Deck 1: Ethnicity and Ethnic Relations

Question 1

Discuss the factors that affect a subpopulation's distinctiveness as an ethnic group.

Answer 1

Answers will vary

Question 2

Why can biological distinctiveness be seen as part of ethnicity?

Answer 2

Answers will vary

Question 3

Why is power so important in the analysis of discrimination among ethnic subpopulations?

Answer 3

Answers will vary

Question 4

Define discrimination and prejudice, and discuss the relationship between the two.

Question 5

Identify and discuss each of the five types of discrimination.

Question 6

What factors are involved in institutionalized discrimination?

Question 7

What factors are involved in ethnic stratification?

Question 8

Discuss the various ways that members of an ethnic subpopulation can adapt to discrimination.

Question 9

How does ethnic stratification limit the access of ethnic persons to social rewards and opportunities in U.S. society?

Question 10

Why is race limited in making sense as a biological concept?

Question 11

Identify the general features of ethnic conflict.

Question 12

How does one distinguish institutional discrimination from individual acts of discrimination?

Question 13

For ethnic minorities, what are some of the costs that result from discrimination and segregation?

Question 14

How does skin color result in an ethnic hierarchy in society, especially in the United States?

Question 15

Why is it easier for the Irish, Italians, and Poles to assimilate in U.S. society than it is for Mexicans, African Americans, and Puerto Ricans?

Question 16

Is prejudice necessary for producing discriminatory acts or behavior?

Question 17

Explain why the high rate of poverty among particular ethnic groups makes it clear that ethnic stratification exists in the United States.

Question 18

Explain why certain ethnic groups are more likely to be represented in low-paying service occupations.

Question 19

Explain why the denial of higher-paying jobs to particular ethnic groups is a health detriment.

Question 20

The phrase "ethnic population" denotes persons with an interrelated cluster of characteristics: biological, cultural, behavioral, and organizational.

Question 21

Decreased discrimination against an ethnic population may often result in increased social mobility for members of the population.

Question 22

Prejudice is a set of positive beliefs and stereotypes about a category of people.

Question 23

Although prejudice often leads to discrimination, acts of discrimination rarely lead people to develop prejudices against their victims.

Question 24

Intelligence is a characteristic that identifies ethnic group membership.

Question 25

As an ethnic population's identifiability decreases, its assimilation into the broader culture and society increases.

Question 26

Marginal adaptation is least successful when the minority population is small.

Question 27

Prejudice does not always translate into discrimination.

Question 28

Prejudice and discrimination are not important dimensions in ethnic stratification.

Question 29

The Indian reservation is a form of segregation.

Question 30

The more visible the characteristics marking ethnicity, the less likely are those in an ethnic category to be treated differently.

Question 31

The term "race" connotes minor biological differences among peoples that are transmitted from generation to generation.

Question 32

Discrimination in one institutional sphere generally leads to discrimination in other spheres.

Question 33

Institutionalized discrimination acts in both informal and formal contexts.

Question 34

The terms "prejudice" and "discrimination" are roughly equivalent.

Question 35

Victims of discrimination often do not respond to such discrimination.

Question 36

Marginal participation in specialized economic niches is most likely when an ethnic population is large.

Question 37

Ethnic tension and conflict are comparatively recent phenomena in human social organization.

Question 38

The physical features that people use to designate others as a member of a distinct race are related to basic biological functions.

Question 39

Self-segregation of an ethnic population is easiest to maintain in urban, media-dominated societies.

Question 40

Race as a biological phenomenon is rather trivial, whereas as a sociological phenomenon it is a very significant marker of ethnicity.

Question 41

The term "minority group" does not capture the full dynamics of ethnic relations.

Question 42

Minority or majority status is less important than who has power in determining the direction of ethnic relations.

Question 43

Revolt and rebellion of an ethnic subpopulation rarely occur once organized protests begin.

Question 44

Prejudicial stereotypes are not necessary for the maintenance of institutionalized discrimination.

Question 45

Discrimination is the most important force sustaining ethnic tensions in a society.

Question 46

Expulsion is the most intense form of discrimination.

Question 47

Selective inclusion is a discriminatory process that also has elements of exclusion.

Question 48

Selective inclusion and exclusion represent distinct forms of discrimination which rarely operate together.

Question 49

Ethnic populations that have done well economically have rarely been victims of discrimination.

Question 50

Without proper educational credentials, individuals are less likely to have access to higher-paying jobs.

Question 51

African Americans on average live five to six years longer than whites.

Question 52

Which is not a part of institutionalized discrimination?

A) discrimination sanctioned by values, beliefs, and norms
B) discrimination supported by policies of organizations
C) discrimination that is unintentional
D) discrimination that involves isolated acts by individuals

Question 53

Two types of discrimination that tend to operate simultaneously are selective inclusion and

A) segregation.
B) exclusion.
C) genocide.
D) assimilation.

Question 54

Sending free blacks to a black state in Africa is an example of

A) reverse discrimination.
B) segregation.
C) expulsion.
D) selective inclusion.

Question 55

A problem with the definition of the term "minority group" offered by Louis Wirth is that

A) the term "minority" may refer to an ethnic population that is in the numerical majority.
B) the members of the minority group may include assimilated persons.
C) the importance of physical or cultural characteristics identifying minority group members is underemphasized.
D) none of the above

Question 56

Which of the following is not a characteristic of ethnicity?

A) religion
B) language
C) eye color
D) family practices

Question 57

Which of the following is not a form of adaptation to prejudice and discrimination?

A) assimilation
B) subversive participation
C) rebellion
D) withdrawal

Question 58

Ethnic stratification refers to

A) a system of rewards that is associated with a person's ethnic identity.
B) a basis for giving ethnic persons greater access to social rewards and opportunities.
C) the location of most members of an ethnic subpopulation in various social hierarchies.
D) a and b.

Question 59

Which is not part of the definition of ethnic stratification?

A) the resources typically received by an ethnic subpopulation
B) the location of members of an ethnic subpopulation in social hierarchies
C) the distinctiveness of an ethnic subpopulation in terms of its resources
D) All are part of the definition.

Question 60

Which of the following factors make possible institutionalized discrimination in society?

A) individual discriminatory acts that are sanctioned by cultural values, beliefs, or norms
B) social structures that operate on a discriminatory basis
C) patterns of discrimination that are pervasive and persistent
D) all of the above

Question 61

Which of the following is not a type of discrimination?

A) genocide
B) integration
C) expulsion
D) segregation

Question 62

Which of the following characteristics is not associated with the definition of an ethnic group?

A) behavior
B) culture
C) organization
D) intelligence

Question 63

A system of ethnic stratification

A) decreases an ethnic population's visibility in society.
B) increases social rewards and opportunities for ethnic populations.
C) makes it difficult to locate the place of ethnic populations in society.
D) targets ethnic persons for prejudice and discrimination.

Question 64

Which of the following terms is least equivalent to the others?

A) ethnic group
B) ethnic population
C) ethnic subpopulation
D) minority group

Question 65

Which phrase best describes the underlying forces involved in the term "minority group"?

A) discrimination by members of a more powerful ethnic subpopulation against those of a less powerful subpopulation
B) discrimination by a larger group against a smaller group
C) discrimination by one race against another
D) none of the above

Question 66

Which statement is not true about the notion of "race"?

A) Race can be clearly determined biologically.
B) Race is a social construction.
C) Race is an important marker of ethnicity.
D) Perceptions of race often increase the intensity of discrimination.

Question 67

Which is the most severe form of discrimination?

A) genocide
B) segregation
C) expulsion
D) exclusion

Question 68

Which is the most important force in relations among ethnic subpopulations?

A) relative power
B) relative cohesiveness
C) relative longevity in a society
D) All are equally important.

Question 69

Which phrase best describes discrimination?

A) hating others because they are different
B) avoiding others because they are distinctive
C) perceiving others in negative terms
D) denying others access to valued resources

Question 70

Which is not part of Robert Merton's categorization of the relationship between prejudice and discrimination?

A) all-weather liberal
B) active bigots
C) timid bigots
D) hypocritical liberals

Question 71

Which is not true about prejudice?

A) Prejudice can cause discrimination.
B) Discrimination can cause prejudice.
C) Discrimination and prejudice reinforce each other.
D) Prejudice is not related to ethnic stratification.

Question 72

Which is a "timid bigot" least likely to do?

A) hold prejudices against others
B) overtly discriminate against others
C) unintentionally discriminate
D) a and b

Question 73

Which is the least likely response of an ethnic population to discrimination?

A) passive acceptance
B) genocide
C) self-segregation
D) assimilation

Question 74

Which is the greatest barrier to assimilation?

A) poverty
B) biological distinctiveness
C) cultural distinctiveness
D) None is a greater barrier than the others.

Question 75

Which is not a part of a subpopulation's ethnicity?

A) their history
B) their biological distinctiveness
C) their culture
D) none of the above

Question 76

Which is not true of ethnicity?

A) Ethnicity is influenced by behavioral demeanor of a subpopulation.
B) Ethnicity is influenced by common historical experiences of a subpopulation.
C) Ethnicity is ultimately determined by race.
D) Ethnicity is often created and forged from experiences of discrimination.

Question 77

Allowing early Asian immigrants to the United States access to mining and railroad occupations but not to political offices or professional occupations is a type of segregation known as _________.

Question 78

__________ and __________ are two types of adaptation to discrimination that operate to isolate ethnic populations in society.

Question 79

The __________ movement in America advocated a separate black community, self-supporting and isolated from white institutions.

Question 80

__________ refers to a situation in which an ethnic group accepts its subordinate position yet maintains its dignity and identity.