Deck 15: The Ankle and Lower Leg

Question 1

Briefly discuss the mechanisms that cause inversion sprains, eversion sprains, and high ankle sprains.

Answer 1

Not Answer

Question 2

What are the signs and symptoms of a stress fracture in the lower leg?

Answer 2

Not Answer

Question 3

What are the steps of an ankle evaluation?

Answer 3

Not Answer

Question 4

Describe the signs and symptoms of an Achilles tendon injury.

Question 5

Explain the management of the various types of compartment syndromes.

Question 6

The lateral compartment of the leg contains muscles that _____ the ankle.

A) invert
B) dorsiflex
C) plantarflex
D) evert

Question 7

What motions occur at the subtalar joint?

A) Plantar flexion and inversion
B) Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
C) Eversion and dorsiflexion
D) Inversion and eversion

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true of chronic compartment syndrome?

A) It is likely to result in additional injury to structures distal to the compartment.
B) It occurs without any precipitating trauma and can evolve with minimal to moderate activity.
C) It usually occurs during running and jumping activities.
D) Its symptoms continue after the activity causing the pain stops.

Question 9

_____ is associated with pain in the anterior aspect of the lower leg.

A) Tibial periostitis
B) Compartment syndrome
C) Medial tibial stress syndrome
D) Lateral fibular stress fracture

Question 10

If an athlete steps into a hole and the ankle is forced into dorsiflexion, which ligament is usually involved?

A) The anterior talofibular
B) The calcaneofibular
C) The interosseous membrane
D) The anterior tibiofibular

Question 11

Neuromuscular control of the ankle specifically uses which type of exercise to assist in preventing ankle injuries?

A) Flexibility
B) Endurance
C) Balance
D) Strength

Question 12

Grade 3 inversion ankle sprains are often associated with what trauma?

A) Tearing of all medial ligaments
B) Tearing of a few supportive ligaments
C) Tenderness over the entire medial aspect of the ankle
D) Total rupture of lateral ligaments

Question 13

The term _____ refers to any type of pain in the anterior aspect of the lower leg.

A) "fibular fracture"
B) "shin splints"
C) "tendinitis"
D) "compartment syndrome"

Question 14

In the lower leg, there are how many separate compartments containing muscles, tendons, blood vessels, and nerves?

A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five

Question 15

What symptom is associated with stress fractures?

A) Complaints of pain that increases after activity stops
B) Poor neuromuscular control
C) Diffuse pain
D) Pain when an athlete is non-weight bearing

Question 16

Why is the shin vulnerable to contusions?

A) The increase in shin guard use
B) The large fat pad on the tibia
C) The close proximity of the tibia to the surface of the skin
D) The thick muscles that overlie the tibia

Question 17

Eversion ankle sprains are associated with which of the following?

A) Tearing of the calcaneofibular ligament
B) Tearing of the deltoid ligament
C) Ligament contusion
D) Fracture of the fibula

Question 18

Which of the following is true of a grade 1 ankle sprain?

A) It does not involve joint stiffness.
B) It does not involve swelling or pain.
C) It involves total disruption of nerve fibers.
D) It involves mild stretching of ligamentous fibers.

Question 19

A(n) _____ ankle sprain is most common and often results in injury to the lateral ligaments.

A) eversion
B) inversion
C) dorsiflexion
D) plantarflexion

Question 20

Which of the following is the mechanism of injury for an Achilles tendon rupture?

A) Plantarflexion
B) Inversion
C) Dorsiflexion
D) Eversion

Question 21

What is the most commonly sprained ligament in the ankle?

A) Anterior tibiofibular
B) Anterior talofibular
C) Deltoid
D) Posterior talofibular

Question 22

Which of the following muscles plantar flexes the ankle?

A) Tibialis anterior
B) Extensor hallucis longus
C) Extensor digitorum longus
D) Tibialis posterior

Question 23

What action at the ankle do the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles perform?

A) Plantarflexion
B) Inversion
C) Dorsiflexion
D) Eversion

Question 24

The ankle joint is capable of dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, and eversion.

Question 25

The thickened distal end of the tibia forms the lateral malleolus.

Question 26

A tight heel cord forces the foot into dorsiflexion, making it more susceptible to a lateral ankle sprain.

Question 27

The tibia is the most commonly fractured long bone in the body.

Question 28

Tape that constricts soft tissue can cause serious injury by disrupting the biomechanics of the other joints in the foot.

Question 29

When treating an Achilles tendon strain, one should stretch the Achilles tendon complex aggressively and put a heel lift under the calcaneus to reduce the stress placed on the Achilles tendon.

Question 30

The most common ankle injuries result from eversion forces.

Question 31

In order for normal ankle motion to occur, you need at least 10 degrees of dorsiflexion.

Question 32

Poorly applied tape does more harm than good.

Question 33

Immediate first aid for acute compartment syndrome should include the application of a compression wrap.

Question 34

Mild stretching of lateral ligaments with little loss of motion or function is characteristic of a second-degree ankle sprain.

Question 35

Eversion ankle sprains are less common than inversion ankle sprains.

Question 36

Achilles tendinitis is usually the result of repetitive stress and strain, which causes constant inflammation.

Question 37

Immediate first aid for acute compartment syndrome should include the application of ice and elevation.

Question 38

Medial tibial stress syndrome, also known as shin splints, is usually attributed to an inflammation of the anterior tibialis muscle and extensor muscles of the toes.

Question 39

Stress fractures in the tibia of a runner most commonly occurs in the middle of the shaft.

Question 40

The use of a wobble board to strengthen the ankle is a good preventative tool for the athlete.

Question 41

Proper footwear can prevent some of the common ankle injuries.

Question 42

Tendinitis of the peroneal tendons will generate pain just posterior to the medial malleolus.

Question 43

Fibular fractures generally require much shorter periods for immobilization than tibial fractures.