Answer

The answer of Populations excluded from mainstream society are vulnerable...

Question 14

The plight of asylum seekers held in camps demonstrates which aspect of population health in the doing, being, belonging, or becoming aspect of population health?&#10;A) Doing&#10;B) Being&#10;C) Belonging&#10;D) Becoming

Accepted Answer

The answer of The plight of asylum seekers held in...

Question 15

The participatory occupational justice framework closely aligns with the:&#10;A) Ottawa Charter&#10;B) World Health Organization's key principles&#10;C) Occupational Therapy Practice Framework&#10;D) Model of Human Occupation

Accepted Answer

The answer of The participatory occupational justice framework closely aligns...

Question 16

An ambulatory care clinic located in a low-income neighborhood notices significant food insecurity among its participants. A strategy for improving population health based on the participatory occupational justice framework is to:

A) Offer coupons to local grocery stores
B) Provide information on the location of metropolitan farmers markets
C) Work with a local nonprofit to plant a community garden
D) Donate to the local food bank

Accepted Answer

The answer of An ambulatory care clinic located in a...

Question 17

An occupational therapist in a Native American community participates in the local suicide prevention coalition. The OT works as part of a team to teach youth coping mechanisms in an after-school program. This promotes which aspect of health?

A) Doing
B) Being
C) Belonging
D) Becoming

Accepted Answer

The answer of An occupational therapist in a Native American...

Deck 4: Population Health: An Occupational Perspective Introduction