Deck 11: The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic, 1800-1812

Question 1

Thomas Jefferson's "Revolution of 1800" was remarkable in that it  

A) moved the United States away from its democratic ideals.
B) marked the peaceful and orderly transfer of power on the basis of election results accepted by all parties.
C) occurred after he left the presidency.
D) caused America to do what the British had been doing for a generation regarding the election of a legislative body.
E) came about despite strong opposition from top officers in U.S. Continental Army and the U.S. Navy.

Answer 1

marked the peaceful and orderly transfer of power on the basis of election results accepted by all parties.

Question 2

One of the first lessons learned by the Jeffersonian Republicans after their victory in the 1800 presidential election was  

A) the need to strengthen diplomatic ties with Britain.
B) to go off the gold standard.
C) to decrease tariffs.
D) to institute an excise tax.
E) that it is easier to condemn from the stump than to govern consistently.

Answer 2

that it is easier to condemn from the stump than to govern consistently.

Question 3

The Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans presented themselves as all of the following except  

A) believers in a strong central government.
B) strict constructionists.
C) protectors of agrarian purity.
D) unmitigated opponents of the federal excise tax on whiskey.
E) strong supporters of state's rights.

Answer 3

believers in a strong central government.

Question 4

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:  ​
North America Following the Louisiana Purchase, c. 1803​

____ Spanish Florida

Question 5

All of the following accurately represent aspects of the historical and contemporaneous debate surrounding Thomas Jefferson's relationship with his slave Sally Hemings except  

A) rumors that Jefferson fathered her mulatto children were used by his political opponents to discredit him in the 1800 presidential election.
B) Jefferson consistently denied having had a sexual relationship with Sally Hemings throughout his life.
C) as late as the 1870s, one of Sally's children claimed that his mother identified Jefferson as the father of her five children.
D) in the late 20th century, DNA evidence showed a high probability that Jefferson fathered Sally's youngest son.
E) today, most scholars believe that Jefferson fathered only one of Hemings children; the other four had other fathers.

Question 6

Thomas Jefferson saw his election and his mission as president to include all of the following except  

A) to return to the original spirit of the revolution.
B) restore the republican experiment.
C) check the growth of government power.
D) halt the decay of virtue.
E) support the establishment of a strong army and navy to advance the imperialist ambitions of the United States.

Question 7

Thomas Jefferson's presidency was characterized by his  

A) unswerving conformity to Republican party principles.
B) rigid attention to formal protocol at White House gatherings.
C) moderation in the administration of public policy.
D) ruthless use of the patronage power to appoint Republicans to federal offices.
E) inability to get legislation passed by Congress.

Question 8

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:  ​
North America Following the Louisiana Purchase, c. 1803​

____ Louisiana Purchase of 1803

Question 9

Thomas Jefferson received the bulk of his political support from the  

A) South and the West
B) North.
C) large cities.
D) East.
E) New England.

Question 10

With Jefferson's refusal to use the presidency to dispense generously patronage positions and offices in government to his political supporters, the Democratic-Republican Party  

A) grew stronger and more unified.
B) removed many Federalists from government jobs.
C) soon resented its leaders' lavish life-style.
D) grew less unified even as the Federalist Party began to fade and lose power.
E) sought to extend the Alien and Sedition Acts to punish their enemies.

Question 11

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:  ​
North America Following the Louisiana Purchase, c. 1803​

____ Original United States by Treaty of 1783

Question 12

On becoming president, Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans in Congress immediately repealed  

A) the Alien and Sedition Acts.
B) the charter of the National Bank.
C) the excise tax on whiskey.
D) the funding and assumption of the national debt.
E) money to fund the naval build-up.

Question 13

In the election of 1800, the Federalists accused Thomas Jefferson of all of the following except  

A) having robbed a widow of her trust fund.
B) having fathered numerous mulatto children by his own slave women.
C) being an atheist.
D) conspiring with Aaron Burr to have Spain attack the United States.
E) having robbed children of their trust funds.

Question 14

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:  ​
North America Following the Louisiana Purchase, c. 1803​

____ Oregon Country

Question 15

When it came to the major Federalist economic programs, Thomas Jefferson as president  

A) left practically all of them intact.
B) quickly dismantled them.
C) slowly undid everything the Federalists achieved.
D) attacked only the Bank of the United States.
E) vetoed any new tariffs.

Question 16

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:  ​
North America Following the Louisiana Purchase, c. 1803​

____ British North America

Question 17

Despite Thomas Jefferson winning a majority of the popular vote and a majority of votes in the Electoral College during the election of 1800, a deadlock in the Electoral College led the election to being decided  

A) in the Senate.
B) by the majority of state legislatures.
C) in the House of Representatives.
D) by the Supreme Court.
E) by the Electoral Commission.

Question 18

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:  ​
North America Following the Louisiana Purchase, c. 1803​

___​_ New Spain

Question 19

As president, President Jefferson showed unexpected moderation and a conciliatory attitude toward his Federalist political opponent by  

A) dismissing very few public servants for political reasons.
B) refusing to repeal the federal excise tax enacted by the Federalists.
C) renewing the Sedition Act for another ten years.
D) pursuing a pro-British and anti-French foreign policy.
E) rejecting the expansion of slavery anywhere in the Louisiana Territory.

Question 20

In the 1800 presidential election, Thomas Jefferson won the deadlocked election because  

A) of the decisive political opposition among members of the House of Representatives against Alexander Hamilton, Jefferson's political rival
B) a few Federalists, unwilling to elect Aaron Burr as president, decided to abstain from voting in the House of Representatives, throwing the presidential election to Jefferson.
C) of the high taxes passed by the Adams administration.
D) Napoleon promised to sell the Louisiana Territory only to Jefferson.
E) Jefferson had a natural appeal for New York's urban ethnic voters.

Question 21

Lewis and Clark's expedition through the Louisiana Purchase territory yielded all of the following except  

A) a rich harvest of scientific observations.
B) treaties with several Indian nations.
C) geographical knowledge of the previously unknown region.
D) a plausible American claim to the Oregon region.
E) opening of the West to future exploration and trade.

Question 22

Thomas Jefferson sent two envoys to France in 1803 with the essential goal of  

A) preventing Napoleon from handing Louisiana back to Spain.
B) purchasing as much territory west of the Mississippi as they could get.
C) preventing Napoleon from fortifying New Orleans and St. Louis.
D) bribing the French foreign ministry into permitting Americans to deposit grain in New Orleans.
E) purchasing New Orleans to make it secure for American shippers.

Question 23

Arrange these events in chronological order: (A)Louisiana Purchase, (B)Chesapeake incident, (C)Burr's trial for treason, and (D)Embargo Act.  

A) A, B, D, C
B) C, D, A, B
C) A, C, B, D
D) D, B, C, A
E) B, D, C, A

Question 24

Thomas Jefferson ceased his opposition to the expansion of the navy when the  

A) the strategic usefulness of employing significant numbers of agile coastal naval crafts became apparent in the U.S. Navy's defeat of the Barbary Coast pirates during the Tripolitian War.
B) U.S. Marine Corps was established.
C) mosquito fleet was defeated by the pirates at Tripoli.
D) army was disbanded.
E) British blockaded the east coast.

Question 25

Thomas Jefferson's first major foreign-policy decision in 1803 was to  

A) purchase Louisiana from France.
B) send a naval squadron to the Mediterranean to end the blackmailing and plundering of U.S. merchant ships by the Barbary pirates of North Africa.
C) drive the British out of the northwest forts.
D) purchase Florida from Spain.
E) form an alliance with Spain.

Question 26

The case of Marbury v.Madison (1803)established that the Constitution mandated that the Supreme Court and not Congress nor the president of the United States had the authority  

A) to commit the United States to entangling alliances.
B) to impeach federal executive branch officers for "high crimes and misdemeanors."
C) to determine the meaning of the Constitution.
D) to purchase foreign territory for the United States.
E) to impeach other Supreme Court justices.

Question 27

Jefferson had authorized American negotiators to purchase only ____ from France.  

A) New Orleans and the Floridas
B) New Orleans and St. Louis
C) Santo Domingo
D) the Missouri River basin
E) the entire Louisiana Territory

Question 28

Napoleon chose to sell Louisiana to the United States for all of the following reasons except

A) he had suffered military misfortunes and setbacks on the island of Santo Domingo.
B) he feared that British control of the seas would force him to cede Louisiana to the British, giving Britain an important strategic advantage in his fateful and protracted war with his rival for imperial dominance in Europe and across the world.
C) he did not want to drive America into a political and military alliance with the British.
D) mosquitoes carrying yellow fever had decimated thousands of French troops on Santo Domingo.
E) he was afraid that the Spanish might seize Louisiana in a new war.

Question 29

Thomas Jefferson distrusted large standing armies because they  

A) were usually ineffective in battle.
B) always developed a destructive rivalry with the navy.
C) could be used to establish a dictatorship.
D) were contrary to Article II of the Constitution.
E) would be made up of citizen soldiers.

Question 30

In order to enhance the diplomatic leverage of the negotiations being conducted by American envoys James Monroe and Robert Livingston with Napoleonic France concerning obtaining American shipping access to the port of New Orleans and the Gulf of Mexico, President Jefferson

A) threatened to form an alliance with France's enemy, Spain.
B) was willing to go to war with France and Britain, simultaneously.
C) proposed to break away from all alliances to prove our neutrality.
D) was willing to use funds from private individuals if Congress would not authorize enough money for the purchase.
E) proposed to make an alliance with his old enemy, Britain, against Napoleonic France.

Question 31

The American naval war with Tripoli ended with  

A) America's overthrow of the Tripoli government.
B) a substantial defeat of the main American fleet.
C) thepeace treaty in 1805 with the pasha of Tripoli, costing merely $60,000 for the ransom payments of the captured Americans.
D) the French colonial conquest of North Africa.
E) the mediation of Islamic religious authorities.

Question 32

The difference in price between what Jefferson had authorized his negotiators to pay for New Orleans and West Florida and what they actually paid for all of Louisiana was  

A) negligible.
B) $150 million.
C) $25 million.
D) $100 million.
E) $ 5 million

Question 33

Thomas Jefferson saw navies as less dangerous than armies because they  

A) were generally smaller in numbers.
B) had little chance of starting a war.
C) were in less contact with foreign powers.
D) could not march inland and endanger liberties.
E) were more useful in protecting overseas trade.

Question 34

Which of these is NOT a true statement about the Louisiana Purchase?  

A) Senators quickly approved the purchase.
B) It had enthusiastic public support.
C) It was the best real estate bargain in history - adding 828,000 square miles to the United States at three cents an acre.
D) It more than quadrupuled the size of the United States.
E) It cost $15 million.

Question 35

In an effort to improve the defense of America's coastal shores, Thomas Jefferson  

A) built a fleet of large frigates and destroyers.
B) signed a mutual defense treaty with Spain which also involved the purchase of Spanish naval vessels.
C) constructed two hundred small gunboats.
D) signed a peace treaty with Great Britain.
E) signed a new mutual defense treaty with France.

Question 36

The Chief Justice of the U.S.Supreme Court who, more than any other federal official, was able to carry out the Federalist ideas of Alexander Hamilton concerning strengthening the power of the federal government was  

A) Roger Taney.
B) William Marbury.
C) John Marshall.
D) Samuel Chase.
E) John Jay.

Question 37

Before he became chief justice of the Supreme Court, John Marshall's service at Valley Forge during the American Revolution convinced him  

A) to support Thomas Jefferson and his republican principles.
B) to give up the life of a soldier and return to law school.
C) of the drawbacks of feeble central authority.
D) of the futility of opposing Britain.
E) of the dangers of a strong central government.

Question 38

As chief justice of the United States, John Marshall helped to ensure that  

A) states' rights were protected.
B) the programs of Alexander Hamilton were overturned.
C) the political and economic systems were based on a strong central government.
D) both the Supreme Court and the president could rule a law unconstitutional.
E) Aaron Burr was convicted of treason.

Question 39

Thomas Jefferson and his political supporters opposed John Adams's last-minute appointment of new federal judges mainly because  

A) the judges appointed were viewed by Jefferson and his political supporters as incompetent.
B) they believed that the appointments were unconstitutional.
C) they did not want a showdown with the Supreme Court.
D) it was an attempt by the Federalists, who had been defeated in the congressional and presidential elections of 1800, to maintain political influence in the federal government.
E) these judges were superfluous in a federal judiciary with relatively few civil and criminal cases being filed and tried each year.

Question 40

Thomas Jefferson was conscience-stricken about the purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France because  

A) the Federalists supported his action.
B) he was concerned that the purchase of the Louisiana Territory could arguably be considered to be unconstitutional.
C) he felt that the purchase was not a fair deal for France.
D) war with Spain might occur.
E) he feared the British might use it as an excuse to declare war on the United States.

Question 41

Of the following, the only argument not put forward by the war hawks as a justification for a declaration of war against Britain was that  

A) the British armed Indians and incited them to raid frontier settlements.
B) British impressment policies were an affront to American nationalism.
C) Britain's commercial restrictions had come close to destroying America's profitable New England shipping business.
D) British Canada and Spanish Florida were attractive and easily obtainable prizes of war.
E) the orders in council stopped the flow of Western farm products to Europe.

Question 42

Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A)war hawks enter Congress, (B)declaration of war on Britain, (C)Embargo Act, and (D)Battle of Tippecanoe.  

A) A, B, C, D
B) C, A, D, B
C) B, C, A, D
D) B, A, D, C
E) B, C, D, A

Question 43

Tecumseh argued that Indians should  

A) never cede any Indian land to whites under any conditions or per any agreement with whites.
B) move west of the Mississippi River.
C) not cede control of land to whites unless all Indians agreed.
D) exchange traditional buckskin clothing for cloth garments.
E) fight as individual tribes and not as a confederacy.

Question 44

In 1812, President James Madison turned to war  

A) to guarantee his reelection.
B) due to his extreme hatred of Great Britain.
C) to fulfill alliance obligations with France.
D) to fulfill alliance obligations with nationhood Spain.
E) because he came to believe that only a vigorous, aggressive assertion of American political and economic rights could demonstrate the viability of American nationhood and the republican experiment in the United States.

Question 45

Which of these does not describe the ways in which Americans responded to Jefferson's embargo?  

A) The Federalist party gained new converts and was revived to fight it.
B) New England threatened to secede from the United States.
C) Farmers of the South and West were as adversely impacted by the embargos as their counterparts in New England.
D) Southern states promised not to enforce the embargo and took steps to break away from the Union.
E) Americans engaged in an illicit trade at the Canadian border and cursed it as "Dambargo."

Question 46

Native American leader Tecumseh was killed in 1813 at the Battle of  

A) Tippecanoe.
B) the Thames.
C) Horseshoe Bend.
D) New Orleans.
E) Fallen Timbers.

Question 47

The Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811 resulted in  

A) a surprising military loss for the army of Indiana Territory Governor William Henry Harrison against the Shawnee Indian confederacy forces led by Tenskwatawa, known as "the Prophet."
B) a Shawnee loss and a Creek victory.
C) a declaration of war by the United States against Great Britain.
D) the expulsion of the British from Florida.
E) the death of the dream of an Indian confederacy.

Question 48

Macon's Bill No.2  

A) halted trade with France.
B) permitted trade with all nations but promised that if either Britain or France lifted its commercial restrictions on American trade, the U.S. would stop trading with the nation that had not repealed its commercial restrictions on American trade.
C) forbade American trade with Britain and France but promised to open trade with either country if it would cease its violations of American neutrality rights.
D) repealed the Embargo Act of 1807.
E) halted trade with Britain.

Question 49

Following his infamous duel with Alexander Hamilton, Aaron Burr in 1806  

A) remained the trusted vice president and political confidante of President Jefferson.
B) resigned the vice-presidency to become a member of the Federalist Party and prepared to run as a presidential candidate in 1808.
C) was arrested for treason and found guilty ofthis political crime.
D) was arrested and found innocent of murder.
E) conspired with an unsavory military governor of the Louisiana Territory, General James Wilkinson, to undermine the legitimate authority of the U.S. government and expand their new confederacy to Spanish-controlled Mexico and Florida.

Question 50

The British impressed American sailors into the British navy because

A) the Americans took the Chesapeake.
B) they needed more military conscripts for their imperial military engagements around the world.
C) Parliament passed a law.
D) of the XYZ affair.
E) they wanted to punish the United States.

Question 51

To deal with British and French violations of America's neutrality, President Jefferson

A) declared war on Britain.
B) enacted an economic embargo that prohibited the exports of all goods from the United States, regardless of whether they were being shipped on American or foreign merchant ships.
C) declared war on France.
D) enacted an economic embargo on the exports of all goods shipped from the United States to Britain, but merely raised the level of export duties (taxes) on all goods shipped from the United States to France.
E) concluded trade treaties with Spain and Holland.

Question 52

President Jefferson's foreign policy of economic coercion  

A) underestimated British dependence on American trade.
B) adversely affected France's economy more than Britain's.
C) stimulated manufacturing in New England.
D) destroyed the Federalist party in New England.
E) succeeded in its goal of forcing the British to halt its impressment of American sailors.

Question 53

The British policy of impressment was functionally equivalent to   

A) a naval blockade.
B) an economic boycott.
C) a forced enlistment.
D) diplomatic negotiations.
E) a formal declaration of war on the United States.

Question 54

Who served as the crucial guide(s), aiding Lewis and Clark in their expedition through the Louisiana Territory?  

A) The Mandan Indians
B) The Shoshone woman Sacajawea
C) Abattalion of U.S. Marines
D) Abattalion of the U.S. Army
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 55

Lewis and Clark demonstrated the viability of  

A) travel across the isthmus of Panama.
B) an overland trail to the Pacific.
C) settlement in the southern portion of the Louisiana territory.
D) using Indian guides.
E) developing harbors on the Pacific coast.

Question 56

By 1810, the most insistent demand for a declaration of war against Britain came from  

A) New England merchants.
B) the West and South.
C) Federalists.
D) the middle Atlantic states.
E) southern states.

Question 57

President James Madison made a major strategic foreign policy mistake that undermined his effort to persuade Britain to repeal its commercial restriction against American trade when he  

A) accepted Napoleon's promise to repeal its trade restrictions.
B) failed to suppress the war hawks in his own party.
C) permitted Napoleon to offer financial aid to the United States.
D) failed to take up Napoleon's suggestion that French trade restrictions would be lifted if the American trade restrictions on trade with France were repealed by the United States.
E) tried to use Russia as a counterweight to Britain and France.

Question 58

The war hawks demanded war with Britain because they wanted to do all of the following except  

A) wipe out renewed Indian resistance.
B) affirm the right of America to trade freely with the world, unencumbered by British imperial economic policy.
C) ​demonstrate their American patriotism and bravery to other citizens, especially their Revolutionary era forefathers.
D) retaliate for the British burning of Washington, D.C.
E) revenge the British manhandling of American sailors.

Question 59

The Chesapeake affair involved the flagrant use of  

A) patronage.
B) impeachment.
C) judicial review.
D) impressment.
E) naval blockades.

Question 60

President Jefferson's embargo failed for all of the following reasons except that  

A) he underestimated the determination of the British.
B) he underestimated Britain's dependence on American trade.
C) he overestimated the dependence of Britain and France on America's trade.
D) Latin American republicsopened up theirports for commerce.
E) he miscalculated the difficulty of enforcing it.

Question 61

Seafaring New England Federalists opposed the War of 1812 because of all of the following except  

A) the Northeast Federalists sympathized with England.
B) they resented the Republican's sympathy with Napoleon.
C) Federalists opposed the acquisition of Canada.
D) the war could result in more agrarian states in the West.
E) their extremely strong trade ties with France.

Question 62

Set the historical context of the following quote, "It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is...." Which principle does this establish? Has this principle had any impact in our current political and legal affairs? How so? Do you agree with the principle or not? Why or why not?

Question 63

List at least three key principles of government advanced by Thomas Jefferson and the Democratic-Republican party before 1800.Describe how these ideals fared during Jefferson's administration.Were they translated into public policy? Explain how or, if not, why not.

Question 64

Assess the validity of Jefferson's claim that the election of 1800 "was a revolution comparable to that of 1776." Do you consider that revolution to be a real revolution or a more moderate evolution in American political history? Support your answer.

Question 65

During the War of 1812, the New England states  

A) supported the United States' war effort.
B) lent more money and sent more food to the British army than to the American army.
C) gave no support to either the Americans or the British.
D) allowed their militias to fight wherever the federal government requested.
E) declared their independence from the United States.

Question 66

What basis did Thomas Jefferson have for believing that American trade could be used as a diplomatic tool? Would you judge his economic coercion policy a failure or a success? Why or why not?

Question 67

The text's authors believe that the Louisiana Purchase was "the most glorious achievement of Jefferson as president." Do you agree? Why or why not?

Question 68

Why do the text's authors refer to the case of Marbury v.Madison (1803) as "epochal"? Describe the short- and long-term ramifications of the decision.

Question 69

New England Federalists opposed the acquisition of Canada because  

A) there were too many French immigrants and frontiersmen there.
B) Canadian business would prove too competitive to New England Federalists' economic interests.
C) it was too agrarian and would give more votes to the Democratic-Republicans.
D) they believed that the Canadians could never become Americanized.
E) they feared that the hostile Indians who lived there would prove to be too difficult to suppress.

Question 70

Set the following statement in its historical context, "The day France takes possession of New Orleans we must marry ourselves to the British fleet and nation." Why was Thomas Jefferson so alarmed?

Question 71

What was the role of particular Indian nations and individual Indians in the success of the Lewis and Clark expedition? Evaluate the influence of the Lewis and Clark expedition in facilitating American settlement of and political claims to the West.

Question 72

Once begun, the War of 1812 was supported strongly by  

A) practically all Americans.
B) New England and the seaboard states.
C) very few people.
D) the West and South.
E) Native Americans.

Question 73

Suppose you were a faithful Democratic-Republican party adviser to President Jefferson in 1803.What arguments would you present in favor of the Louisiana Purchase? What arguments opposing the purchase would you have to counter?