Deck 7: Latinos

Question 1

Comparatively speaking, why have Cubans fared better than Puerto Ricans and Chicanos in the political arena?

Answer 1

Answers will vary

Question 2

Comparatively speaking, what are the differences in economic status among Cubans, Puerto Ricans, and Chicanos?

Answer 2

Answers will vary

Question 3

What are the factors that set the arrival of Cubans on the U.S. mainland apart from the experiences of Mexicans and Puerto Ricans?

Answer 3

Answers will vary

Question 4

Have American educational programs been sensitive to the linguistic and cultural characteristics of Latino children? Why or why not?

Question 5

Why do the Border Patrol and the Texas Rangers continue to maintain a sense of fear in the Mexican American community?

Question 6

How were the guarantees to Mexicans made in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) violated by Anglos?

Question 7

How did a large Spanish-speaking population in the Southwest facilitate the Anglos' adjustment in the Southwest?

Question 8

Among Latinos, Cubans are the most affluent and successful.

Question 9

The "Latinization" of south Florida has increased the resentment of whites toward Cubans.

Question 10

Congress approved legislation that allowed Cubans to undergo retraining and, hence, to transfer their occupations in Cuba to the United States.

Question 11

Cubans are the largest segment in the Latino population when compared to Chicanos and Puerto Ricans.

Question 12

Latino females tend to earn more than their male counterparts, relative to non-Latinos.

Question 13

White children are three times more likely to be uninsured than Latino children.

Question 14

Less than ten percent of Mexican Americans hold a college degree.

Question 15

The reason for higher Puerto Rican income, relative to Mexican Americans, is their disproportionate numbers in skilled, blue-collar craft positions.

Question 16

A major reason for the higher death rates of Latino children is lack of access to neonatal services.

Question 17

Puerto Ricans in New York City are more segregated than Mexican Americans in Los Angeles and Cubans in Miami.

Question 18

Language is probably the most important trait identifying Latinos from non-Latinos.

Question 19

In 1790, the population of the Southwest was almost entirely Spanish-speaking.

Question 20

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo did not guarantee the use of Spanish as a legitimate language in the United States.

Question 21

Operation Wetback facilitated the entry of Mexicans into the United States.

Question 22

Immigration of Mexicans to America in the first part of this century was not encouraged by economic interests.

Question 23

Los Angeles is the top Latino market in the United States.

Question 24

The Border Patrol and Texas Rangers were oppressive law enforcement agencies in the Chicano community.

Question 25

Unlike the situation for African Americans, labor unions have never discriminated against Mexican Americans.

Question 26

By means of Operation Wetback, Congress prevented the Border Patrol from stopping and searching any Mexican-looking person.

Question 27

As labor-intensive industry developed in the Southwest, the demand for cheap labor served as a pull factor for Mexican immigrants.

Question 28

Between 1890 and 1900, the Mexican-origin population grew by five million persons.

Question 29

The Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986 made it legal for employers to hire illegal immigrants as long as they were employed full time.

Question 30

Compared to other minorities in the United States, the Mexican-origin population has been able to avoid severe negative stereotypes.

Question 31

Despite the guarantees of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848), Anglos assumed the right to impose the English language on all the inhabitants of the Southwest.

Question 32

By 1790, the population of the southwestern United States was practically all English-speaking.

Question 33

Even where they are numerically a majority or a sizable minority, Mexican Americans are underrepresented politically.

Question 34

Bilingualism in schools is now so widespread as to mark a significant change in the learning of Mexican-origin children.

Question 35

Mexican Americans have been no more successful than African Americans and Native Americans in their location in the stratification system.

Question 36

Discrimination against Mexican Americans is no longer fueled by threats, but primarily by inertia from the past.

Question 37

The G.I. Forum was created in order to advocate the rights of Chicano war veterans.

Question 38

Puerto Ricans have had to suffer the same harassment of the Border Patrol as the Mexican-origin population.

Question 39

Unlike Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans are less easily identified because of skin tones.

Question 40

Puerto Ricans are more likely to be bilingual than Mexican Americans.

Question 41

Unlike Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans are not likely to experience discrimination based on language.

Question 42

Nearly one-half of all Puerto Ricans 25 years and older have not completed high school.

Question 43

Puerto Ricans are not citizens of the United States.

Question 44

The Chicano population is well ahead of Cubans and Puerto Ricans in educational attainment.

Question 45

The "Mariel boatlifts" brought to the United States mainland a new threat to U.S. society.

Question 46

The Cuban population in the United States consists primarily of persons who fled Castro's Cuba.

Question 47

Cubans have experienced less discrimination than other Latinos because of their bilingualism.

Question 48

The U.S. government favored Cubans over other Latinos because of their refugee status from a communist country.

Question 49

The prevalence of Cubans in South Florida has prevented an "English-only" movement from having much impact.

Question 50

Fears about Cubans "Latinizing" Florida are not widely held by non-Latinos.

Question 51

Despite their success, Cubans are still dramatically underrepresented in white-collar professions and businesses.

Question 52

Cubans have experienced less legal discrimination than Mexican Americans.

Question 53

The average level of education attained by Cubans is higher than that of other Latinos but still below that for non-Latino whites.

Question 54

Stratification within the Cuban population is probably greater than between this population and non-Latino whites.

Question 55

Within a few decades, Latinos will be America's largest minority group.

Question 56

Which Latino subpopulation has the greatest percentage living below the poverty line?

A) Mexican Americans
B) Puerto Ricans
C) Cuban Americans
D) a and b are the same

Question 57

Which statement is not true?

A) Female Latinos tend to earn more than male Latinos.
B) Latino income averages a little less than 70% of non-Latino income.
C) Median household income for citizens of Hispanic origin was above $40,000 as of 2006.
D) Cuban Americans median household income was higher than that of Mexican Americans.

Question 58

Which statement is not true?

A) Mexican Americans have lower high school graduation rates than Cubans or Puerto Ricans.
B) Cuban high school graduation rates are virtually the same as non-Latinos.
C) Cuban college graduation rates are relatively close to those in the non-Latino population.
D) Puerto Ricans come close to graduating from college at a rate that is double the rate for Mexican Americans.

Question 59

Which statement is not true for the causes of death for Latinos and non-Latinos or whites?

A) Unintentional injury is the leading cause of death for children 1 to 14.
B) Latino children ages 1 to 14 were more often victims of homicide than their white counterparts.
C) Latinos are twice as likely as non-Latino whites to die of suicide.
D) Heart disease is the leading cause of death in Latinos ages 25 and older.

Question 60

Which one of the following does the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo not guarantee to Mexicans?

A) full American citizenship
B) ownership of land
C) legitimated and protected rights to use Spanish in public and private activities
D) legitimated rights of Mexicans in the Southwest to hold dual citizenship rights with Mexico

Question 61

The first large-scale repatriation (deportation) of Mexicans occurred in

A) the late 1800s.
B) the 1930s.
C) right after World War I.
D) right after World War II.

Question 62

The Bracero Program emerged

A) during the Depression of the 1930s.
B) during the Civil War.
C) during World War I.
D) during World War II.

Question 63

Operation Wetback was launched in the

A) 1940s.
B) 1950s.
C) 1960s.
D) 1970s.

Question 64

Most of the growth of the Mexican-origin population between 1970 and 1990 was the result of

A) high birth rates for those already in the United States.
B) legal immigration.
C) illegal immigration.
D) b or c more than a.

Question 65

Which program placed the burden of not hiring illegal Mexican-origin immigrants on the employer?

A) Operation Wetback
B) the Bracero Program
C) the Immigration Reform and Control Act
D) both a and c

Question 66

Which has not been a negative stereotype of the Mexican-origin population?

A) greasers and macho
B) lazy, shiftless, and lawless
C) banditos and crooks
D) hard-working but ruthless workers

Question 67

The early experiences of Mexicans in the Southwest immediately after the Mexican- American War can be best described as revolving around processes of

A) colonization.
B) ecological competition.
C) assimilation.
D) middleman minorities.

Question 68

Which has not been a major factor in depressing wages paid to the Mexican-origin population?

A) welfare dependency
B) changes in the economy away from industrial production
C) unemployment among the Mexican-origin population
D) undocumented citizenship status

Question 69

Which enforcement agency has been the least involved in the lives of the Mexican-origin population?

A) the Border Patrol
B) the Texas Rangers
C) the Highway Patrol
D) the federal marshals

Question 70

Which factor has the least influence on the adjustment of Mexican-origin children in the school system?

A) the proximity of, and movement to and from, Mexico
B) the Anglo-dominant curriculum
C) the dominance of English
D) the practices of the Border Patrol

Question 71

Which was not an organization intended to expand the political participation of the Mexican-origin population?

A) Orden Hijos de America
B) League of United Latin American Citizens
C) the Latin Defense League
D) the Community Service Organization

Question 72

Which act allowed Puerto Ricans access to the U.S. mainland before their island became a commonwealth?

A) the Treaty of Hidalgo
B) the Smith Act
C) the Jones Act
D) the Dawes Act

Question 73

Which is not true of Puerto Ricans?

A) They can come and go freely to the mainland.
B) They are all citizens of the United States.
C) They are not harassed by the Border Patrol.
D) They are widely distributed across all regions of the United States.

Question 74

Which is not true of Puerto Ricans?

A) They are concentrated in urban areas.
B) They are victims of a declining industrial base.
C) They are less likely to be in poverty than Mexican Americans.
D) Their neighborhoods are often overlapping with black ghettoes.

Question 75

Which of the following is not true about both Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans?

A) They both are heavily involved in agricultural labor.
B) They both experience language-based discrimination.
C) They both move back and forth from their homelands.
D) They both experience job discrimination.

Question 76

Which is not a reason for the relative powerlessness of Puerto Ricans?

A) their small numbers in key cities
B) their exclusion from big-city political machines
C) their radical political tendencies
D) their sense that they will eventually leave the mainland

Question 77

The event that marked the initial migration of Cubans to America was

A) the Bay of Pigs invasion.
B) the overthrow of Fulgencio Batista.
C) the Mariel boatlifts.
D) none of the above.

Question 78

Which is not a reason for the position of Cubans relative to other Latinos?

A) their anti-communism
B) their high levels of education
C) their entrepreneurial and professional skills
D) their bilingualism

Question 79

Which event has most changed non-Latinos' views about Cubans?

A) the Mariel boatlifts
B) the decline in the Cuban economy
C) the excessive entrepreneurial zeal of Cubans
D) the loss of fear in Americans over communism

Question 80

Which is not true of Cubans?

A) They are more successful economically than other Latinos.
B) They are less likely than other Latinos to be in poverty.
C) They are less likely than other Latinos to reveal stratification within their communities.
D) They are less likely than Mexican Americans to be involved in agriculture.