Deck 18: The Shoulder Complex

Question 1

Explain how the apprehension test is used to evaluate a shoulder for glenohumeral instability.

Answer 1

Not Answer

Question 2

Describe the four major articulations associated with the shoulder complex.

Answer 2

Not Answer

Question 3

Describe the phases of throwing. Why are proper throwing mechanics important in injury prevention?

Answer 3

Not Answer

Question 4

List the questions that should be asked to understand the nature of an injured shoulder.

Question 5

Describe a test for supraspinatus muscle weakness.

Question 6

Which of the following is the most important and most commonly inflamed bursa of the shoulder joint?

A) The subcoracoid bursa
B) The subclavicular bursa
C) The subacromial bursa
D) The subbicipital bursa

Question 7

Which of the following is common among athletes engaged in overhead activities and involves tenderness in the anterior upper arm?

A) An acromioclavicular sprain
B) A sternoclavicular sprain
C) Subacromial bursitis
D) Biceps tenosynovitis

Question 8

The empty can test is used to determine injury to:

A) the deltoid.
B) the infraspinatus muscle.
C) the long head of the biceps brachii.
D) the supraspinatus muscle.

Question 9

The shoulder most commonly dislocates in the:

A) anterior direction.
B) inferior direction.
C) medial direction.
D) posterior direction.

Question 10

In what direction is the clavicle generally displaced in a sternoclavicular sprain?

A) Downward and posteriorly
B) Downward and anteriorly
C) Upward and posteriorly
D) Upward and forward

Question 11

When an anterior glenohumeral dislocation occurs, an athlete carries his or her arm in:

A) slight abduction and external rotation.
B) slight abduction and internal rotation.
C) internal rotation with the elbow flexed at 90 degrees.
D) a neutral position with the arm at the side and the thumb pointing forward.

Question 12

Which of the following is true of the shoulder impingement syndrome?

A) It causes tenderness to palpation in the area just under the acromion.
B) It involves a mechanical compression of the supraspinatus tendon and the subacromial bursa.
C) It involves an expansion of the long head of the biceps tendon under the coracoacromial arch.
D) It commonly involves the head of the humerus being forced out of its joint capsule in an anterior direction.

Question 13

Which of the following involves a mechanical compression of the supraspinatus tendon, the subacromial bursa, and the long head of the biceps tendon under the coracoacromial arch?

A) Subacromial bursitis
B) Biceps tenosynovitis
C) Chondromalacia patella
D) Shoulder impingement

Question 14

Which of the following is the reason that impingement injuries occur?

A) A single traumatic event resulting in instability
B) Continual use of the arm below 90 degrees of elevation
C) Reduction of the space through which the supraspinatus tendon can pass
D) Inflammation of the deltoid tendon

Question 15

Which of the following is one of the primary mechanisms that cause an acromioclavicular joint sprain?

A) External rotation of the shoulder
B) A fall on an outstretched arm
C) A blow from behind the shoulder
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 16

Which of the following does a dislocated shoulder display outwardly?

A) A flattened deltoid contour
B) A high riding clavicle
C) A depressed sternum
D) Normal shoulder contours

Question 17

Which of the following is a symptom of subacromial bursitis?

A) A mild stretching of the acromioclavicular ligament
B) A complete rupture of one of the rotator cuff tendons
C) Swelling and crepitus in the anterior upper arm
D) Tenderness to palpation in the area just under the acromion

Question 18

In which phase of throwing do the external rotators of the rotator cuff contract eccentrically?

A) The cocking phase
B) The acceleration phase
C) The deceleration phase
D) The follow-through phase

Question 19

Which of the following tests is used to check for glenohumeral instability?

A) The empty can test
B) The forced flexion test
C) The horizontal adduction test
D) The apprehension test

Question 20

Which of the following is a muscle that is mainly responsible for the stabilization of the shoulder complex?

A) The rhomboids
B) The rotator cuff
C) The deltoid
D) The pectoralis major

Question 21

In which phase of throwing is the maximum external rotation of the humerus achieved?

A) The wind-up phase
B) The cocking phase
C) The acceleration phase
D) The deceleration phase

Question 22

Which of the following is known as the true shoulder joint?

A) The sternoclavicular joint
B) The glenohumeral joint
C) The acromioclavicular joint
D) The scapulothoracic joint

Question 23

An athlete walks out of a field, supporting an injured arm. His head is tilted toward the injured shoulder and his chin is turned toward the opposite side. He is most likely suffering from a(n):

A) shoulder dislocation.
B) acromioclavicular joint sprain.
C) fractured clavicle.
D) fractured sternum.

Question 24

Which of the following is a rotator cuff muscle?

A) The pectoralis major
B) The pectoralis minor
C) The trapezius
D) The supraspinatus

Question 25

The sternoclavicular joint is the only direct connection between the upper extremity and the trunk.

Question 26

The sternoclavicular joint is a strong joint reinforced by several key ligaments.

Question 27

Signs of biceps tenosynovitis include pain in the posterior aspect of the arm, swelling, and crepitus.

Question 28

The most commonly injured rotator cuff muscle is the infraspinatus.

Question 29

The continual use of the arms above the horizontal plane in an athletic endeavor has been known to lead to shoulder impingement syndrome.

Question 30

Management of shoulder impingement involves restoring normal biomechanics to the shoulder joint in an effort to maintain space under the coracoacromial arch during overhead activities.

Question 31

Initial management of a shoulder dislocation requires immediate reduction by a physician.

Question 32

The mechanism of an anterior glenohumeral dislocation is abduction, external rotation, and extension that forces the humeral head out of the glenoid cavity.

Question 33

An athlete with a fractured clavicle will usually hang the arm at the side and have the arm internally rotated to relieve the stress on the supporting structures.

Question 34

Tenosynovitis of the long biceps muscle tendon is common among athletes engaged in overhead activities.

Question 35

Tears of the rotator cuff muscles are almost always near their insertion on the humerus.

Question 36

Repeated contusions that commonly occur on the lateral aspect of the upper arm can lead to myositis ossificans.

Question 37

The rotator cuff is most commonly injured by low velocity, dynamic rotatory motions.

Question 38

After a shoulder dislocation is reduced, the athlete should be placed in a sling for at least 1 week.

Question 39

When assessing the shoulder complex, palpation of the bony structures should be done with the examiner standing in front of and then be­hind the athlete.

Question 40

The empty can test is done with the arm at 90 degrees of flexion and horizontal adduction with the thumb pointing down.