Deck 9: Specialized Inmate Populations and Juvenile Correctional Systems

Question 1

Offenders with special needs included all of the following except ______.

A) mental issues
B) physical issues
C) emotional challenges
D) high intelligence issues

Answer 1

high intelligence issues

Question 2

During the first few hours of being received, an inmate should be given a(n) ______.

A) intelligence test
B) vocational examination
C) medical screening
D) education screening

Answer 2

medical screening

Question 3

What reason often given for separating special needs inmates from the general population argues that it is generally more efficient and cost-effective if special needs offenders are kept in the same location, where they can be treated as a group?

A) cost containment
B) concentration of resources
C) managed care
D) mainstreaming

Answer 3

cost containment

Question 4

What reason often given for separating special needs inmates from the general population argues that more effective care can be focused on a specialized unit where specifically trained staff can strategically target their skills to populations most in need?

A) concentrated care
B) managed care
C) mainstreaming
D) concentration of resources

Question 5

What type of prison construction design is ideal for agencies that wish to ensure that future construction efforts meet ADA and other standards of care?

A) modification
B) reform
C) collective
D) universal

Question 6

Which of the following is not an example of universal design features?

A) wider doors
B) ramps rather than stairs
C) smaller cell sizes
D) heavier building materials that allow safety bars or railings to be added to construction in later years, if needed

Question 7

Which of the following types of inmates are likely to be very vulnerable to exploitation by other inmates?

A) elderly offenders who are physically weaker and may not be as mentally adept as they were in younger years
B) inmates with anxiety-based disorders
C) inmates with affective disorders
D) all of these

Question 8

Older career criminals who have earned status through years of hard-won adherence to prison and criminological ideals are known as ______.

A) greyhounds
B) bulldogs
C) grey hairs
D) watchdogs

Question 9

Older, inmates that are not seen as weak throughout their life of crime or while serving prison time are known as ______.

A) grey dogs
B) grey bulls
C) grey hairs
D) greyhounds

Question 10

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) sets forth the guidelines in applying a specific diagnosis to a person presenting with a(n) ______

A) classification issue
B) mental disorder
C) HIV/AIDS diagnosis
D) sexually transmitted disease

Question 11

What is defined as any diagnosed disorder contained within the DSM-5?

A) physical illness
B) acute illness
C) mental illness
D) chronic illness

Question 12

Which entity publishes the DSM-5?

A) American Medical Association
B) American Psychiatric Association
C) American Prison Society
D) American Bar Association

Question 13

In 2005, approximately ______ of state inmates had some type of mental health issue.

A) 45%
B) 56%
C) 63%
D) 21%

Question 14

In the Iowa Department of Corrections, it has been estimated that approximately ______ of all violent acts, suicide attempts, illnesses, and injuries involve inmates with a mental health problem.

A) 84%
B) 23%
C) 20%
D) 76%

Question 15

The legal requirements for adequate health care that also extend to mental health care established in the case of Ruiz v. Estelle (1980) are referred to as the ______.

A) five standards of screening care
B) six standards of mental health care
C) four standards of physical and mental health
D) four standards of mental health care

Question 16

Disorders such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and dysthymic disorder are considered ______ disorders.

A) temperament
B) swing
C) manic
D) mood

Question 17

According to Hanser and Mire (2010), nearly ______ of all persons in secure mental hospitals were transferred from a prison system.

A) three fourths
B) half
C) one third
D) one quarter

Question 18

In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court hold that a transfer of any inmate to a mental health hospital required, at minimum, an administrative hearing to determine the appropriateness of such confinement?

A) Ruiz v. Estelle
B) Vitek v. Jones
C) Estelle v. Gamble
D) Wolff v. McDonnell

Question 19

When an offender has two or more disorders, he or she is said within the treatment community to have ______ disorders.

A) double
B) co-occurring
C) comingling
D) twice

Question 20

Which of the following disorders are particularly impacted by the inmate subculture, including the gang subculture?

A) post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
B) schizophrenia
C) antisocial personality
D) depression

Question 21

Rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are high in______, and the disorder is particularly aggravated for those who are victimized within the environment.

A) prisons
B) courtrooms
C) schools
D) all of these

Question 22

Assessment processes will determine whether a sex offender is amenable to ______.

A) prison
B) parole
C) treatment
D) probation

Question 23

A(n) ______ community is an environment that provides necessary behavior modifiers that allow offenders immediate feedback about their behavior and treatment progress.

A) cognitive
B) healing
C) therapeutic
D) emotional

Question 24

Which of the following is true regarding security staff who work with the sex offender population?

A) They should not view sex offenders as horrible persons who deserve the worst possible punishment
B) They should not be sympathetic to sex offenders to the point that they entertain excuses for the criminal behavior
C) They should view the behavior of the sex offender as inappropriate but should be willing to consider that these offenders can change
D) all of these

Question 25

Sex offender programs today most often use a combination of ______.

A) cognitive-behavioral techniques and relapse prevention strategies
B) chemical treatment and group therapy
C) educational and chemical therapy
D) educational therapy and relapse prevention strategies

Question 26

One primary concern of group members in sex offender treatment is often related to confidentiality, particularly regarding information divulged by ______.

A) security staff
B) other group members
C) administrative staff
D) therapy staff

Question 27

Though the stigma of the rape of women is not as great in today's modern prison environment, prior to which decade did it tend to carry negative connotations within the older prison culture?

A) 1960s
B) 1970s
C) 1980s
D) 1990s

Question 28

According to Schuster (2015), PREA prohibits any hard-line rule about housing which type of inmates based on their assigned sex at birth?

A) lesbian
B) bisexual
C) gay
D) transgendered

Question 29

According to Schuster (2015), what is defined solely by a person's internal sense of feeling male or female?

A) bisexuality
B) being lesbian
C) transgender
D) being gay

Question 30

Offenders who commit their first offense later in life are known as ______.

A) offender-turned-elderly-in-prison
B) habitual first-time offenders
C) habitual elderly offenders
D) elderly first-time offenders

Question 31

Older offenders who have a long history of crime and also have a prior record of imprisonment throughout their lifetime are known as ______.

A) offender-turned-elderly-in-prison
B) habitual first-time offenders
C) habitual elderly offenders
D) elderly first-time offenders

Question 32

It is estimated that approximately ______ of elderly inmates are first-time offenders, incarcerated when they were 60 or older.

A) 50%
B) 45%
C) 12%
D) 22%

Question 33

Which type of offenders have long histories in the system and are the least likely to be discipline problems?

A) offender-turned-elderly-in-prison
B) habitual first-time offenders
C) habitual elderly offenders
D) elderly first-time offenders

Question 34

The cost of incarcerating an inmate who is 60 years of age or older is around ______ a year.

A) $70,000
B) $100,000
C) $150,000
D) $10,000

Question 35

What type of youth can be kept in a jail or another type of adult facility when other options are not available?

A) abandoned
B) delinquent
C) status offending
D) protective

Question 36

Which of the following is an instrument used for supervision and treatment decisions when classifying juvenile offenders?

A) LSI-R
B) YLS/CMI
C) DSM-V
D) LRI

Question 37

More than what percent of facilities around the nation have reported that onsite treatment services are provided to youth in their care?

A) 63%
B) 98%
C) 12%
D) 33%

Question 38

Mental health services in the form of evaluation, ongoing therapy, or counseling are nearly universally available in juvenile facilities, with ______ of youth in places that provide one or more of these services either inside or outside the facility.

A) 90%
B) 97%
C) 82%
D) 74%

Question 39

Suicide is the third leading cause of death among adolescents, and according to Wintersteen, Diamond, and Fein (2007), what is the single most important risk factor to look for?

A) prior drug abuse
B) prior suicide attempt
C) prior criminal history
D) prior depression history

Question 40

Despite the ongoing effort to limit the use of detention, juveniles are still detained in about ______ of all delinquency cases.

A) 47%
B) 35%
C) 20%
D) 6%

Question 41

What occurs when a juvenile case is transferred to adult court?

A) juvenile waiver
B) felony waiver
C) chronic waiver
D) detention waiver

Question 42

What type of detention facilities are frequently located near large urban centers and often house large numbers of delinquents in a cottage- or dormitory-type setting?

A) misdemeanor
B) felony
C) private
D) public

Question 43

In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that mandatory sentences of life without the possibility of parole were unconstitutional for juvenile offenders?

A) Miller v. Alabama
B) Roper v. Simmons
C) Thompson v. Oklahoma
D) Eddings v. Oklahoma

Question 44

In every state but ______, the custody rate for African American juvenile offenders exceeded the rate for Caucasian youth.

A) Iowa
B) West Virginia
C) Vermont
D) Idaho

Question 45

Collective design refers to prison construction design that complies with Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) requirements and that accommodates all inmate needs, in a universal fashion, regardless of how varied the needs may be from inmate to inmate.

Question 46

With regard to the inmate population, serious attention should be given to special needs offenders because they are likely to be very vulnerable to exploitation by other inmates.

Question 47

Greybosses are older inmates who have acquired respect within the offender subculture due to their track record, criminal history, and criminogenic ideals.

Question 48

The officer subculture must definitely be professionalized among those who routinely work with various types of special needs inmates.

Question 49

The primary goal of medication is to quickly identify emergency situations and inmates who might require more extensive intervention prior to placement in the prison population.

Question 50

The assessment should be assigned to a specific mental health staff member and consist of interviews, a review of prior records and clinical history, a physical examination, observation, and, when necessary, psychological testing.

Question 51

When an offender has two or more disorders, he or she is said within the treatment community to have co-occurring disorders.

Question 52

The general public consensus is that capital punishment is the best sentence of sex offenders.

Question 53

Most sex offenders are housed in mental health units.

Question 54

A therapeutic community is an environment that provides necessary behavior modifiers that allow offenders immediate feedback about their behavior and treatment progress.

Question 55

It is also important to note that any classification system for elderly inmates should include a protocol that distinguishes between inmates who entered the prison system before age 30 and those who reached that age while in prison.

Question 56

A habitual elderly offender is an inmate who has grown old in prison and has a long history in the system.

Question 57

The rise in numbers of habitual elderly offenders and offenders-turned-elderly-in-prison has to do largely with the advent of three-strikes felony sentencing in many states.

Question 58

Habitual elderly offenders have a long history of crime and also have a prior record of imprisonment throughout their lifetime.

Question 59

Elderly first-time offenders have long histories in the system and are the least likely to be disciplinary problems.

Question 60

The cost of incarcerating an inmate who is 60 years of age or older is around $100,000 a year.

Question 61

Less than 3 in 10 facilities around the nation have reported that onsite treatment services are provided to youth in their care.

Question 62

Provide several reasons to separate special needs inmates from the general population.

Question 63

What is a universal prison design? What are the benefits of this design?

Question 64

What are greyhounds? How do they fare in prison?

Question 65

Why are marginal levels of mental health issues a major problem in jails and prisons?

Question 66

Who usually conducts treatment for sexual offenders? What does the treatment entail?

Question 67

What measures should be taken to safeguard offenders with alternative sex identities and/or characteristics? How is this relevant to the reduction of HIV/AIDS in a prison facility?

Question 68

How are first-time offenders different from habitual elderly offenders and offenders-turned-elderly-in-prison?

Question 69

Why is housing elderly inmates a challenge?

Question 70

What special form of incarceration can occur for child and adolescent offenders who are incarcerated for violent crimes? What types of juveniles is this process typically reserved for?

Question 71

Discuss group therapy as it is used in sex offender treatment today. What major issues does this type of therapy target? What is the primary concerns regarding group therapy and how can this concern be addressed?