Deck 21: The Furnace of Civil War, 1861-1865

Question 1

The most serious Confederate threat to the Union blockade came from  

A) British navy vessels on loan to the South.
B) swift blockade-running steamers.
C) the threat of mutiny from pro-southern sailors.
D) the entrance of the British and French navies as direct military combatants on behalf of the Confederacy.
E) the ironclad Merrimack (renamed the Virginia) warship, which destroyed two wooden ships of the Union navy off the Chesapeake Bay and threatened to destroy many more wooden Union warships.

Answer 1

the ironclad Merrimack (renamed the Virginia) warship, which destroyed two wooden ships of the Union navy off the Chesapeake Bay and threatened to destroy many more wooden Union warships.

Question 2

Locate the following places by reference number on the map: 
​Key Battles and Strategic Cities of the Civil War, 1861-1865

____ Gettysburg

Answer 2

10

Question 3

Locate the following places by reference number on the map: 
​Key Battles and Strategic Cities of the Civil War, 1861-1865

____ Atlanta

Answer 3

5

Question 4

Locate the following places by reference number on the map: 
​Key Battles and Strategic Cities of the Civil War, 1861-1865

____ Richmond

Question 5

Arrange the following in chronological order:
(A)the Battle of Bull Run,
(B)the Battle of Gettysburg,
(C)Lee's surrender at Appomattox, and
(D)the Battle of Antietam.  

A) B, C, A, D
B) D, B, C, A
C) C, A, D, B
D) A, B, D, C
E) A, D, B, C

Question 6

President Lincoln hoped that a Union victory at Bull Run (Manassas Junction)would  

A) lead to the capture of the Confederate capital at Richmond.
B) prompt widespread desertions from a despondent Confederate army.
C) destroy the economy of the South.
D) pull the Border states out of the Confederacy.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 7

Following a historic battle in March 1862 with a tiny Union ironclad warship, the Monitor, the Confederate blockade runner, the Merrimack, was  

A) destroyed by Union troops to prevent its use as a slave ship.
B) captured and used by Union troops to help restore the Federal blockade.
C) destroyed by Confederate soldiers to keep it out of the hands of Union troops.
D) retrofitted with multiple cannons that were utilized to sink several Union blockading ships.
E) used to ferry both British and French troops across the ocean.

Question 8

After assuming command of the Army of the Potomac, General George McClellan made the mistake of  

A) taking too many strategic and tactical risks that endangered his troops.
B) relying on Lincoln's military judgment.
C) being unconcerned about the morale of his troops.
D) not drilling his troops enough to prepare them for battle.
E) consistently believing that the enemy outnumbered him.

Question 9

The Union's defeat in battle at Bull Run in 1861 was better than a victory because

A) Ulysses S. Grant took command of the army immediately after the setback.
B) the defeat caused Northerners to face up to the reality of a long, difficult war.
C) "Stonewall" Jackson was killed.
D) it caused Lincoln to replace George B. McClellan as commander of the Army of the Potomac.
E) it allowed European powers the chance to intervene on behalf of the South.

Question 10

After the Peninsula Campaign, Union strategy included all of the following except  

A) cutting the Confederacy in half by seizing the Mississippi River.
B) marching through Georgia and then the Carolinas.
C) blockading the Confederacy's coastline.
D) liberating the slaves to undermine the southern economy.
E) striking deep into the Confederacy via the Appalachian Mountain chain.

Question 11

Locate the following places by reference number on the map: 
​Key Battles and Strategic Cities of the Civil War, 1861-1865

____ Vicksburg

Question 12

Britain did not protest too loudly against the Union naval blockade of the Confederacy because  

A) Britain might want to use a similar blockade in a future war.
B) the British government clearly supported the Union.
C) it would have been useless to try to run the blockade.
D) profits were not high enough to justify the risk.
E) the blockade was very ineffective in cutting off shipments of commercial goods including cotton from the Confederate ports to Britain.

Question 13

George B.McClellan, commander of the Army of the Potomac, is best described as  

A) disliked by his own men.
B) aggressive.
C) overly cautious.
D) poorly prepared for military leadership.
E) strategically inept.

Question 14

Locate the following places by reference number on the map: 
​Key Battles and Strategic Cities of the Civil War, 1861-1865

____ Antietam

Question 15

At the beginning of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln favored  

A) postponing military action as long as possible.
B) making the Civil War about ending slavery.
C) long-term enlistments for Union soldiers.
D) quick military action to show the folly of secession.
E) seizing control of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.

Question 16

Locate the following places by reference number on the map: 
​Key Battles and Strategic Cities of the Civil War, 1861-1865

____ Montgomery

Question 17

The South's victory at Bull Run (Manassas Junction) in 1861  

A) reduced enlistments in the South's army.
B) reduced the number of Confederate deserters.
C) demonstrated how difficult Confederate independence would be.
D) convinced the South of the need to prepare for a protracted conflict.
E) did not undermine Northerners belief that military victory in the Civil War would be an easy task to accomplish.

Question 18

As a result of the Union fighting to a draw militarily at Antietam Creek with Robert E.Lee's Confederate army  

A) Lincoln named George McClellan commander of the Union forces.
B) the North decided to fight a war of containment.
C) Lincoln was now prepared to issue his Emancipation Proclamation.
D) Lincoln decided that the key to the war was controlling the Mississippi River.
E) the Union commanders were left without an overall military strategy.

Question 19

Locate the following places by reference number on the map: 
​Key Battles and Strategic Cities of the Civil War, 1861-1865

____ Fort Sumter

Question 20

As a result of the Confederate victory in the Peninsula Campaign  

A) Britain and France committed to sending economic and military aid to the Confederacy.
B) Lincoln named Ulysses S. Grant as commander of the Union forces.
C) Lincoln delayed his issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation.
D) the Union turned to a strategy of total war.
E) Lincoln abandoned the war in the West.

Question 21

Southern slaves ran away to Union camps at the rate of  

A) one in three.
B) one in four.
C) one in five.
D) one in six.
E) one in seven.

Question 22

During the Civil War,  

A) blacks were enlisted by the Union army only after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued.
B) Southern armies found no way of utilizing slave labor.
C) thousands of slaves rose in armed rebellion behind Southern lines.
D) about one out of every four Union troops was black.
E) captured black soldiers were treated well by Confederates.

Question 23

When it was issued in 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation declared free only those slaves in  

A) the Border States.
B) slave states that remained loyal to the Union.
C) United States territories.
D) Confederate states still in rebellion against the United States.
E) specific conquered areas in the South controlled by the Union army.

Question 24

In invading Maryland, one of General Lee's key objectives was to  

A) improve the flagging morale of Confederate soldiers and officers.
B) discourage foreign intervention by Britain and France in the war.
C) destroy General McClellan's Army of the Potomac.
D) capture President Lincoln and his Cabinet.
E) inspire the Border States, particularly the wavering Maryland, to join the Confederacy and its secessionist cause.

Question 25

One of the key developments enabling the Union to stop the Confederate thrust into the North at Antietam was  

A) General Lee's dilly-dallying and half-hearted offensive thrust at Antietam Creek.
B) the Union's discovery of General Robert E. Lee's battle plans.
C) Lincoln's removal of General McClellan from his command.
D) the use of the new repeating rifle for the first time.
E) the death of Stonewall Jackson during the battle.

Question 26

General Robert E.Lee decided to invade the North through Pennsylvania in order to  

A) deliver a decisive blow that would strengthen the Northern peace movement and encourage foreign intervention on behalf of the South.
B) force the Union to ease its blockade of the South.
C) cut Northern supply lines.
D) stir northern draft resisters to rise in revolt.
E) seize Philadelphia and Pittsburgh.

Question 27

A Confederate victory at Antietam in September 1862 probably would have won the Confederacy independence because  

A) the Union armies were already heavily demoralized.
B) France and Britain were on the verge of recognizing the Confederate government and providing it with critically needed military assistance.
C) the Republicans would have lost the subsequent congressional elections.
D) Lincoln would have been unable to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
E) the Border States would have joined the Confederacy.

Question 28

Slavery was legally abolished in the United States by the  

A) ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution.
B) surrender terms of Robert E. Lee to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox.
C) Emancipation Proclamation.
D) congressional statute banning slavery in all the states and territories of America.
E) ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution.

Question 29

After defeating McClellan at the Second Battle of Bull Run, Robert E.Lee decided to  

A) consolidate his forces to protect the Confederate capital.
B) send Jeb Stuart's calvary to raid northern lines.
C) invade the Union via Maryland.
D) call for a ceasefire and peace negotiations.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 30

Aside from ending slavery, blacks enlisted into the Union Army because they  

A) wanted to prove their manhood and strengthen their postwar claim to full American citizenship.
B) desperately needed the jobs that military service provided.
C) wanted revenge against abusive slave masters.
D) hoped to obtain military pensions.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 31

African Americans who fought for the Union Army in the Civil War

A) carried out reprisals against captured slaveowners.
B) served mainly in military support units.
C) included the brave and accomplished 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, which suffered heavy casualties during the Union siege of Fort Wagner, South Carolina in 1863.
D) accounted for less than 1 percent of total Union enlistments.
E) refused to serve under white officers.

Question 32

The Battle of Antietam was particularly critical because it  

A) inflated an already dangerous overconfidence among Southerners.
B) ended Lee's plan of invading the North.
C) delayed Lincoln's plan to announce the Emancipation Proclamation.
D) ensured the reelection of President Lincoln.
E) probably prevented intervention by Britain and France on behalf of the Confederacy.

Question 33

The Confederacy enlisted slaves into their army as fighting soldiers  

A) only a month before the war ended.
B) at the beginning of the war.
C) as a response to the Emancipation Proclamation.
D) in lieu of forcing tens of thousands of slaves into involuntary labor which included building fortifications and supplying armies.
E) in recognition that the idea of slavery was wrong.

Question 34

The two major battles of the Civil War fought on Union soil were  

A) Shiloh and Chancellorsville.
B) Bull Run and Vicksburg.
C) Gettysburg and Antietam.
D) Peninsula Campaign and Fredericksburg.
E) Mobile and Missionary Ridge.

Question 35

The North's victory at Antietam allowed President Lincoln to  

A) issue the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, making the Civil War more of a moral crusade against slavery.
B) include freeing slaves in the loyal Border states in the final Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863.
C) force the Border States to remain in the Union.
D) keep General McClellan as commander of the Union forces.
E) suppress Copperhead opposition in the North.

Question 36

The Emancipation Proclamation had the effect of  

A) reducing desertions from the Union army.
B) strengthening the moral cause and diplomatic position of the Union.
C) increasing popular support for the Republicans in the 1864 election.
D) permanently shutting down the opposition of the northern Copperheads to President Lincoln's war policies.
E) drastically weakening Confederate morale of its soldiers and politicians.

Question 37

After halting Lee's troops at Antietam, General George McClellan  

A) retired from the military.
B) moved to confront Lee again at Gettysburg.
C) was appointed to command the main Western army.
D) marched his army toward Atlanta.
E) was removed from his field command.

Question 38

All of the following occurred as a result of the Emancipation Proclamation except  

A) mounting opposition in the North to an "abolition war."
B) sharp increases in Union desertions.
C) heavy congressional defeats for Lincoln's administration.
D) a deterioration of the diplomatic position of the Union concerning its relations with European nations.
E) complaints from abolitionists that it did not go far enough.

Question 39

Northern soldiers became increasingly convinced of slavery's evils when  

A) Congress passed the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution.
B) abolitionists praised Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation.
C) slaves ran away to Union camps and persevered against all odds.
D) Confederate politicians stopped defending the legitimacy of slavery.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 40

Slaves hindered the Confederacy's war efforts by  

A) work slowdowns and strikes that diminished productivity.
B) instilling a fear of insurrections.
C) creating the need for white men to guard slaves when they could have been on the warfront.
D) serving as spies, guides and scouts for the Union army.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 41

​Which of the following represented dangerous political opponents to President Lincoln and the Union cause during the course of the Civil War?  

A) ​Copperheads
B) War Democrats
C) ​Congressman Clement L. Vallandigham
D) ​Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War
E) ​Union party

Question 42

​Which of the following represent contributions made by Northern blacks to the North's Civil War military efforts?  

A) ​Nearly 180,000 black enlistees serving in the Union Army following the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation
B) ​Blacks serving mostly as cooks, stewards, and firemen in the Union navy from the outset of the war
C) The able and courageous fighting of the all-black volunteer 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment agianst Confederate armies
D) ​Northern blacks serving as Union army spies and intelligence officers in the Union army
E) ​Northern blacks serving as Gullah translators for Northern armies proceeding down South with Sherman's army

Question 43

Historians usually rank the "Great Emancipator," Abraham Lincoln, as the greatest of American presidents.Do you agree? Why or why not?

Question 44

The Civil War resulted in all of the following except  

A) expanded federal powers of taxation.
B) the end of nullification and secession.
C) the creation of the first federal social welfare agency.
D) the end of slavery.
E) the end of protective tariffs and isolationism.

Question 45

The Union victory at Vicksburg was of major importance for all of the following reasons except  

A) it reopened the Mississippi River to Northern trade.
B) coupled with the victory at Gettysburg, foreign help for the Confederacy was irretrievably lost.
C) it helped to quell Northern peace agitation.
D) it cut off the supply of cattle and other goods from Texas and Louisiana.
E) it was the last major battle of the Civil War.

Question 46

One consequence of General William T.Sherman's style of warfare was  

A) a longer war.
B) the loss of more lives.
C) fewer desertions on the Confederate side.
D) southern resignation to defeat.
E) a shorter war that saved lives.

Question 47

Explain the political, economic, military, and diplomatic results of the Union victory and Confederate defeat in the Civil War.What do you think were the main reasons that the South lost? Explain your choice.

Question 48

In the 1864 election, Abraham Lincoln's running mate was  

A) Salmon P. Chase.
B) Wendell Phillips.
C) William Tecumseh Sherman.
D) William Seward.
E) Andrew Johnson.

Question 49

The Battle of Gettysburg was significant because  

A) it revived Southern military fortunes and hopes for an ultimate military victory of the Union.
B) it guaranteed Lincoln's re-election in 1864.
C) Philadelphia and New York were safe from attack.
D) Lee's military genius and right-hand man, Stonewall Jackson, was killed.
E) Union victory meant that the Southern cause was doomed.

Question 50

Clement L.Vallandigham, a Southern sympathizer and a tempestuous opponent of the draft and of the war, was derisively labeled by supporters of President Lincoln as a  

A) Carpetbagger.
B) Contraband.
C) Copperhead.
D) Doughface.
E) foreign agent of Great Britain.

Question 51

Scholars dispute whether the Civil War marked a watershed in American history for all of the following reasons except  

A) racial inequality persisted long after the war.
B) industrial growth of the post-Civil War years had its real roots decades earlier in the Jacksonian era.
C) regional differences between the North and South continued, even into the present.
D) the Union victory did not have a significant effect on the constitutional expansion of federal government power.
E) the Civil War may have retarded overall national industrialization rather than advancing it.

Question 52

​Which of the following were components of the evolving Northern strategy of total war toward the South?  

A) Instituting ​a naval blockade of Southern coasts
B) ​Liberating the slaves to undercut the South economically
C) ​Cutting the Confederacy in half by seizing control of the Mississippi River
D) ​Chopping the Confederacy to pieces by sending troops through Georgia and the Carolinas
E) Try everywhere to engage the South's main strength and to grind it into submission.

Question 53

As a theorist of warfare, General William T.Sherman was  

A) a master of the quick, surprising attack.
B) careful to avoid "collateral damage" to civilian lives and property.
C) remarkably unclear and confusing in his strategic approach to war.
D) insistent on maintaining strict military discipline among his troops.
E) a pioneer of the strategy of total warfare aimed at destroying civilian morale.

Question 54

The political group in the North most dangerous to the Union cause was the  

A) Copperheads.
B) Radical Republicans.
C) Northern War Democrats.
D) Union Party.
E) African Americans.

Question 55

The Union army's success in the capture of ____ was probably critical to Lincoln's reelection in 1864.  

A) Gettysburg and Harrisburg
B) Richmond and Appomattox
C) Vicksburg and Port Hudson
D) Charleston and Columbia
E) Atlanta and Mobile

Question 56

During the Civil War, Grant lost one man for every ____, and Lee lost one man for every ____.  

A) 10, 5
B) 5, 10
C) 5, 20
D) 2, 10
E) 5, 2

Question 57

Which of the following do you think was the most significant battle of the Civil War: Antietam, Gettysburg, or Vicksburg in foreclosing the possibility of a Confederate military victory in the war? Defend your selection with specific reasons.

Question 58

In the l864 election, the Democratic party nominated ____ to oppose Lincoln's reelection.  

A) George McClellan
B) Ulysses S. Grant
C) Andrew Johnson
D) Clement C. Vallandigham
E) Horace Greeley

Question 59

Union General Ulysses S.Grant's basic strategy in the Civil War involved  

A) using long-range artillery assaults.
B) striking tactically from the flanks.
C) assailing the enemy's armies simultaneously, massively, and directly.
D) destroying the enemy's economy and undermining civilian morale.
E) a series of multiple hit and run attacks by small Union forces designed to keep the opposing army off-guard.

Question 60

In the election of 1864, the Republicans joined with the prowar Democrats and founded the ____ party.  

A) Populist
B) Liberty
C) Union
D) National
E) Progressive

Question 61

Assess the validity of the following statement, "The Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863 was a proclamation without emancipation." Discuss how emancipation was legally achieved for all slaves.What was the moral significance of the Emancipation Proclamation on the fighting of the Civil War for the North?

Question 62

Explain why Union General William Tecumseh Sherman conducted the devastating "march to the sea" against Confederate forces.Explain in what ways Sherman's march was like conducting modern "total war."

Question 63

List the three most significant immediate consequences of the Civil War.Justify your selection and indicate which one consequence you think was the most important and why.

Question 64

To what extent did the Civil War slow or delay the onset and development of the Industrial Revolution in the United States? Alternatively, did the war help usher in modern America including advancing overall industrialization and a transportation revolution throughout the United States?

Question 65

The Civil War has also been called the "War Between the States" and the "War for Southern Independence." Which of the three titles do you find most apt? Why?

Question 66

Assess the validity of the following statement, "The removal of Lincoln [as president in 1864] was the last real hope for a Confederate victory."

Question 67

How and to what extent did the respective roles and actions of blacks, free and slave, in both the North and the South,  affect the outcome of the Civil War?