Deck 14: War and Terrorism

Question 1

Politically motivated violence against citizens of political entities different from those of the perpetrators in order to coerce or intimidate others into accepting the perpetrators' goals is known as _____.

Answer 1

international terrorism

Question 2

Most wars in recent decades involve the _____.

Answer 2

developing nations

Question 3

The bloodiest wars in recent years have been _____.

Answer 3

civil wars

Question 4

The most common form of terrorism has been _____.

Question 5

There are more than _____ land mines in more than 70 countries.

Question 6

The text points out that many civilian deaths and injuries are caused by _____. This weapon kills or maims more than 25,000 people every year.

Question 7

More than _____ million deaths occurred during the 20^th century.

Question 8

War is a complex phenomenon that some people believe is an outgrowth of the human need for _____.

Question 9

The attitude that the United States has a mission of being "number one" in the world helps the nation justify _____.

Question 10

A war is a major armed conflict in which _____ or more people are killed.

Question 11

As far as war is concerned, the _____ century was the bloodiest in human history.

Question 12

Plato and Aristotle both argued that _____ are fundamental in the outbreak of war.

Question 13

The term _____ pertains to the system of thought developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, particularly emphasizing materialism, class struggle, and the progress of humanity toward communism.

Question 14

_____ is defined as equality or equivalence in military strength.

Question 15

_____ is defined as alterations in the environment that make it less habitable or useful for people or other living things.

Question 16

_____ is rebellion by dissident groups within a nation.

A) Civil war
B) Range war
C) Cold war
D) Total war

Question 17

Politically motivated violence against citizens of political entities different from those of the perpetrators in order to coerce or intimidate others into accepting the perpetrators' goals is known as _____.

A) covert acts of war
B) civil war
C) international terrorism
D) domestic terrorism

Question 18

Most wars in recent decades involved _____.

A) Israel and its enemies
B) the developing nations
C) the United States and its allies
D) nations that harbor terrorists

Question 19

The bloodiest wars in recent years have been _____.

A) civil wars
B) international conflicts
C) wars between close neighbors
D) none of these answers is correct

Question 20

Which of the following has been the most common form of terrorism?

A) hostage situation
B) missile strike
C) bombing
D) sabotage

Question 21

A war is defined as a major armed conflict that _____.

A) involves an economic commitment that is equal to one-half the gross national product
B) occurs between nations or between organized groups within a nation in which a thousand or more people are killed
C) injures over 50,000 people
D) includes four or more nations

Question 22

_____ was the bloodiest century to date.

A) The 17^th century
B) The 18^th century
C) The 19^th century
D) The 20^th century

Question 23

More than _____ million deaths occurred during the 20^th century.

A) 60
B) 70
C) 80
D) 100

Question 24

The text points out that many civilian deaths and injuries are caused by _____. This weapon kills or maims more than 25,000 people every year.

A) land mines
B) mortar fire
C) high-altitude bombing
D) small-arms fire

Question 25

Which of the following statements is true about an improvised explosive device (IED)?

A) It is a factory-made bomb designed to create a smoke screen.
B) It is a more recent version of land mines.
C) It is difficult to be hidden and camouflaged.
D) It is difficult to be triggered remotely.

Question 26

There are more than _____ land mines in more than 70 countries.

A) 80 million
B) 100 million
C) 120 million
D) 150 million

Question 27

Among other things, wars are destructive because _____.

A) in the quest for victory, governments sometimes act in ways that harm their own people
B) conquering armies may treat the defeated enemy inhumanely
C) civilians are the main victims of war through a combination of direct injuries, starvation, and disease
D) all of these answers are correct

Question 28

Even the threat of war is hazardous to well-being, as illustrated by the fact that _____.

A) potential enemies significantly increase depression in a population
B) producing and storing weapons involves hazardous waste materials even if the weapons are never used
C) it is hard to maintain a healthy economy when a nation must stay prepared for war
D) all of these answers are correct

Question 29

As shown by a study of Cambodian refugees, civilian survivors of war may experience _____.

A) increased depression
B) posttraumatic stress disorder
C) higher rates of heart disease
D) all of these answers are correct
E) increased depression and posttraumatic stress disorder only

Question 30

Dehumanizing acts during war are committed by _____.

A) fanatics like the Nazis
B) people from nations that assert their own superiority
C) all people, including Americans
D) a tiny minority of mentally ill soldiers

Question 31

The trauma induced by terrorist acts involves _____.

A) an increase in posttraumatic stress disorder
B) increased drug and alcohol use
C) higher rates of depression
D) all of these answers are correct

Question 32

Which of the following statements is true about intensive bombings during a war?

A) They cause severe environmental damage.
B) They are a major factor in eventual victory.
C) They completely demoralize the enemy.
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 33

Although military contracts produce many jobs, they are one of the _____ ways to create jobs.

A) budget-friendly
B) most effective
C) cheapest
D) least cost-effective

Question 34

Which of the following statements is true about the indirect economic costs of war?

A) They include the cost of treating war-related emotional problems.
B) They include the loss of funds for more productive, nonmilitary enterprises.
C) All of these answers are correct.
D) None of these answers is correct.

Question 35

The economic cost of losing the World Trade Center was valued at _____.

A) $10 billion
B) $20 billion
C) $30 billion
D) $40 billion

Question 36

Violations of civil liberties were the least severe for most Americans during _____.

A) the Civil War
B) World War I
C) World War II
D) the Vietnam War

Question 37

In 1942, over 100,000 _____ were relocated from their homes into camps because they were defined as a potential source of subversion.

A) German Americans
B) Chinese Americans
C) Japanese Americans
D) Italian Americans

Question 38

The _____ gave officials nearly unprecedented peacetime authority to "nullify the constitutional rights of individual citizens."

A) Patriot Act
B) Whistleblower Act
C) Kennedy Act
D) Americans Act

Question 39

Within weeks of the attacks of September 11, 2001, the U.S. administration created the _____, which is responsible for preventing terrorist attacks and reducing the nation's vulnerability to terrorism.

A) Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
B) Department of Justice (DOJ)
C) Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
D) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

Question 40

The Patriot Act expired in 2015 and was replaced by the _____, which modified some of the Patriot Act's provisions and allowed many of its questionable practices to continue.

A) Investigatory Powers Act
B) Domestic Security Enhancement Act
C) Civil Contingencies Act
D) USA Freedom Act

Question 41

To say that Americans need greater security because of the threat of terrorism and therefore must accept curtailment of traditional civil liberties is an example of _____.

A) the fallacy of dramatic instance
B) the fallacy of non sequitur
C) the fallacy of retrospective determinism
D) the fallacy of personal attack

Question 42

War is a complex phenomenon that some people believe is an outgrowth of the human need for _____.

A) dominance
B) survival
C) aggression
D) conquest

Question 43

War and terrorism, like aggression and violence, are linked with cultural _____.

A) values
B) treachery
C) bias
D) stigmas

Question 44

The philosophers who argued that economic factors are fundamental in the outbreak of war were _____.

A) Lenin and Stalin
B) Lao Tze and Confucius
C) Plato and Aristotle
D) Hitler and Stalin

Question 45

According to Marxists, war is a way to ensure _____.

A) equality
B) control over an expanding market
C) a classless society
D) revolution
E) all of these answers are correct

Question 46

Militarism is appealing to political leaders because it _____.

A) can create cohesion within a society
B) leads to strong economic growth
C) reduces the inequalities in a society
D) all of these answers are correct

Question 47

_____ gave the United States a "big stick" to be used to facilitate its diplomatic efforts and economic trade relations with its allies as well as its enemies.

A) A large economy
B) A nuclear arsenal
C) A large military
D) Lots of investment dollars

Question 48

A "just war" is one that _____.

A) occurs only after all peaceful alternatives have been exhausted
B) has a just cause
C) occurs as a response to an actual or perceived threat
D) occurs only after all peaceful alternatives have been exhausted and has a just cause

Question 49

The attitude that the United States has a mission of being "number one" in the world helps the nation justify _____.

A) increased arms supplies to foreign allies
B) militarism
C) continued international inequality
D) increased foreign aid

Question 50

Gibson (1994) has argued that the _____ facilitated the United States' military involvement in Grenada, Panama, and the Persian Gulf.

A) the need to be a "winner"
B) battle against communism
C) politics in the Middle East
D) dominance of Christianity in American affairs

Question 51

In terms of the forms of misperception that recur in cases of international war, the preoccupation with one's need to avoid humiliation by determined fighting is referred to as a(n) _____.

A) virile self-image
B) moral self-image
C) absence of empathy
D) chauvinistic perspective

Question 52

The "diabolical-enemy image" is a misperception whereby a nation _____.

A) asserts that the enemy is the Great Satan
B) denies its own complicity
C) imputes flagrant evil to the enemy
D) notices only the worst aspects of the enemy
E) believes in justifiable nuclear overkill

Question 53

In the context of the six forms of misperceptions that recur in cases of international wars, _____ affirms a nation's goodness.

A) the moral self-image
B) selective inattention
C) military overconfidence
D) the absence of empathy

Question 54

In the context of the six forms of misperceptions that recur in cases of international wars, _____ means the inability to understand how the situation looks from the other's viewpoint.

A) military overconfidence
B) the absence of empathy
C) the diabolical-enemy image
D) the virile self-image

Question 55

In the context of the six forms of misperceptions that recur in cases of international wars, _____ means that only the worst aspects of the enemy are noticed.

A) military overconfidence
B) the moral self-image
C) selective inattention
D) the diabolical-enemy image

Question 56

Modern warfare is merely a matter of nuclear powers confronting each other with the threat of mass destruction.

Question 57

The 20^th century was the bloodiest in human history as far as war is concerned.

Question 58

The most common form of terrorism is airplane hijackings.

Question 59

Land mines kill or maim at least one person every hour.

Question 60

Wars always have been destructive, but they are less destructive now than they were in the past.

Question 61

As with war generally, women and children are at greater risk from land mines than are soldiers.

Question 62

The United States led the signing of the mine ban treaty.

Question 63

World War I had the greatest number of battle deaths.

Question 64

The production and storage of weapons of war create no problems and are not hazardous in any manner.

Question 65

Since the time of the ancient Greeks, soldiers have succumbed to madness as a result of the horrors of combat.

Question 66

In 1942, more than 100,000 German Americans were relocated from their homes into detention camps in isolated areas of the western United States.

Question 67

The "Terrorist Act" gave the government nearly unprecedented peacetime authority to nullify the constitutional rights of individual citizens.

Question 68

The "Patriot Act" gave the government nearly unprecedented peacetime authority to nullify the constitutional rights of individual citizens.

Question 69

The attitude that the United States has a mission to be "number one" in the world helps the country justify militarism.

Question 70

Most Americans accepted the notion that Iraq was involved in the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks even though the evidence clearly indicates that is not true.

Question 71

International misperception is a set of attitudes that legitimate both militarism and war.