Deck 6: Restorative Justice: Reintegrative Shaming

Question 1

Advocates of restorative justice favor justice for:

A) victims and offenders
B) victims only
C) offenders only
D) the state only

Answer 1

victims and offenders

Question 2

The traditional system we now use contrasts with restorative justice in which of the following ways?

A) the process ends with the victim living with the harm
B) the process ends with victims receiving revenge
C) the process ends with little involvement of the victim in the case
D) the process ends with victims and offenders resolving their issues

Answer 2

the process ends with the victim living with the harm

Question 3

Which of the following is not a central principle of restorative justice?

A) crime causes harm
B) the goal of sentencing/corrections should be to reverse the harm that has been caused by the criminal act
C) sentencing and correctional practices should restore victims, the community, and the offender to their original state
D) the victim becomes less important in the sentencing process-the state acts more as an adversary than as an arbitrator

Answer 3

the victim becomes less important in the sentencing process-the state acts more as an adversary than as an arbitrator

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding the role of restoration is true?

A) the offender is placed behind bars until they have finished their sentence
B) the offender is absolved of their wrongdoings by the state
C) the offender is reintegrated into the community
D) the offender is placed into a facility until they are cured of committing new offenses

Question 5

Which of the following is not a purpose of the victim-offender conference?

A) the offender shows contrition
B) the offender explains the circumstances that led to the crime
C) a strategy is developed for the offender to restore the victim
D) a strategy is developed for the offender to restore the community

Question 6

Restoration is contingent on which of the following?

A) the restorative actions of the victim
B) the restorative actions of the state
C) the restorative actions of the community
D) the restorative actions of the offender

Question 7

Which of the following is not an appealing aspect of restorative justice?

A) offenders receive benefits that other citizens may not
B) everyone seems to benefit
C) the theory is based on an accountability/social exchange model
D) conservatives and liberals find something to support in this theory

Question 8

Which of the following examples about the justice problem is true?

A) an offender is convicted but is then victimized in prison
B) an offender cons the apology process and the victim is not made whole
C) an offender is forced to serve an unusually long sentence term
D) an offender refuses to meet with a victim to apologize

Question 9

The prison problem of restorative justice refers to which of the following:

A) the approach wants to make sure that offenders remain in prison until they are ready to apologize to their victims
B) the approach wants to reform prisons so they are set up like a community for offenders to practice going into the community
C) the approach wants to process nearly all offenders in the community
D) the approach wants to only select certain types of offenders that are in prison

Question 10

Which of the following statements regarding the criminological problem is true?

A) restorative practices are based on empirical evidence of what works to reduce recidivism
B) restorative justice does not believe the community is important in offering supportive relationships with offenders
C) advocates of restorative justice do not believe in individual differences
D) restorative justice is built on one theory

Question 11

According to Tom Tyler (2003), procedural justice is referring to:

A) people want to feel like criminal justice authorities are competent at their jobs even if that means they have to cut conversations short or make quick decisions
B) people want offenders to be thoroughly searched and questioned by criminal justice authorities even if it extends their jail time
C) people want the criminal justice process to be speedy
D) people want the process used to make decisions about them to be fair and to be treated nicely when dealing with criminal justice authorities

Question 12

What is likely to occur if officers, court personnel, and other state officials do not use procedural justice in their interactions?

A) people become more cooperative
B) people become defiant and more criminal
C) people generally do not change how they will behave
D) people return to an infantile state and are unable to function without assistance

Question 13

According to Braithwaite (1989), which of the following is an example of reintegrative shaming?

A) shaming that communicated bad acts were wrong but then expressed a willingness to accept an apologetic offender back into the community
B) shaming that focused on stigmatizing and excluding offenders which pushes them away from prosocial relationships
C) shaming that communicated bad acts would not be tolerated and if they engaged in criminal behavior again they would be forever isolated from the community
D) shaming that focused on public humiliation that was followed by remorse by an offender

Question 14

Restorative justice advocates believe that offender change should be primarily accomplished by:

A) trained practitioners who monitor offender progress at regular meeting
B) the offender's family to build social support relationships
C) the offender
D) non-experts in a naturalistic setting

Question 15

Which of the following statements not a main conclusion of restorative justice research?

A) restorative justice does not reduce recidivism as well as appropriate rehabilitation programs
B) restorative justice reduces recidivism
C) restorative justice is perceived as effective by victims
D) restorative justice achieves modest effects overall

Question 16

Which of the following is not a limitation of restorative justice?

A) restorative justice uses principles of effective correctional intervention
B) restorative justice is based on a limited theory of crime
C) restorative justice does not target for change the known predictors of recidivism
D) restorative justice's dose of intervention is too weak to change serious offenders

Question 17

A rehabilitation component is generally not included in restorative justice because:

A) the two theories are conflicting
B) of the ideology of restorative justice advocates
C) it would significantly increase the cost of restorative justice practices
D) research indicates both theories work equally as well

Question 18

Which of the following statements regarding the Indianapolis Juvenile Restorative Justice Experiment results are true:

A) youths that participated in family group conferences had significantly lower rates of recidivism even after a 12-year follow-up
B) only youths that volunteered to participate in family group conferences were less likely to recidivate
C) youth that participated in family group conferences had significantly lower incidence rates
D) youths that participated in family group conferences did not have different levels of recidivism than those who did not participate in the conferences

Question 19

What type of analysis did Lawrence Sherman and Heather Strang (2007) use in their earlier work to determine that restorative justice infrequently increases recidivism and about half of the time actually decreases it?

A) cross-sectional study
B) longitudinal study
C) meta-analysis
D) vote-counting study

Question 20

Andrews and Bonta (2010) completed a meta-analysis that examined 46 studies where restorative justice was compared with another sanction. Which of the following statements regarding their results is true?

A) programs that were more clearly restorative in nature were significantly better than programs that had more mundane elements of restorative justice
B) the overall effect size of restorative justice groups is slightly smaller than providing any type of human service
C) the effect size for restorative justice groups was significantly larger than the comparison sanctions
D) restorative justice programs were most effective for high-risk offenders

Question 21

Describe what restorative justice theory is and its underlying assumptions. How does this theory propose to reduce crime?

Question 22

Describe the three problems with restorative justice. How do these problems affect the feasibility of implementing this theory in practice?

Question 23

What are the four limits to restorative justice? Which limitation is the most troubling? Justify your answer.

Question 24

Define reintegrative shaming. How does it differ from stigmatizing shaming? What are the similarities and differences between the two types of shaming?