Deck 60: Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Question 1

Endangered species

A) have become extinct.
B) are those species likely to become in danger of extinction in the future.
C) are only found in the tropics.
D) are only animals.
E) are in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of their range.

Answer 1

are in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of their range.

Question 2

Threatened species

A) are rare species with unregulated hunting seasons.
B) are species likely to become endangered in the future.
C) are species likely to become endangered in the future and are in danger of extinction throughout all . or a significant portion of their range.
D) are confined to plants.
E) are in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of their range and are confined to plants.

Answer 2

are species likely to become endangered in the future and are in danger of extinction throughout all . or a significant portion of their range.

Question 3

The rivet hypothesis states

A) Each species plays a small but important role in the health of an ecosystem.
B) The more species present in an ecosystem, the more stable the community.
C) All species play an equal role in ecosystems.
D) Larger species play a more important role in ecosystems and in community stability.
E) The more species present in an ecosystem, the more stable the community and larger species play a more important role in ecosystems and in community stability.

Answer 3

Each species plays a small but important role in the health of an ecosystem.

Question 4

According to the rivet hypothesis:

A) Genetic diversity holds together an ecosystem.
B) Any species loss will have major consequences for ecosystem processes.
C) The loss of a few species from an ecosystem could probably be tolerated.
D) Ecosystems are resilient to extinctions.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 5

According to the redundancy hypothesis, species are redundant if

A) they could be eliminated or replaced by others with no loss of function and we have named them wrongly.
B) there is an excess of species.
C) we have named them wrongly.
D) only one species is necessary at each trophic level.
E) they could be eliminated or replaced by others with no loss of function.

Question 6

In a series of field experiments, David Tilman and colleagues tried to determine how much biodiversity was necessary for proper ecosystem function. They found a relationship between

A) the number of plant and the number of animals.
B) ecosystems and allelic diversity.
C) species and genetic diversity.
D) diversity and ecosystem function.
E) species and parental generations

Question 7

In the Ecotron experiments of Shahid Naeem comparing species diversity and ecosystem function, it was found that a larger ground cover also meant

A) higher nutrient uptake by animals in the system.
B) a larger plant biomass and greater community productivity.
C) more individual plants from fewer plant species.
D) ecosystem function depends only available light intensity.
E) genetic, species, and ecosystem attributes are tightly linked.

Question 8

The main causes of species extinction include all of the following EXCEPT

A) direct exploitation.
B) introduced species.
C) introgression.
D) habitat destruction.
E) climate change.

Question 9

Introduced species become invasive when they

A) outcompete native species for space and resources.
B) go from temperate to tropical settings.
C) define new habitats.
D) lead to a cost to humans.
E) go from temperate to tropical settings and are carried to new habitats.

Question 10

Inbreeding and small population size of a threatened species can combine to form a downward spiral for the species known as a(n)

A) extinction vortex.
B) random change of allele frequencies attributable to chance.
C) random mutation.
D) accelerated evolution of new traits.
E) None of the possibilities are correct.

Question 11

The decline in the reproduction and survival of individuals in small populations is known as the

A) extinction vortex.
B) Wilson effect.
C) effective population size.
D) Allee effect.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 12

Geographic biodiversity "hot spots" are those areas with

A) the widest variety of plant species in three or more ecosystems.
B) the greatest number of species in the greatest area of land or water.
C) the greatest land mass.
D) at least 1500 endemic plant species and that have lost at least 70% of the original habitat.
E) the greatest number of species and cycles.

Question 13

An endemic species is one that

A) has been cultivated by humans.
B) functions as a keystone species.
C) is found in only one particular place or region.
D) can be used as an indicator species.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 14

Which of these is NOT a focus of habitat conservation?

A) identifying representative habitats
B) identifying countries rich in species
C) identifying areas rich in endemics
D) identifying areas of rich farm land
E) identifying areas rich in endemics and identifying representative habitats

Question 15

___________ Ecology examines the spatial arrangement of elements in communities and ecosystems.

A) Landscape
B) Community
C) Population
D) Macro
E) Global

Question 16

Species whose status provides information on the overall health of an ecosystem are called

A) umbrella species.
B) keystone species.
C) endemic species.
D) flagship species.
E) indicator species.

Question 17

Species whose habitat requirements are so large that protecting them would mean protecting many other species in the same habitat are called

A) indicator species.
B) keystone species.
C) endemic species.
D) flagship species.
E) umbrella species.

Question 18

Species within a community that have a role out of proportion with their abundance are called

A) indicator species.
B) SLOSS species.
C) keystone species.
D) dominant species.
E) umbrella species.

Question 19

Species that create, modify and maintain habitat are known as

A) indicator species.
B) keystone species.
C) dominant species.
D) SLOSS builders.
E) ecosystem engineers.

Question 20

_________ is the use of living organisms to detoxify polluted habitats such as oil spills.

A) Restoration
B) Rehabilitation
C) Bioremediation
D) Replacement
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 21

The propagation of animals and plants outside their natural habitat is called

A) captive breeding.
B) bioremediation.
C) unnatural reproduction.
D) natural restoration.
E) captive breeding and natural restoration.

Question 22

Cloning endangered species

A) is expensive.
B) is rarely practical.
C) needs surrogate mothers.
D) does not address the root cause of species loss.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 23

One of the leading causes of the extinction of species in the United States has been

A) climate change.
B) inbreeding.
C) deforestation.
D) invasive species.
E) soil erosion.

Question 24

Spotted owls are keystone species.

Question 25

More spending has led to greater recovery of black rhinoceros numbers.

Question 26

The passenger pigeon went extinct due to natural causes.

Question 27

The number of extinctions of birds and mammals has gone up as human populations have increased.

Question 28

SLOSS stands for single large or several small.

Question 29

Beavers are an example of a dominant species.

Question 30

Field experiments by David Tilman showed that increased plant diversity reduced the severity of attack by foliar fungal diseases.

Question 31

A smaller percentage of bird than fish species are endangered.

Question 32

One reason for conserving species is on ethical grounds.

Question 33

Both rare and common insect species may have economic value.