Deck 47: Circulatory Systems

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a necessary component of a "true" circulatory system?

A) blood or hemolymph
B) blood vessels
C) one or more hearts
D) capillaries
E) All of these choices are components of a true circulatory system.

Answer 1

capillaries

Question 2

______ do NOT depend on the circulatory system to deliver oxygen to the tissues.

A) Insects
B) Molluscs
C) Mammals
D) Birds
E) Amphibians

Answer 2

Insects

Question 3

You would find a closed circulatory system in

A) cockroaches.
B) snails.
C) squid.
D) earthworms.
E) squid and earthworms.

Answer 3

squid and earthworms.

Question 4

In the single circulation of a fish, _______ and _________ are present.

A) one atrium, one ventricle
B) two atria, one ventricle
C) two atria, two ventricles
D) one atrium, two ventricles
E) no atrium, one ventricle

Question 5

In the circulatory system of a frog, the _____ circulation supplies the body tissues, while the ______ circulation supplies the respiratory surfaces.

A) systemic, pulmocutaneous
B) pulmocutaneous, systemic
C) systemic, cutaneous
D) pulmocutaneous, systolic
E) None of the choices for this question are correct.

Question 6

Which of the following groups of animals does NOT exhibit a "double circulation" and four-chambered hearts?

A) mammals
B) birds
C) crocodilians
D) snakes
E) All of the groups listed exhibit a complete double circulation.

Question 7

In all vertebrates with four-chambered hearts, the ________ receives oxygenated blood directly from the ______.

A) left ventricle, left atrium
B) left ventricle, lungs
C) right ventricle, right atrium
D) right ventricle, lungs
E) left atrium, left ventricle

Question 8

The pressure of blood leaving the right ventricle is ______ than the pressure of blood leaving the left ventricle.

A) greater
B) less
C) not different

Question 9

The components of vertebrate blood include

A) plasma.
B) leukocytes.
C) erythrocytes.
D) platelets.
E) All of the choices for this question are correct.

Question 10

The primary function served by erythrocytes is

A) transport of oxygen.
B) defense against pathogens.
C) buffering against changes in blood pH.
D) sealing breaks in the walls of blood vessels.
E) transport of water-soluble vitamins.

Question 11

During cellular maturation, mammalian erythrocytes lose their

A) nucleus.
B) plasma membrane.
C) mitochondria.
D) hemoglobin.
E) None of the answers for this question are correct.

Question 12

Reduced levels of hemoglobin in the blood result in the condition of

A) anemia.
B) polycythemia.
C) thrombosis.
D) hematoma.
E) lupus erythromatosus.

Question 13

Hemophilia results from a deficiency in

A) platelets.
B) fibrin.
C) plasma.
D) collagen.
E) an enzyme clotting factor.

Question 14

In the final reaction of the blood clotting cascade, the soluble plasma protein _____ is converted to the insoluble protein ______, which then forms a network of fibers.

A) fibrin; prothrombin
B) fibrinogen; fibrin
C) thrombin; fibrin
D) fibrinogen; thrombin
E) prothrombin; thrombin

Question 15

Chapter 43 described an important experiment by Otto Loewi that demonstrated the existence of chemical neurotransmitters. Loewi used frog hearts in dishes that exhibited a regular heartbeat even when disconnected from the rest of the body. This experiment would not have been possible if these hearts lacked

A) sinoatrial nodes.
B) atrioventricular nodes.
C) neurogenic pacemakers.
D) cardiogenic pacemakers.
E) atrioventricular valves.

Question 16

If a human red blood cell takes the shortest possible route from the right ventricle to the right atrium, then it must travel through _____ capillary beds.

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) five

Question 17

The spread of an action potential through heart tissue is made possible by

A) gap junctions.
B) tight junctions.
C) a network of neurons in the heart.
D) myogenic junctions.
E) synaptic clefts.

Question 18

If you hold a stethoscope to your chest, you can hear the familiar "lub-dupp" sound of your heart in action. The "lub" you hear is

A) closing of the AV valves.
B) closing of the semilunar valves.
C) closing of the foramen ovale.
D) atrial contraction.
E) stretching of the aorta.

Question 19

What is the reason why fluid is forced out of capillaries at the arteriolar end?

A) The osmotic force of the interstitial fluid is greater than that of the blood.
B) The pressure of the blood is less than that of the interstitial fluid.
C) The pressure of the blood is greater than the osmotic force of the interstitial fluid.
D) The osmotic force of the interstitial fluid is greater than the pressure of the blood.
E) The osmotic force of the blood is greater than the pressure of the interstitial fluid.

Question 20

The primary determinant of blood flow to a particular region of the body during normal physiological function is

A) the radius of arterioles.
B) blood hematocrit.
C) the length of arterioles.
D) venous return regulated by sympathetic activation.
E) leakage of fluids from the capillaries.

Question 21

Acetylcholine induces vasodilation in intact blood vessels because _____ is released from the ___.

A) nitric oxide, endothelium
B) nitric oxide, smooth muscle layer
C) nitric oxide, lymphatic system
D) carbon monoxide, endothelium
E) norepinephrine, endothelium

Question 22

The critical tissue for producing a vasodilatory effect of acetylcholine in Robert Furchgott's experiments with rabbit aortas was the

A) endothelium.
B) smooth muscle layer.
C) elastic outer layer.
D) pericardium.
E) one-way valves.

Question 23

The key chemical messenger responsible for increasing cardiac output when animals are exercising or under certain stresses is

A) epinephrine.
B) acetylcholine.
C) dopamine.
D) serotonin.
E) glutamate.

Question 24

The development of hypertension in humans is associated with

A) obesity.
B) smoking.
C) age.
D) kidney disease.
E) All of the choices for this question are correct.

Question 25

The condition of atherosclerosis is defined as

A) accumulation of plaque in blood vessels.
B) reduced arterial resistance.
C) elevated vasodilation in the limbs.
D) chronic myocardial infarction.
E) coronary artery bypass.

Question 26

Blood is typically delivered to respiratory structures at low pressures in closed circulatory systems.

Question 27

The same hormone can cause vasoconstriction in some arterioles and vasodilation in others.