Deck 10: Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

Veata feels her stomach growling for food while she is attempting a math test. Which of the following hormones is most likely responsible for stimulating Veata's hunger and need for food?

A) Ghrelin
B) Leptin
C) Glucosamine
D) Insulin

Answer 1

Ghrelin

Question 2

Which of the following areas of the brain is related to emotion and personality?

A) Corpus callosum
B) Occipital lobe
C) Olfactory bulb
D) Prefrontal cortex

Answer 2

Prefrontal cortex

Question 3

According to the optimal arousal model of motivation, which of the following is true?

A) The optimal level of arousal is central to external incentives rather than internal drives.
B) Low arousal improves performance.
C) High arousal leads to poor performance.
D) High arousal leads to superior performance.

Answer 3

High arousal leads to poor performance.

Question 4

In the context of the models of motivation, maintaining homeostasis is a major motivating factor in the ________ model of motivation.

A) drive reduction
B) evolutionary
C) optimal arousal
D) hierarchical

Question 5

The need for affiliation corresponds to the ________ level of needs in Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

A) belongingness
B) self-actualization
C) safety
D) physiological

Question 6

The normal human body temperature of 98.6° F is the ________ for that particular bodily system.

A) reaction range
B) affective trait
C) set point
D) antecedent event

Question 7

Which of the following is generally associated with "stomach sensations" across cultures?

A) Disgust
B) Fear
C) Surprise
D) Sadness

Question 8

Tom, a 10-year-old, plays the drums very well. His instructor gives him a candy every time he plays a drum pattern correctly and on time. Tom regularly practices drum patterns and strives to excel in it. This scenario shows that Tom is influenced by ________.

A) the need for affiliation
B) extrinsic motivation
C) behavioral momentum
D) negative reinforcement

Question 9

Tony was at first fearful of riding his motorcycle to work as his father and brother both had been victims of road accidents. However, he evaluated the benefits that riding his own motorcycle would give-he could reach office on time and not have to depend on his friend for a ride. This made him look forward to using the motorcycle. In this scenario, the emotion process used by Tony to change his view of an event is known as ________.

A) appraisal
B) reappraisal
C) self-consciousness
D) expressive suppression

Question 10

As part of an experimental study on neuropeptides and their effect on emotions, Hilda administers a certain chemical to a group of teenagers, which has been chosen as the sample. The effects of this chemical include a feeling of elation and a need for affiliation. The group of teenagers considered for research exhibits a need to socialize more with the people on campus. Which of the following is the group of teenagers likely to have been given?

A) Ghrelin
B) Lutein
C) Oxytocin
D) Melanin

Question 11

Research findings show that the emotional processing is highly interlinked with ________.

A) cognitive processing
B) digestive processing
C) cardiovascular processing
D) respiratory processing

Question 12

Which of the following is true of the parental investment theory?

A) Women are reluctant to engage in casual sex for fear of pregnancy.
B) Sexual orientation exists on a continuum from exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual.
C) Men are eager to engage in casual sex to impress rivals with their sexual prowess.
D) Parental prohibition against sexual activity actually increases the likelihood of early sexual behavior.

Question 13

Who among the following would be considered obese?

A) Feng has a body mass index (BMI) of 26.
B) Bai's body mass index (BMI) is 32.
C) Ahmed's body mass index (BMI) is 15.
D) Abiba has body mass index (BMI) of 24.

Question 14

Rising glucose levels stimulate the production of ________ in the body.

A) cortisol
B) thyroxin
C) melatonin
D) insulin

Question 15

Which of the following people is motivated by an intrinsic factor?

A) Kim resolves to stay less active on social media for a month prior to her exams in order to get a good grade.
B) Though he dislikes sales, Roberto takes up a sales job hoping to become a manager in his company.
C) Jean works hard to learn a computer program she dislikes because she knows it can increase her chances of a promotion.
D) Despite her fear of heights, Donna begins mountain climbing because she loves the challenge of overcoming her fear.

Question 16

A person's body mass index (BMI) is calculated by ________.

A) dividing weight by height squared to yield a weight-to-height ratio
B) determining waist circumference to yield a waist-to-height ratio
C) measuring a person's waist-to-hip ratio
D) conducting a volumetric and body composition analysis

Question 17

________ is defined as the urge to move toward one's goals.

A) Deprivation
B) Perception
C) Emotion
D) Motivation

Question 18

The major male sex hormone, testosterone, is produced by the ________ glands.

A) thyroid
B) pituitary
C) pineal
D) adrenal

Question 19

According to Atkinson, the tendency to achieve includes all the following EXCEPT ________.

A) the need for affiliation
B) the incentive value of success
C) the motivation to succeed
D) the expectation of success

Question 20

Which of the following is a characteristic of children who have attended socioemotional (SEL) programs?

A) They are fluent in different languages.
B) They have better motor skills.
C) They have higher grade point average (GPA) scores.
D) They suffer from Attention Deficit Disorder.

Question 21

Which of the following can be associated with intrinsic motivation?

A) Praise
B) Allowance
C) Reward
D) Enjoyment

Question 22

According to Ekman's neurocultural theory of emotion, which of the following may be different across cultures?

A) The facial expressions that accompany emotions
B) The regulation of emotions in the presence of others
C) The physiological underpinnings of emotions
D) The bodily functioning during expression of emotions

Question 23

Which of the following is true for intrinsic motivation in the workplace?

A) If people perceive that they are being controlled by others, then their own intrinsic interest in doing the task increases.
B) The enjoyment component of intrinsic motivation drops only a little over the course of one's career.
C) Autonomy and self-determination can be detrimental to the emotional component of intrinsic motivation in the workplace.
D) The need for challenge in employees rises throughout their careers, peaking at retirement.

Question 24

Why has the concept of emotional intelligence been so readily applied to the field of education?

A) It has led to teachers becoming better at teaching the principles of mathematics.
B) It has led to more students opting for subjects such as science or psychology.
C) It has led to increased student enrollment in extracurricular activities.
D) It has led to higher grade point average (GPA) in adolescents.

Question 25

Identify a true statement about high-glycemic foods.

A) High-glycemic foods include fruits, vegetables, grains, and beans.
B) A person feels full longer and eats less after eating high-glycemic foods because they are digested more slowly than low-glycemic foods.
C) High-glycemic diets are risk factors for coronary heart disease and adult-onset diabetes.
D) In general, it is healthier and easier to lose weight when diets are relatively high glycemic.

Question 26

Which of the following hormones is produced by the pancreas and transports glucose to target cells?

A) Progesterone
B) Ghrelin
C) Insulin
D) Adrenaline

Question 27

According to the American Psychiatric Association (2013), which of the following terms best implies that a behavior is not wanted and causes stress for either the person suffering from it or the individual's family, friends, and social contacts?

A) Distressing
B) Dysfunctional
C) Aberrant
D) Deviant

Question 28

What was the radically new view of sexual orientation proposed by Alfred Kinsey in the 1940s?

A) Sexual orientation exists on a continuum from exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual.
B) Sexual orientation is mainly influenced by nature rather than nurture.
C) Sexual orientation should be measured separately for me and women to avoid sample bias.
D) Sexual orientation of men and women are often determined by the sizes of their brains.

Question 29

After being appreciated for her recent presentation at work, Hea Jung is keen on putting in a lot more effort for her next presentation. Through her presentation skills, she is determined to impress her boss and colleagues once again. Hea Jung's behavior is being influenced by ________.

A) the overjustification effect
B) extrinsic motivation
C) intrinsic motivation
D) the need for affiliation

Question 30

Emotions that require considering oneself in relation to the expectations of others are called ________ emotions.

A) basic
B) self-conscious
C) self-driven
D) primal

Question 31

Shane's father wants him to train as an investment banker and join the family business. Although Shane respects his father's opinion, he is very clear that he wants to be an author considering that he is extremely passionate about writing. Which of the following is guiding Shane's choice of profession?

A) Extrinsic motivation
B) Altruism
C) Peer pressure
D) Intrinsic motivation

Question 32

Rebecca was extremely jealous of her brother earning a full college scholarship, yet she knew she had to act happy for him. Her behavior is an example of ________.

A) reappraisal
B) the Yerkes-Dodson laws
C) display rules
D) vicarious reinforcement

Question 33

Brain imaging studies show that when people are asked to think of their own name the ________ is activated more than when they are asked to think of names of fictitious characters.

A) insula
B) anterior cingulate cortex
C) hypothalamus
D) medial prefrontal cortex

Question 34

________ are inherently biological states of cellular or bodily deficiency that compel drives.

A) Needs
B) Incentives
C) Moods
D) Emotions

Question 35

Which of the following is true of food habits?

A) A single exposure to a new flavor will determine preference or non-preference.
B) Preferences for particular foods are set during childhood and do not change.
C) No amount of exposure can make children like a food they initially disliked.
D) Food habits and preferences are shaped by the culture in which a person lives.

Question 36

Which of the following is true of positive emotions?

A) When people are in positive moods they perform poorly on tasks of selective attention that require a narrow focus.
B) People experiencing positive moods perform worse on tasks that require a broader attentional focus.
C) Positive emotions reduce attention to visual information in the outer edges of a visual display.
D) People experiencing positive emotions have a narrow focus compared to people experiencing negative emotions.

Question 37

Which of the following is true of intrinsic motivation?

A) Intrinsic motivation happens when people do something simply because they enjoy doing it.
B) Intrinsic motivation is not advised if a job requires creativity.
C) Intrinsic motivation increases in an environment that is not very diverse.
D) Intrinsic motivation is a static attribute as it does not change with life circumstances.

Question 38

Rajesh heads the creative team at an advertising company. The members of his team comprise artists and designers who are expected to be quite creative and time conscious in order to deliver campaigns on time. Which of the following will help Rajesh in making sure that the campaigns are inspired by creativity?

A) Rajesh should have managers who know when to put controls on the creative process and when not to.
B) Rajesh should try to hire people of similar backgrounds as it will help them in being more creative.
C) Rajesh should choose executives who think they are the only source of good ideas.
D) Rajesh should refrain from eliciting and championing ideas from anyone in the company.

Question 39

Alisha is conducting a research on neuropeptides and their effects on emotions in humans. She administers a certain chemical to a sample group of teenagers. The effects of this chemical on the teenagers include a feeling of wanting to be around other people, to cooperate with others, and to show greater generosity toward others. In this scenario, Alisha has most likely given the group of teenagers a dose of ________.

A) leptin
B) ghrelin
C) oxytocin
D) melanin

Question 40

Which of the following is most likely true of Amara, whose amygdala was damaged during a car accident?

A) She has a difficult time expressing fear and its related emotions.
B) She cannot experience the emotion of happiness.
C) She cannot concentrate for a long period of time.
D) She is completely unemotional.

Question 41

Jason believes that the best way to motivate his employees is through increments and promotions. However, Sara believes that the best way to motivate employees is by letting employees come up with their own ideas and creating scope for challenging and interesting tasks at work. On the basis of their characteristics, it can be said that Jason believes in ________ model of motivation, whereas Sarah believes in ________ model of motivation.

A) extrinsic; intrinsic
B) intrinsic; extrinsic
C) perceived organizational support; intrinsic
D) extrinsic; perceived organizational support

Question 42

Experiencing goose flesh is a physiological condition that is generally associated with the emotion of ________.

A) sadness
B) disgust
C) anger
D) fear

Question 43

Lawrence is part of his school's soccer team. According to the theories of Yerkes and Dodson, in which of the following games is Lawrence likely to perform his best?

A) A high-energy finale against an aggressive opponent with absolutely no support from fans
B) A championship game against his team's rival, with the arena filled with screaming fans
C) A practice game at the beginning of the season, with no fans present
D) A midseason game against an equally skilled team, with several fans present

Question 44

According to the evolutionary model of motivation, the biological purpose of any living organism is to ________.

A) migrate to a favorable climate
B) survive and reproduce
C) find a place in its social group
D) create mutations in its species

Question 45

To which model of motivation would the theory of survival of the fittest most likely belong?

A) The hierarchical model
B) The optimal arousal model
C) The drive reduction model
D) The evolutionary model

Question 46

Becky, a 13-year-old, is known for her competitive spirit. She aces her grades and is a top performer in athletics. She works hard and continually improves herself to overcome her shortcomings. She constantly challenges herself and tries to outperform herself. Becky has the ________.

A) need for affiliation
B) need to belong
C) need for association
D) need to excel

Question 47

The optimal body mass index (BMI) is ________.

A) 28-30
B) below 15
C) 19-24
D) 32 and above

Question 48

In the context of socioemotional learning, PATHS (Providing Alternative Thinking Strategies) is a concept designed by ________.

A) Peter Salovey
B) Greenberg and Kusché
C) Daniel Goleman
D) Salovey and Caruso

Question 49

The part of the brain that plays a pivotal role in quick appraisals during threatening or fear-inducing situation is the ________.

A) amygdala
B) hippocampus
C) corpus callosum
D) thalamus

Question 50

Which of the following is true of dieting?

A) Dieting cannot lead to problems such as heart disease.
B) Dieting generally leads to long-term weight loss.
C) Dieting, particularly in the pattern of losing and regaining weight, can alter immune function.
D) People usually do not regain the weight lost as a result of dieting.

Question 51

According to the study conducted by Chaput, Després, and Tremblay in 2007, who among the following is most likely to have trouble losing weight?

A) Ryan, a carpenter, has joined a weight-loss program with his friends.
B) Keith, a teacher, consumes whole-grain foods as snacks.
C) Janice, a dietician, ensures that she gets moderate physical activity each day totaling approximately 30 minutes.
D) Raj, a software engineer, usually gets less than enough sleep.

Question 52

The term ________ is defined as the inherent drive to realize one's full potential.

A) "self-obsession"
B) "self-actualization"
C) "self-observation"
D) "self-deception"

Question 53

According to the ________ of motivation, the processes of natural and sexual selection have shaped motivation over time to make all animals, including humans, want those things that help them survive and reproduce.

A) optimal arousal model
B) evolutionary model
C) drive reduction model
D) hierarchical model

Question 54

Catherine wants to enter a weight-loss program after reading about it in a health magazine. In the context of Wing and Jeffery's research in 1999, which of the following will increase Catherine's chances of losing weight during the program?

A) Cutting down food intake to only one meal per day
B) Choosing high-glycemic foods and low-fiber cereals
C) Eating breakfast every alternate day
D) Enrolling with friends who can offer social support

Question 55

According to the evolutionary model of motivation, the major motives of living organisms involve ________.

A) survival and reproduction needs and drives
B) economic and ethical needs
C) social and theological needs
D) self-esteem needs and incentives

Question 56

Karen has an extreme fear of being overweight. This has led her to severely restrict her food intake. Her doctor has informed her that her body mass index (BMI) is 15. She has an extremely distorted body image and believes that she is too heavy in spite of how thin she really is. In the context of eating disorders, Karen is most likely suffering from ________.

A) pica
B) rumination syndrome
C) anorexia nervosa
D) Prader-Willi syndrome

Question 57

Which of the following hormones plays a major role in stimulating sexual response?

A) Cortisol
B) Melanin
C) Testosterone
D) Ghrelin

Question 58

Much of the research on the amygdala has centered on its pivotal role in ________.

A) regulating consciousness, sleep, and alertness in an individual
B) forming quick appraisals during threatening or fear-inducing situations
C) recording information about one's environment and its spatial orientation
D) changing people's moods during soothing or peaceful situations

Question 59

Which of the following is true about the effect of Botox on emotions?

A) Botox can affect one's ability to read emotions in others.
B) Botox only reduces the intensity of negative emotions.
C) Botox only reduces the intensity of positive emotions.
D) Botox-induced paralysis of facial muscles only affects facial expressions.

Question 60

Which of the following emotions can only be experienced if a person possesses a sense of self and the ability to re?ect on his or her own actions?

A) Shame
B) Anger
C) Fear
D) Disgust

Question 61

Which of the following is an example of a motivated behavior?

A) A baby smiling
B) A musician learning a new piece
C) The wind blowing hard
D) A tree growing

Question 62

In the context of an individual's need to belong, identify a true statement about human behavior.

A) The use of social network sites (SNSs), such as Facebook, can decrease self-esteem and well-being.
B) Being rejected or being bullied makes people more prone to anger and aggression toward others.
C) The need for affiliation is low in childhood and increases as we age.
D) An individual feels the need for friends only when he or she is young.

Question 63

Feeling weak in the knees is a physiological condition that is generally associated with the emotion of ________.

A) disgust
B) fear
C) anger
D) sadness

Question 64

Gita is spiritual, is in touch with her emotions, and is kind to others. According to Maslow's theory, Gita has most likely reached the level of ________.

A) self-actualization
B) egocentrism
C) reaction formation
D) expressive suppression

Question 65

The term ________ is defined as an energetic push toward accomplishing tasks, such as getting dinner, getting rich, and getting lucky.

A) "motivation"
B) "tolerance"
C) "perception"
D) "emotion"

Question 66

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

A) It contains the spinal cord.
B) It regulates the gastrointestinal system.
C) It controls our reasoning.
D) It governs changes in heart rate.

Question 67

Which of the following necessitates a reduction in the food intake of people living in industrialized nations today?

A) The prevalence of sedentary lifestyles
B) The increase in life expectancy
C) Improved medical technology
D) Increasing food scarcity

Question 68

A Duchenne smile is one that ________.

A) is used to be polite
B) expresses true joy
C) expresses fake pleasure
D) does not use the lips

Question 69

Due to its involvement in planning, impulse control, and working memory, the ________ of the human brain plays a role in the appraisal and reappraisal of emotion.

A) septal nucleus
B) prefrontal cortex
C) olfactory tract
D) nucleus accumbens

Question 70

Who among the following is likely to be motivated by an intrinsic factor?

A) Jean takes up a project management course to enhance her skills and secure a promotion during the appraisals in her organization.
B) Elisa takes up a marketing job hoping to become a manager in her company although she dislikes marketing.
C) Tyler, despite his fear of water, starts to learn swimming because he loves the challenge of overcoming his fears.
D) Jerry decides to stop watching TV for three months prior to his exams so that he can get good grades.

Question 71

Ivanna saw a couple of teenagers damage her porch with spray paint and graffiti. However, she did not express anger at the teenagers; instead, she just requested them to leave her property. In this situation, Ivanna chose ________ to regulate her emotions.

A) displacement
B) reaction formation
C) expressive suppression
D) reappraisal

Question 72

Edwin saw a gang of teenagers throw stones at his car. He saw the damage this caused and became very angry. He chased the teens, and although he could not get hold of them, he was able to recognize them. Edwin knew that it would be better to seek compensation for the damage done, rather than trying to retaliate. He reported the incident to the police, and swore he would sue the parents of the boys to make them pay for the damages to the car. Which of the following was the antecedent event in Edwin's emotion-charged situation?

A) Chasing the teens
B) Being unsuccessful in catching the teens
C) Becoming angry
D) Seeing the teens throw stones at his car

Question 73

Feeling cold is a physiological condition that is generally associated with the emotion of ________.

A) disgust
B) sadness
C) fear
D) anger

Question 74

Eder and R. Eisenberg reported research that supports the idea that when employees work at companies that care about their well-being, they are more likely to ________.

A) be happier at their jobs
B) take long lunch breaks
C) experience stress
D) miss workday

Question 75

Rahul is prone to binge eating and feels a lack of control during his eating sessions. He sometimes eats a half gallon of ice cream as a late-night snack. He regularly engages in self-induced vomiting in order to prevent weight gain. In the context of eating disorders, Rahul is most likely suffering from ________.

A) pica
B) Prader-Willi syndrome
C) muscle dysmorphia
D) bulimia nervosa

Question 76

Danny, a 12-year-old, dances very well. His teachers ask him to perform every time there is an event in their school. Danny likes it when everybody appreciates him. Therefore, he attends dance classes and practices dancing every day. In this scenario, Danny is influenced by ________.

A) extrinsic motivation
B) the need for affiliation
C) behavioral momentum
D) negative reinforcement

Question 77

Identify a true statement about the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).

A) It is involved in emotion-related thought and, most likely, appraisal.
B) It is the brain structure most involved in interoception.
C) It appears to play an important role in disgust, which is an emotion associated with a high degree of internal bodily sensations.
D) It is well known as a pleasure or reward center, as such it is involved in the feeling of emotions.

Question 78

The ________ regulates all the basic physiological needs.

A) hypothalamus
B) hippocampus
C) amygdala
D) medulla oblongata

Question 79

Which of the following pushes us into action?

A) Rule
B) Drive
C) Incentive
D) Decree

Question 80

The importance of fat in the diets of our ancestors was mainly a result of ________.

A) its scarcity in the natural world
B) its energy-storing properties
C) its importance for a sedentary lifestyle
D) its religious and ceremonial significance