Deck 4: General Features of Cells

Question 1

Which of the following are principles of the cell theory or cell doctrine?

A) All living things are composed of one or more cells.
B) Cells are the smallest unit of living organisms.
C) New cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division.
D) Cells are the smallest unit of living organisms and new cells form from pre-existing cells by cell division.
E) All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the smallest units of life, and new . cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division.

Answer 1

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the smallest units of life, and new . cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division.

Question 2

Which two cell scientists are credited with the formulation of the cell theory, also known as the cell doctrine?

A) Watson and Crick
B) Schleiden and Schwann
C) Schleiden and Hooke
D) Schwann and Jenner

Answer 2

Schleiden and Schwann

Question 3

This is a tool that enables researchers to study the structure and function of cells.

A) magnifying glass
B) microscope
C) tunneling assay
D) digital recording
E) differential centrifugation

Answer 3

microscope

Question 4

Which of the following type of microscopy would be most effective in visualizing the fine structure of viruses and cytoskeletal filaments 10-25 nanometers in diameter?

A) standard light microscopy
B) phase-contrast light microscopy
C) transmission electron microscopy
D) darkfield light microscopy
E) differential-interference microscopy

Question 5

Prokaryotes

A) lack a true nucleus.
B) lack true DNA.
C) use the cell membrane rather than ribosomes for making proteins.
D) contain numerous organelles.
E) are relatively benign cells incapable of harming organisms.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT true of prokaryotes?

A) They lack a membrane-bound nucleus.
B) DNA is located within the cytosol.
C) They have a simpler structure relative to eukaryotes.
D) They possess membrane-bound organelles.
E) They are relatively small compared with eukaryotes.

Question 7

The cell wall is a common feature to

A) prokaryotic cells only.
B) plant cells only.
C) animal cells only.
D) prokaryotic and plant cells.
E) prokaryotic, plant, and animal cells.

Question 8

Plasma membranes are a feature of

A) all cells.
B) prokaryotic cells only.
C) eukaryotic cells only.
D) plant cells only.
E) animal cells only.

Question 9

The nucleus is to eukaryotes as the ________ is to prokaryotes.

A) pili
B) glycocalyx
C) ribosome
D) nucleoid
E) cell wall

Question 10

Which of the statements about the synthesis of polypeptides (proteins) is INCORRECT?

A) Translation is the process of protein synthesis.
B) Proteins are synthesized in the cytosol.
C) The synthesis of proteins is a catabolic process.
D) The synthesis of proteins requires ribosomes.
E) Proteins are synthesized from mRNA template.

Question 11

Which cytoskeletal structures represent a highly diverse group of tension-bearing fibers important to the maintenance of cell shape?

A) microtubules
B) intermediate filaments
C) microfilaments
D) centrioles
E) pili

Question 12

The cytoskeleton and motor proteins are important for which of the following processes?

A) cell motility
B) whipping motion of sperm flagella
C) movement of amoeba by lamellopodia
D) muscle contraction
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT true for cilia or flagella?

A) They are involved in cell motility.
B) They require ATP to work.
C) They are composed of microfilaments.
D) They require motor proteins to work.
E) They are composed of an internal structure called the axoneme.

Question 14

This cytoskeletal structure is composed of actin and regulates cell shape, cell movement, and muscle contraction.

A) microfilaments
B) intermediate filaments
C) microtubules
D) both microfilaments and intermediate filaments
E) both microfilaments and microtubules

Question 15

In animal cells microtubules grow from which structure?

A) origination centers in the plasma membrane
B) outer membrane of the nuclear envelope
C) centrosomes containing centrioles
D) dimerization centers located throughout the cytosol
E) the tips of the chromosomes

Question 16

Which would be the most accurate endomembrane route through which a protein is secreted from a cell?

A) Golgi apparatus?lysosome?vesicles?plasma membrane
B) plasmid?plasma membrane?nuclear envelope?smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) nuclear envelope?vesicles?Golgi apparatus?plasma membrane
D) rough endoplasmic reticulum?lysosomes?vesicles?cell membrane
E) rough endoplasmic reticulum? Golgi apparatus?vesicles ?plasma membrane

Question 17

Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) lysosome-protein synthesis
B) cytoskeleton-microfilaments
C) nucleus-DNA replication
D) cell membrane-lipid bilayer
E) Golgi apparatus-modification, processing, and sorting of macromolecules

Question 18

Which of the following relationships between cell structures and their respective functions is NOT correct?

A) chloroplast: photosynthesis
B) cell wall: support, protection
C) mitochondria: formation of ATP
D) ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
E) Golgi apparatus: breakdown of macromolecules

Question 19

This organelle is important for the detoxification of alcohol in the liver.

A) lysosome
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) mitochondrion
D) Golgi apparatus
E) peroxisome

Question 20

Which of the following is INCORRECT about ribosome biosynthesis and structure?

A) Ribosomes are composed of two subunits.
B) Ribosomes are composed of RNA.
C) All components of the ribosome are produced in the cytosol.
D) Ribosomal proteins are produced in the cytosol.
E) Ribosomes are composed of proteins.

Question 21

Which of the following is not a constituent of the nucleus?

A) pores
B) envelope or membrane
C) chromosomes
D) chromatin
E) protein modifying enzymes

Question 22

Lysosomes digest intracellular debris, such as organelles, through the process of __________.

A) endocytosis
B) phagocytosis
C) autophagy
D) pinocytosis
E) excocytosis

Question 23

In eukaryotes, which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

A) barrier for separating extracellular and intracellular environments of a cell
B) cell-to-cell adhesion
C) selective transport
D) ATP synthesis
E) cell signaling

Question 24

Which of the following statements about peroxisomes is INCORRECT?

A) They were once viewed as semiautonomous.
B) They assist in detoxifying molecules.
C) They possess a single membrane.
D) They possess their own DNA.
E) They possess an enzyme that prevents accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and free radicals.

Question 25

Which of the following organelles can grow and divide to reproduce themselves?

A) mitochondria only
B) chloroplasts only
C) peroxisomes only
D) both mitochondria and chloroplasts
E) Mithochondria, chloroplasts, and lysosomes can reproduce themselves.

Question 26

Tissues that are metabolically active and utilize large amounts of energy would be rich in

A) ribosomes.
B) lysosomes.
C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
D) mitochondria.
E) contractile vacuoles.

Question 27

Which of the following plant organelle is a colorless plastid that stores starch in roots?

A) thyloplasts
B) chloroplasts
C) chromoplasts
D) amyloplasts
E) both chloroplasts and chromoplasts

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of both mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes?

A) Composed of a double stranded chromosome.
B) Composed of a single circular chromosome
C) Has a small genome.
D) Chloroplast genome is larger than the mitochondrial genome.

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a function of a signal recognition particle (SRP)?

A) Binds to a receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
B) Docks the ribosome over a channel protein.
C) Helps a vesicle bud from the endoplasmic membrane (ER)
D) Recognizes the endoplasmic membrane (ER) signal sequence

Question 30

Resolution, contrast, and magnification are three important parameters in microscopy.

Question 31

The flagellum is used for cell motility in eukaryotes only.

Question 32

The presence of a cell wall and chloroplasts are two features that distinguish a plant cell from an animal cell.

Question 33

The genome rather than proteome most specifically determines how a cell looks and functions.

Question 34

The glycocalyx is a protective coating that prevents bacteria from dehydration and potential destruction by the host organism.

Question 35

The Golgi apparatus is much like a warehouse; it processes proteins and sorts them for delivery to certain parts of the cell.

Question 36

Both lysosomes and peroxisomes are important for detoxifying substances in the cell.

Question 37

The first step in cotranslational sorting is the peptide is directed to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 38

Chaperones keep proteins destined for the mitochondrial matrix in their three dimensional active structure.