Deck 18: Multivariate Statistics

Question 1

Multivariate statistical procedures are increasingly being used in nursing research to untangle complex relationships among a minimum of how many variables?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

Answer 1

Three

Question 2

The nurse researcher is reviewing a simple regression equation (Y = a + bX). What does the a stand for?

A) Predicted value of variable Y
B) Intercept constant
C) Regression coefficient
D) Actual value of variable X

Answer 2

Intercept constant

Question 3

The nurse researcher is reading about linear regression. What is linear regression?

A) Make predictions about the values of one variable based on values of a second variable
B) Make predictions about the values of two variables based on values of a third and fourth variables
C) Method of predicting a continuous dependent variable on the basis of two or more independent variables
D) Method of predicting a continuous independent variable on the basis of two or more predictor variables

Answer 3

Make predictions about the values of one variable based on values of a second variable

Question 4

The nurse researcher is reading about multiple regression. What is multiple regression?

A) Make predictions about the values of one variable based on values of a second variable
B) Make predictions about the values of two variables based on values of a third and fourth variables
C) Method of predicting a continuous dependent variable on the basis of two o rmore independent variables
D) Method of predicting a continuous independent variable on the basis of two ormore predictor variables

Question 5

The nurse researcher knows that the basic null hypothesis in multiple regression is that the population multiple correlation coefficient is equal to what number?

A) 0
B) 0.50
C) 0.75
D) 1.00

Question 6

The nurse researcher student is reviewing key terminology. What is a beta weight?

A) Standardized regression coefficient
B) Effect size
C) Equivalent of the intercept constant
D) Square of R

Question 7

Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) removes the effect of what type of variables before testing whether mean group differences on the outcome variable are statistically significant?

A) Independent
B) Mediating
C) Confounding
D) Dichotomous

Question 8

What is a simultaneous multiple regression?

A) Enters all predictor variables into the regression equation at the same time
B) Enters predictors into the equation in a series of steps controlled by researchers
C) Enters predictors in steps using a statistical criterion for order of entry
D) Enters all predictor variables into the regression using a statistical criterion for order of entry

Question 9

What is a stepwise multiple regression?

A) Enters all predictor variables into the regression equation at the same time
B) Enters predictors into the equation in a series of steps controlled by researchers
C) Enters predictors in steps using a statistical criterion for order of entry
D) Enters all predictor variables into the regression using a statistical criterion for order of entry

Question 10

What is the statistical procedure when a nurse researcher wants to predict whether pressure ulcers develop in clients with fractured hips using age, gender, and hemoglobin levels as predictors?

A) Least squares estimation
B) Maximum likelihood estimation
C) Analysis of covariance
D) Discriminant analysis

Question 11

What is the dependent variable of interest for survival analysis?

A) Age
B) Gender
C) Time
D) Vital signs

Question 12

What is the statistical procedure used when a nurse researcher wants to test a causal model to explain smoking habits in teenagers?

A) Path analysis
B) Survival analysis
C) Discriminant analysis
D) Multivariate analysis of variance

Question 13

What is a hierarchical multiple regression?

A) Enters all predictor variables into the regression equation at the same time
B) Enters predictors into the equation in a series of steps controlled by researchers
C) Enters predictors in steps using a statistical criterion for order of entry
D) Enters all predictor variables into the regression using a statistical criterion for order of entry

Question 14

When is discriminant analysis used?

A) Make predictions about dependent variable that are categorical on the basis ofone predictor variable
B) Make predictions about dependent variables that are categorical on the basis of two or more predictor variables
C) Make predictions about independent variable that are categorical on the basis of one predictor variable
D) Make predictions about independent variables that are categorical on the basis of two or more predictor variables

Question 15

The nurse researcher knows that the correlation between two variables is rarely perfect. Researchers try to improve predictions by including what type of variables?

A) Multiple independent variables or predictor variables
B) Multiple dependent variables or predictor variables
C) Multiple independent and dependent variables
D) Multiple social and time variables

Question 16

The nurse researcher is reviewing a multiple regression equation. Y' = a + b1X1 + b2X2 + . . . bkXk What does the k stand for?

A) Intercept constant
B) Number of predictor (independent)variables
C) Regression coefficients for the k variables
D) Scores or values on the k independent variables

Question 17

With two or more independent variables, the index is the multiple correlation coefficient or R. What is the range of the R value?

A) -0.1 to 0.0
B) -0.1 to 1.5
C) 0.0 to .50
D) 0.0 to 1.0

Question 18

Small samples are especially problematic in multiple regression and other multivariate procedures. What type of errors can inadequate sample size lead to?

A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Type IV

Question 19

One approach to estimating sample size needs the ratio of predictor variables to total number of cases. Some experts recommend a ratio of 20 to 1 for which regressions?

A) Stepwise and simultaneous
B) Stepwise and hierarchical
C) Simultaneous and hierarchical
D) Stepwise

Question 20

What is an adjusted means?

A) Group means on the independent variable before adjusting for covariates
B) Group means on the dependent variable before adjusting for covariates
C) Group means on the independent variable after adjusting for covariates
D) Group means on the dependent variable after adjusting for covariates