Deck 6: The Duel for North America, 1608-1763

Question 1

In his first military command encounter in the French and Indian War,  Lieutenant Colonel George Washington  

A) won a decisive and hard-fought battle for British forces at Fort Duquesne.
B) was defeated by French forces at Fort Necessity following a ten-hour siege in July 1754.
C) received strong military support and reinforcements from the British Army command and political authorities.
D) helped to force the French out of Nova Scotia.
E) displayed his twenty years of military experience to great military success.

Answer 1

was defeated by French forces at Fort Necessity following a ten-hour siege in July 1754.

Question 2

The Indians suffered from their association with the French in New France in all of the following ways except  

A) exclusion from the fur business.
B) decimation of their numbers by the white man's diseases.
C) violation of their religious beliefs about slaughtering animals.
D) debauchery by the white man's alcohol.
E) weakening of their traditional way of life.

Answer 2

exclusion from the fur business.

Question 3

The soldier and explorer whose leadership in establishing French colonies earned him the title "Father of New France" was  

A) Samuel de Champlain.
B) Robert de La Salle.
C) Antoine Cadillac.
D) Des Moines.
E) Edward Vincennes.

Answer 3

Samuel de Champlain.

Question 4

France was finally able to join in the scramble for colonies in the New World as a result of the  

A) Protestant takeover of the French government.
B) end of the religious wars.
C) revocation of the Edict of Nantes.
D) St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre.
E) Seven Years' War.

Question 5

The French wanted to control the interior basin of Louisiana because they  

A) liked its climate.
B) wanted to keep the area unfortified.
C) sought to block imperial encroachment by Spain in the Gulf of Mexico region.
D) feared Dutch expansion into the territory.
E) saw it as a dumping ground for undesirables.

Question 6

The population in Catholic New France grew very slowly because  

A) French peasants had no economic motive to move to the colonies.
B) the Protestant Huguenots refused to move there.
C) the French government was more concerned with its South American colonies.
D) disease took a heavy toll on New France's inhabitants.
E) of constant attacks by the Huron Indians.

Question 7

All of the following are true about the War of Jenkins's Ear except  

A) it resulted in France allying itself with Britain.
B) it began as a small scuffle between Britain and Spain in America.
C) it came to be called King George's War after merging with the War of Austrian Succession in Europe.
D) New England recruits invaded New France.
E) it resulted in Spain allying itself with Russia against France and Britain.

Question 8

The reason Britain needed to control the Ohio Valley was to  

A) continue its expansion west in North America and block French land-grabbing and influence.
B) ensure defeat of the French in the War of Jenkins Ear.
C) halt the growth of Spanish imposition in North America.
D) secure the Mississippi River and continue pushing further south to control all of Mexico.
E) link their Canadian holdings with those of the lower Mississippi Valley.

Question 9

The Jesuit priests, despite their initial failure in gaining converts, played a vital role because  

A) of the many converts to Catholicism.
B) of the health care they provided.
C) they made peace with the Indians.
D) they encouraged the Indians to participate in the fur trade.
E) of their exploration and work as geographers.

Question 10

During the early settlement of Quebec, the actions of Samuel de Champlain  

A) illustrated a lack of French interest in developing political and economic relations with Indian tribes of the region.
B) led to France's lasting alliance with the Iroquois tribes.
C) were marked by tension and violence with the Hurons.
D) included forging a pivotalalliance with the Hurons that inspired the lasting hatred of the Iroquois.
E) angered the government of King Louis XIV of France.

Question 11

Government in New France (Canada)was  

A) almost completely autocratic.
B) democratic.
C) similar to that of the English colonies.
D) noted for its trial by jury.
E) free from the king's control.

Question 12

From 1688 to 1763, America  

A) stayed out of European wars if possible.
B) relied totally on the British for defense.
C) started wars in Europe.
D) was involved in every world war that convulsed Europe during this period.
E) fought wars on both land and sea.

Question 13

The War of Jenkins's Ear was  

A) fought in European waters.
B) a great victory for Spain.
C) confined to the Caribbean Sea and Georgia.
D) the event that established the policy of salutary neglect.
E) a defeat for France.

Question 14

The reason France needed to control the Ohio Valley was to  

A) stop Spain from extending its empire.
B) help win the War of Jenkins's Ear.
C) stop the Indian attacks on its outposts.
D) link its Canadian holdings with those of the lower Mississippi Valley.
E) be able to put more of its settlers there in order to increase farm production.

Question 15

French motives in the New World included the desire to  

A) establish agricultural communities to produce profitable staple crops.
B) convert Indians to Protestantism.
C) compete with Spain for an empire in America.
D) provide a place for French religious dissenters to settle.
E) compete with Portugal for an empire in America.

Question 16

New England colonists were outraged when British diplomats returned ____ to France in 1748.  

A) Hudson Bay
B) Acadia
C) Louisbourg
D) Newfoundland
E) Nova Scotia

Question 17

The clash between Britain and France for control of the North American continent sprang from their rivalry for control of  

A) Cape Breton Island.
B) the Ohio River Valley.
C) the Mississippi River.
D) the Great Lakes.
E) the St. Lawrence River.

Question 18

The coureurs de bois and the voyaguers  

A) were critical French military divisions that helped France gain and retain political control of Québec.
B) were allied with Jesuit missionaries in achieving similar goals and objectives for the Indians in New France.
C) played critical roles in recruiting local Indian tribes to develop the French fur business in New France.
D) declined to utilize regional Indian tribes to advance their economic goals and objectives in New France.
E) failed to influence the economic development of New France in any significant way.

Question 19

During a generation of peace following the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, Britain provided its American colonies with  

A) a large military presence for protection.
B) decades of salutary neglect.
C) higher taxes passed by Parliament.
D) stronger parliamentary direction.
E) representative seats in the British Parliament.

Question 20

The early wars between France and Britain in North America were notable for the  

A) large number of troops committed by both sides.
B) lack of Indian participation.
C) carryover of European tactics to America.
D) use of primitive guerrilla warfare.
E) advanced technology used during the warfare.

Question 21

The Seven Years' War was also known in America as  

A) the War of Jenkins's Ear.
B) the French and Indian War.
C) the War of the Austrian Succession.
D) King William's War.
E) Queen Anne's War.

Question 22

With the end of the Seven Years' War, the disunity, jealousy, and suspicion that had long existed in the American colonies  

A) continued without change.
B) began to melt somewhat.
C) finally came to a complete end.
D) resulted in renewed acts of violence.
E) None of these

Question 23

Which of these statements does NOT describe relations between British and colonial troops during the Seven Years' War?  

A) The British looked down on the colonists as amateurish and contemptible.
B) The colonists considered themselves to be on the cutting edge of British civilization.
C) The British were dismayed by American shippers trafficking goods to enemy ports of the Spanish and French.
D) All colonists freely donated money and men to the British war effort.
E) the British refused to recognize any American militia commission above the rank of captain.

Question 24

The disunity that existed in the colonies before the French and Indian War can be attributed to all of the following except  

A) the enormous distances between the colonies.
B) geographical barriers like rivers.
C) conflicting religions.
D) varied nationalities.
E) contempt for the British government.

Question 25

The long-range purpose of the Albany Congress in 1754 was to  

A) achieve colonial unity and common defense against the French threat.
B) propose independence of the colonies from Britain.
C) declare war on the Iroquois tribe.
D) prohibit New England and New York from trading with the French West Indies.
E) gain peace with France.

Question 26

Benjamin Franklin published in his Pennsylvania Gazette his most famous cartoon of the colonial era, a disjointed snake, which  

A) promoted the idea that America, if they accepted the Albany Plan, would be cut apart and die.
B) promoted the idea that if the colonies did not stand united against France, they would fall apart and die.
C) argued that the British would cut apart the French (like the snake) once the Albany Plan was accepted.
D) implied that the French was like the snake, waiting to be cut apart by the Albany Plan.
E) promoted the idea that the French, if they accepted the Albany Plan, would join forces with the British and be united, unlike the disjointed snake.

Question 27

The immediate purpose of the Albany Congress of 1754 was to  

A) request the help of the British military.
B) keep the Iroquois tribes loyal to the British.
C) prevent the French from attacking American outposts.
D) support George Washington's desire to head the colonial militia.
E) block British efforts to take control of New York City.

Question 28

Unlike the first three Anglo-French wars, the Seven Years' War  

A) won the British territorial concessions.
B) united British colonists in strong support of the mother country.
C) was fought initially on the North American continent.
D) did not affect American colonists' attitudes toward England.
E) resulted in a stronger French presence in North America.

Question 29

During the Seven Years' War  

A) colonial militiamen were impressed with the seeming invincibility of the British regulars.
B) British officers roundly praised the skillful fighting ability of colonial troops.
C) British officials were disturbed by the lukewarm support of many colonials.
D) the colonists lost confidence in their own military capability.
E) all American trade with Spain and France ended.

Question 30

In the peace arrangements that ended the Seven Years' War  

A) France surrendered to Great Britain all of its territorial claims to North America.
B) England turned Florida over to Spain.
C) Spain ceded all of Louisiana, including New Orleans, to Britain.
D) France lost all its valuable sugar islands in the West Indies.
E) the British got all of Canada except Nova Scotia.

Question 31

All of the following were allies on one side of the French and Indian War except  

A) France.
B) Prussia.
C) Spain.
D) Austria.
E) Russia.

Question 32

The outcome of the Battle of Québec in 1759  

A) had little impact on the Seven Years' War.
B) was a key turning point in Queen Anne's War.
C) was a dramatic victory for the French.
D) ended the war of French succession.
E) resulted in the emergence of Great Britain as the overwhelmingly dominant power in America.

Question 33

Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A)George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity; (B)General Edward Braddock is defeated near Fort Duquesne; (C)British troops capture Louisbourg in their first significant victory of the French and Indian War; and (D)General James Wolfe's army defeats Montcalm's on the Plains of Abraham.  

A) B, A, D, C
B) A, B, C, D
C) C, B, A, D
D) A, C, B, D
E) A, B, D, C

Question 34

The British invasion of Canada in 1756 during the Seven Years' War  

A) was initially hampered significantly by poor strategic decision making by Britain's war leaders.
B) concentrated on Quebec and Montreal.
C) was prompted, in part, by the fact that in 1756 the undeclared war in America had merged into a world conflict.
D) was an immediate and universally successful military operation.
E) resulted in British control of the St. Lawrence River.

Question 35

As a result of General Braddock's defeat a few miles from Fort Duquesne  

A) the British controlled the frontier.
B) George Washington was left without a military command.
C) the frontier from Pennsylvania to North Carolina was open to Indian attack.
D) General Braddock was forced to leave the military.
E) the British called off their planned invasion of Canada.

Question 36

In the colonial wars before 1754, Americans  

A) functioned as a unified fighting force.
B) received more support from France than Britain.
C) demonstrated an astonishing lack of unity.
D) were not involved in combat.
E) rarely involved Indians in the fighting.

Question 37

When William Pitt became prime minister during the Seven Years' War, he  

A) ended Parliament's practice of reimbursing the colonies for their war-related expenditures.
B) ordered a full-scale assault on the French West Indies.
C) relied heavily on the older, more cautious generals in the British Army.
D) focused on developing a successfulmilitary strategy in the Québec-Montréal area that ultimately routed the French in Canada.
E) remained popular with the wealthy but not the poor.

Question 38

For the American colonies, the Seven Years' War  

A) ended the myth of British invincibility.
B) left them in need of experienced officers.
C) offered the opportunity to grow closer to the British.
D) gave them the opportunity to finally gain control of Mississippi.
E) helped improve relations between Britain and the colonies.

Question 39

Benjamin Franklin's plan for colonial home rule was rejected by the individual colonies because  

A) it did not provide for the common defense.
B) the British approved it.
C) it did not seem to give enough independence to the colonies.
D) they did not feel that they had been well represented at the Albany Congress.
E) it placed too much power in the hands of local governments.

Question 40

Colonists emerged from the French and Indian War  

A) more loyal to Britain than ever.
B) more confident in their military strength.
C) with the respect of the British government.
D) with increased authority to govern themselves.
E) solidly allied with Native Americans.

Question 41

France had to give up its vision of a North American New France when  

A) its fishing industry faltered.
B) farming proved to be unprofitable.
C) King Louis XIV died.
D) it was defeated by the British in 1713 and 1763.
E) it could not entice enough settlers to America.

Question 42

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Samuel de Champlain

Question 43

Although the fur business in New France was a lucrative government-supported industry in the 1680s and 1690s, its importance to the French government paled in comparison to  

A) supporting ​the production of sugar and rum in the French Caribbean colonies.
B) ​supporting the Indian salvation work of Jesuit missionaries in New France.
C) ​ensuring French Huguenots could safely migrate to New France for religious reasons.
D) ​allying France with Spain against Great Britain in the emerging imperial competition in North America.
E) ​None of these choices are correct.

Question 44

In a sense, the history of the United States began with the  

A) Revolutionary War.
B) July 4, 1776, signing of the Declaration of Independence.
C) Boston Tea Party.
D) founding of the first colony in 1607.
E) fall of Quebec and Montreal.

Question 45

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:
​Great Britain, France, and Spain Clash for Supremacy in North America, 1689-1763
​

____ New Orleans

Question 46

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:
​Great Britain, France, and Spain Clash for Supremacy in North America, 1689-1763
​

____ Louisiana

Question 47

For interior Indian tribes in North America, the Treaty of Paris that ended the Seven Years' War  

A) safeguarded their lands from further encroachment by colonists.
B) eliminated their ability to play off rival European powers against each other.
C) forced these Indians to negotiate exclusively with the Spanish.
D) pushed them onto reservations.
E) None of these

Question 48

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:
​Great Britain, France, and Spain Clash for Supremacy in North America, 1689-1763
​

____ Great Lakes

Question 49

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:
​Great Britain, France, and Spain Clash for Supremacy in North America, 1689-1763
​

____ Newfoundland

Question 50

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:
​Great Britain, France, and Spain Clash for Supremacy in North America, 1689-1763
​

____ Hudson Bay

Question 51

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:
​Great Britain, France, and Spain Clash for Supremacy in North America, 1689-1763
​

____ Quebec

Question 52

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:
​Great Britain, France, and Spain Clash for Supremacy in North America, 1689-1763
​

____ Montreal

Question 53

With the military defeat of Chief Pontiac and his western Indian alliance, the British decided to  

A) stabilize Indian-white relations.
B) let the colonists assume financial responsibility for defending themselves.
C) remove troops stationed in the colonies.
D) enlist the aid of France to halt the Indian menace.
E) open land west of the Appalachian mountains to settlement.

Question 54

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:
​Great Britain, France, and Spain Clash for Supremacy in North America, 1689-1763
​

____ Nova Scotia (Acadia)

Question 55

In the wake of the Proclamation of 1763  

A) American colonists obeyed the law they hated.
B) British relations with France improved.
C) relations between the American colonies and the British government improved.
D) the American colonies believed their destiny had been destroyed.
E) American colonists moved west, defying the Proclamation.

Question 56

Chief Pontiac decided to try to drive the British out of the Ohio Valley because  

A) the British were weak as a result of the Seven Years' War.
B) the British had deliberately infected Indians with smallpox.
C) of the Proclamation of 1763.
D) the Indians were in a precarious position.
E) the French government had promised to help.

Question 57

The Proclamation of 1763 was designed mainly to  

A) oppress the colonists.
B) punish the Indians.
C) show the power of Parliament.
D) allow western settlement by the colonists.
E) work out a fair settlement of the Indian problem and prevent another bloody Indian eruption like Pontiac's uprising.

Question 58

With the British and American victory in the Seven Years' War  

A) the American colonies grew closer to Britain.
B) Americans now feared the Spanish.
C) a new spirit of independence arose, as the French threat disappeared.
D) the Indians were stopped from ever again launching a deadly attack against whites.
E) the British no longer retaliated against the Indians.

Question 59

The Proclamation of 1763  

A) was warmly received by American land speculators.
B) removed the Spanish and Indian menace from the colonial frontier.
C) declared war on Chief Pontiac and his fierce warriors.
D) prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.
E) opened Canada to American settlement.

Question 60

​In responding to Chief Pontiac's uprising of allied western Indian tribes, the British   

A) ​engaged in a form of biological warfare against Pontiac and his allies.
B) ​were reluctant to engage in harsh, suppressive tactics that would alienate Pontiac and his Indian allies.
C) ​vacillated between harshly coercive tactics and offering generous terms to accommodate the demands of Pontiac and his allies.
D) ​downplayed the need to stabilize relations with western Indian tribes.
E) failed to appreciate the long-term need to keep regular troops along an increasing restless and dangerous frontier.

Question 61

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Pontiac's uprising

Question 62

Describe and state the historical significance of the following:
Proclamation of 1763

Question 63

Describe and state the historical significance of the following:
coureurs de bois

Question 64

Describe and state the historical significance of the following:
War of Jenkins's Ear

Question 65

Describe and state the historical significance of the following:
Queen Anne's War (War of Spanish Succession)

Question 66

Describe and state the historical significance of the following:
Albany Congress

Question 67

Describe and state the historical significance of the following:
New France

Question 68

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
James Wolfe

Question 69

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
George Washington

Question 70

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Benjamin Franklin

Question 71

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Edward Braddock

Question 72

Describe and state the historical significance of the following:
Acadians

Question 73

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
William Pitt

Question 74

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Louis XIV

Question 75

Describe and state the historical significance of the following:
Huguenots

Question 76

Describe and state the historical significance of the following:
Seven Years' War (French and Indian War)

Question 77

Describe and state the historical significance of the following:
salutary neglect

Question 78

Describe and state the historical significance of the following:
Edict of Nantes

Question 79

Describe and state the historical significance of the following:
Jesuits

Question 80

Describe and state the historical significance of the following:
Iroquois