Deck 14: Nutrition for Athletes With Illness or Injury

Question 1

How does long-term intense training impact immune cell levels?

A) Immune cell production increases in response to training.
B) B-cell and T-cell production increases, while immunoglobulin A (IgA) declines.
C) The body loses the ability to produce B cells and T cells.
D) B cell, T cell, and IgA levels decline.

Answer 1

B cell, T cell, and IgA levels decline.

Question 2

Approximately how long is the open window of impaired immunity found in elite athletes in which immune cells are suppressed in response to strenuous workouts?

A) Between 3 and 72 hours
B) Between 12 and 48 hours
C) Between 72 hours to 1 week
D) Between 24 hours and 2 weeks

Answer 2

Between 3 and 72 hours

Question 3

Which of the following best summarizes the current research related to using creatine supplementation to reduce the muscle atrophy associated with immobilization?

A) Numerous research studies support recommending creatine supplementation to immobilized athletes.
B) Some results seem promising, but there are currently no conclusive findings that can be broadly applied to clinical practice.
C) Research suggests that creatine supplementation may be most effective for arthroplasty in arthritis patients.
D) Research indicates that creatine supplementation may not prevent muscle atrophy but will result in improved strength gains following the immobilization period.

Answer 3

Some results seem promising, but there are currently no conclusive findings that can be broadly applied to clinical practice.

Question 4

Which of the following foods should be minimized in the diet of an athlete managing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

A) Milk
B) Fish
C) Chocolate
D) Eggs

Question 5

Why is it difficult to provide nutrition counseling to a patient diagnosed with Crohn's disease?

A) The symptoms are severe.
B) Foods may not trigger a response every time they are consumed.
C) The disease trigger is unknown.
D) Patients are reluctant to share their symptoms with a health care provider.

Question 6

When are fatty streaks, the earliest stages of atherosclerosis, evident?

A) In the teenage years
B) 20 to 30 years of age
C) 30 to 40 years of age
D) After 40 years of age

Question 7

Which eating plan was designed to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients?

A) Mediterranean
B) Atkins
C) South Beach
D) Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)

Question 8

Which type of diabetes is not preventable and is associated with the inability of the pancreas to secrete insulin, making it outside the scope of the allied health professional's nutrition counseling practices?

A) Type 1 diabetes
B) Type 2 diabetes
C) Gestational diabetes
D) Prediabetes

Question 9

Which of the following recommendations will help a diabetic athlete maintain a stable blood sugar level throughout the day?

A) Increasing carbohydrate consumption and decreasing saturated fat consumption
B) Eating five to six small meals per day
C) Eating all carbohydrates before noon
D) Incorporating 50% of calories of each meal as carbohydrates

Question 10

What bone density finding signals osteoporosis?

A) Bone density at the mean for age and gender
B) Bone density between 1 and 2.5 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender
C) Bone density within 1 standard deviation above the mean for age and gender
D) Bone density greater than 2.5 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender

Question 11

Which of the following athletes would be at greatest risk for osteoporosis and possible fracture?

A) Underweight dancer who smokes
B) Normal-weight soccer player who has a history of bulimia
C) Overweight basketball player who suffers from chronic depression
D) Underweight diver who eats a well-balanced diet

Question 12

Which of the following are signs of overtraining? Select all that apply.

A) Irritability
B) Decreased resting heart rate
C) Fatigue
D) Poor appetite
E) Periods of intense concentration followed by periods of lethargy

Question 13

Which of the following strategies might help an athlete who is managing chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? Select all that apply.

A) Drinking a glass of water before and after each meal
B) Eating smaller meals
C) Sitting upright for 2 to 3 hours after eating
D) Losing weight if overweight or obese
E) Using NSAIDs regularly

Question 14

Consumption of which of the following foods may decrease the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)? Select all that apply.

A) Yogurt
B) Lean meat
C) Milk
D) Whole-grain bread
E) Avocado

Question 15

Which of the following dietary considerations should be incorporated into the diet of a patient with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially during periods of remission? Select all that apply.

A) Emphasis on whole grain consumption
B) Consumption of a high-fiber diet
C) Consumption of a high-calorie diet
D) Maximizing calcium and vitamin D intake
E) Eating foods high in vitamin B₁₂ and zinc

Question 16

Which of the following are characteristics of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan? Select all that apply.

A) Low in cholesterol
B) Low in carbohydrates
C) Low in saturated fat
D) Low in sodium
E) Low in total fat

Question 17

Which of the following is one of the seven components of "ideal cardiovascular health" as outlined by the American Heart Association?

A) Smoking fewer than 100 cigarettes in a lifetime
B) Having a body mass index (BMI) of less than 25 kg/m²
C) Never being told that he or she has high blood pressure
D) Consuming an average of five servings of fruits and vegetables per day
E) Controlling type 2 diabetes, if present

Question 18

In addition to adequate calcium and vitamin D consumption, what other vitamins should be incorporated into the diet to reduce the risk of fracture? Select all that apply.

A) Vitamin K
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin B₁₂
D) Vitamin E
E) Vitamin A

Question 19

Active individuals involved in moderate-intensity exercise do not benefit from nutritional supplementation to reduce susceptibility to illness.

Question 20

It is well within the scope of practice of an allied health professional to provide medical nutrition therapy to athletes managing a chronic medical condition like irritable bowel syndrome or celiac disease.

Question 21

Patients who have uncontrolled type 2 diabetes can become insulin dependent when the pancreas becomes overburdened and stops producing insulin.

Question 22

Bone density can never exceed the peak bone density attained in young adulthood.

Question 23

What activity restrictions should be placed upon an athlete who is suffering from an acute illness with fever? Why are these restrictions recommended?

Question 24

As an allied health professional, identify three questions you might ask a patient who is experiencing chronic gastrointestinal disorder flare-ups to help the patient better understand the disease.

Question 25

Explain the processes by which exercise can decrease diabetes symptoms.