Deck 7: Cellular Respiration, Fermentation, and Secondary Metabolism

Question 1

The equation, C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ ?6CO₂ + 6H₂O (ATP + Heat), describes a reaction that

A) is endergonic.
B) requires energy.
C) occurs in plants only.
D) is exergonic.
E) is anabolic.

Answer 1

is exergonic.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a process of aerobic respiration?

A) citric acid cycle
B) glycolysis
C) acetyl CoA formation
D) oxidative phosphorylation
E) lactate fermentation

Answer 2

lactate fermentation

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE of the citric acid cycle?

A) It yields most of the NAD+ in cell respiration.
B) It produces oxygen.
C) It yields ATP, NADH, and FADH2 as energy intermediates.
D) It occurs on the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
E) It produces ATP as the primary energy intermediate.

Answer 3

It yields ATP, NADH, and FADH2 as energy intermediates.

Question 4

Which of the following function: location relationship is INCORRECT?

A) acetyl CoA formation; cytosol
B) citric acid cycle; mitochondria matrix
C) oxidative phosphorylation; mitochondria inner membrane
D) glycolysis; cytosol
E) electron transport chain and ATP synthase; mitochondria inner membrane

Question 5

Which compound has the highest free energy and produces the most ATP when oxidized?

A) acetyl CoA
B) glucose
C) pyruvate
D) carbon
E) both pyruvate and carbon

Question 6

Cellular respiration produces the most chemical in the form of ATP from which of the following?

A) the electron transport chain
B) the citric acid cycle
C) substrate-level phosphorylation
D) glycolysis
E) oxidative phosphorylation

Question 7

Which of the following statements is TRUE of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

A) Both use glycolysis to oxidize glucose to pyruvate.
B) Both produce NADH as high-energy intermediates.
C) Both produce either lactic acid or enthanol as a bioproduct.
D) Both use glycolysis to oxidize glucose to pyruvate and both produce NADH as high-energy intermediates.
E) Both produce NADH as high-energy intermediates and both produce either lactic acid or enthanol as a bioproduct.

Question 8

Which would be TRUE if a metabolic poison were to completely inhibit the function of mitochondrial ATP synthase?

A) The pH difference across the inner mitochondrial membrane would decrease.
B) The pH difference across the inner mitochondrial membrane would increase.
C) ATP synthesis would increase.
D) Oxygen consumption would decrease.
E) The accumulation of NADH would increase.

Question 9

Which of the following is most directly responsible for driving ATP synthase and the production of ATP in cellular respiration?

A) The electron transport chain pumping H⁺ from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space.
B) The flow of electrons down the electron transport chain.
C) The loss in free energy that occurs as an electron moves down the transport chain.
D) The H⁺ electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondria membrane.
E) The ability of oxygen to rapidly capture an electron and energize ATP synthase.

Question 10

Assuming a fat molecule can be oxidized into 2 glycerol molecules, which are immediately converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, in intermediate glycolysis, how many ATP can be produced from a fat molecule?

A) 4
B) 8
C) 24
D) 36
E) 60

Question 11

In the citric acid cycle, succinate is oxidized to form

A) fumarate.
B) succinate.
C) citrate.
D) malate.
E) oxaloacetate.

Question 12

The enzyme responsible for oxidizing pyruvate once it enters the mitochondrial matrix is

A) pyruvate oxidase
B) pyruvate dehydrogenase.
C) hexokinase
D) ATP synthase.
E) peptidase.

Question 13

Which pathway shows the correct path of electron transfer from a molecule of NADH?

A) NADH hydrogenase ? ubiquinone ? cytochrome oxidase ? cytochrome b-c1 ? cytochrome c ? O2
B) NADH hydrogenase ? ubiquinone ? cytochrome c ? cytochrome b-c1? cytochrome oxidase ? O2
C) ubiquinone ? cytochrome b-c1? cytochrome c ? cytochrome oxidase ? NADH hydrogenase ? O2
D) NADH hydrogenase ? ubiquinone ? cytochrome b-c1? cytochrome c ? cytochrome oxidase ? O2
E) ubiquinone ? cytochrome b-c1? cytochrome c ? NADH hydrogenase ? cytochrome oxidase ? O2

Question 14

Which pathway shows the correct path of electron transfer from a molecule of FADH2?

A) succinate reductase ? ubiquinone ? cytochrome oxidase ? cytochrome b-c1 ? cytochrome c ? O2
B) succinate reductase ? ubiquinone ? cytochrome b-c1? cytochrome c ? cytochrome oxidase ? O2
C) ubiquinone ? cytochrome b-c1? cytochrome c ? cytochrome oxidase ? NADH hydrogenase ? O2
D) succinate reductase ? ubiquinone ? cytochrome b-c1? cytochrome c ? cytochrome oxidase ? O2.
E) ubiquinone ? cytochrome b-c1? cytochrome c ? NADH hydrogenase ? cytochrome oxidase ? O2.

Question 15

Sports physiologists at an Olympic training center wanted to monitor athletes to determine at what point their muscles were functioning anaerobically. They could do this by checking for the buildup of which molecule?

A) ATP
B) lactate
C) carbon dioxide
D) ADP
E) oxygen

Question 16

Which of the following is INCORRECT for ethanol fermentation?

A) A source of organic sugar is required, for instance from malt.
B) Results in a net production of NADH.
C) Glucose is oxidized to pyruvate as one of the steps.
D) Carbon dioxide and ATP are produced.
E) NADH is used to reduce acetaldehyde to ethanol.

Question 17

Which of the following does NOT occur during yeast fermentation?

A) Acetylaldehyde is reduced to make ethanol.
B) Decrease in NADH.
C) Lactate is produced.
D) Pyruvate is broken down into CO2 and acetylaldehyde.
E) NADH is oxidized to NAD⁺

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT considered a secondary metabolite?

A) glucose
B) flavonoids
C) terpenoids
D) alkoloids
E) polyketides

Question 19

Vanillin is to flavonoids as atropine is to

A) flavonoids.
B) terpenoids.
C) polyketides.
D) alkoloids.
E) B-carotenes.

Question 20

NADH and FADH₂ donate their electrons to protein complex I.

Question 21

ATP synthase is a good example of a molecular machine that is composed of various protein subunits and that has moving parts.

Question 22

The proton motive force is key to chemiosis because the H⁺ electrochemical gradient is lower in the intermembrane space than inside the matrix.

Question 23

When a molecule of NAD⁺ (nicontinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom, the molecule becomes reduced.

Question 24

Proteins and fats may be used as energy sources to drive aerobic respiration.

Question 25

During the energy investment phase of glycolysis there is a decrease of free energy that allows later reactions to be exergonic.

Question 26

The ability of bread to rise is mainly a function of the CO₂ produced during oxidative phosphorylation rather than that produced from fermentation.

Question 27

The aerobic breakdown of glucose yields 34 to 38 ATP, while the anaerobic breakdown of glucose yields 20 ATP.

Question 28

Secondary metabolites like caffeine are produced mainly from plant sources.