Deck 26: The Digestive System

Question 1

The nurse is reviewing with a client the digestive pathway. The nurse asks the client to place the steps in the correct sequence. Which is correct?
1) The physical breakdown of food is accomplished by the process of mastication.
2) The chemical breakdown of food occurs by the release of various enzymes.
3) The process of churning the food takes place in the pylorus of the stomach.
4) Absorption of the dissolved molecules occurs in the small intestine. The molecules are then taken into circulation.
5) Dilution of the food entering the digestive tract is accomplished by water and various enzymes.

A) 1, 3, 2, 5, 4
B) 2, 4, 3, 5, 1
C) 3, 5, 2, 1, 4
D) 4, 2, 5, 1, 3

Answer 1

1, 3, 2, 5, 4

Question 2

What is the function of the salivary gland?

A) It senses the temperature and texture of food and accordingly releases needed saliva.
B) Its secretions are mixed with gastric juices and churned until it is in a semiliquid form called chyme.
C) It stimulates contractions that results in continuation of the act of swallowing and pushes the food into the esophagus.
D) Secretion helps in moistening the food, making it easier to swallow and preventing oral infections.

Answer 2

Secretion helps in moistening the food, making it easier to swallow and preventing oral infections.

Question 3

What are functions of the incisor teeth? Select all that apply.

A) Cut food
B) Tear food
C) Grind food
D) Crush food
E) Hold food

Answer 3

Cut food
Tear food

Question 4

Which statement describes the process of deglutition?

A) Alternate contraction and relaxation of muscles that sends food down through the digestive tube
B) Act of chewing
C) Process of transferring broken-down food elements into the circulation for transport
D) Process of swallowing

Question 5

Which client diagnosis will result in altered mastication?

A) Broken jaw
B) Gastric ulcer
C) Strep throat
D) Nut allergy

Question 6

Which statement about intrinsic factor is accurate?

A) Stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen
B) Stimulates the pancreas to secrete enzymes and the gallbladder to release bile
C) Produced by the parietal cells in the gastric mucosa
D) Secreted by the duodenum and jejunum in response to the presence of fat in the duodenum

Question 7

What information about the process of digestion is important for the nurse to provide about gastrin? Select all that apply.

A) Stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen
B) Stimulates the pancreas to secrete enzymes and the gallbladder to release bile
C) Produced by the parietal cells in the gastric mucosa
D) Secreted by the jejunum in response to the presence of fat in the duodenum
E) ^{It is required for the effective absorption of vitamin B}12

Question 8

The client demonstrates understanding when stating that carbohydrates are broken down into what substances? Select all that apply.

A) Glycerol
B) Amino acid
C) Glucose
D) Galactose
E) Fructose

Question 9

Damage to what structure of the tooth requires either a root canal procedure or removal of the tooth?

A) Crown
B) Pulp
C) Dentin
D) Root

Question 10

Which enzymes are responsible for facilitating the formation of proteins into amino acids? Select all that apply.

A) Pepsin
B) Trypsin
C) Maltase
D) Lactose
E) Chymotrypsin

Question 11

Which is vital to the body's proper metabolism?

A) Stomach
B) Gallbladder
C) Pancreas
D) Liver

Question 12

What statement concerning catabolism is correct?

A) Sum total of all the changes, both physical and chemical, that occur within the body
B) Amount of energy used by the body at rest
C) Breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules
D) Involves the synthesis of simpler substances to form new, organized substances

Question 13

What is a function of the pancreas?

A) Secretes the hormones insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin into the bloodstream
B) Stores fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, K) and iron
C) Forms vitamin A; stores vitamin B complex
D) Stores glucose as glycogen

Question 14

Which part of the colon absorbs about 80% of the body's water to help prevent dehydration?

A) Small intestine
B) Distal colon
C) Proximal colon
D) Large intestine

Question 15

What is an effect of aging on the digestive system?

A) Food tends to stay in the stomach for a shorter period of time
B) Nutrient absorption is increased due to reduction in the size of villi
C) Older adults tend to have an inadequate fluid intake
D) Peristalsis speeds up with age

Question 16

What physiological mechanism may lead to the development of heartburn?

A) Inadequate closure of lower esophageal sphincter
B) Improper relaxation of the internal anal sphincter
C) Impaired closure of the ileocecal valve
D) Partial relaxation of the pyloric sphincter

Question 17

What factor is known to decrease one's ability to taste?

A) The client's stomach may be irritated.
B) The client has a short frenulum.
C) The client may be experiencing achalasia.
D) The client may be a smoker.

Question 18

What response by the client indicates understanding of the cause of pernicious anemia?

A) "Lack of vitamin K causes pernicious anemia."
B) ^{"Lack of vitamin B}12 ^{causes pernicious anemia."}
C) "Lack of amino acids causes pernicious anemia."
D) "Lack of starch molecules causes pernicious anemia."

Question 19

The nurse is caring for a 3-month-old baby who has been diagnosed with pyloric stenosis. For which sign should a nurse assess?

A) Projectile vomiting
B) Milk regurgitation
C) Swallowing problems
D) Diarrhea

Question 20

What action occurs when bile is released by the gallbladder?

A) Breakdown of protein
B) Formation of urea
C) Emulsification of fat
D) Synthesis of immunoglobulin