Deck 4: Jail and Detention Facilities

Question 1

The use and operation of jail facilities can be traced back to ______.

A) Spain
B) France
C) Russia
D) England

Answer 1

England

Question 2

Jails in England were referred to as ______ during the Middle Ages.

A) gaols
B) towers
C) dungeons
D) vaults

Answer 2

gaols

Question 3

Most jails are operated by ______.

A) county-level law enforcement
B) state-level law enforcement
C) Bureau of Prisons (BOP)
D) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

Answer 3

county-level law enforcement

Question 4

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), ______ are defined as "locally-operated correctional facilities that confine persons before or after adjudication. Inmates who are incarcerated have a sentence of a year or less, but the facility also incarcerates people in a wide variety of other categories."

A) prisons
B) jails
C) mental institutions
D) day reporting centers

Question 5

At midyear 2016, only ______ of jail bed space was occupied, which is a significant decline from 95% occupancy in 2007.

A) 45%
B) 90%
C) 80%
D) 15%

Question 6

The majority of infractions that entail contact with jails include misdemeanor crimes, ______ issues, domestic crimes, and public safety issues.

A) violent
B) gang-related
C) substance abuse
D) white-collar

Question 7

Jail facilities around the nation process roughly ______ the number of persons than is reflected in a count taken on any given day of the year.

A) 6 times
B) 8 times
C) 10 times
D) 14 times

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding urban jails?

A) They tend to book a smaller number of persons with mental disturbances than rural jails.
B) They tend to have mental health personnel and substance abuse specialists on staff and available 24 hr a day to diagnose and manage the array of problems that these offenders may present.
C) They tend to have capacities lower than 75% at any given point during the year.
D) all of these

Question 9

Why is it common for jails to house persons who cycle in and out of their confines?

A) They tend to rearrest people once they have been bailed out and return them to jail immediately.
B) They are usually the only facility around to take these individuals.
C) The majority of criminal activity is committed by a small group in a community.
D) There are large populations of homeless who constantly get into trouble.

Question 10

Why are the homeless particularly a problem for larger jurisdictions?

A) Many of them have substance abuse problems that need to be addressed when they are arrested.
B) They are well-known by the police because of frequent contact with them.
C) Communicable diseases may be more common among these individuals due to poor personal maintenance and risky lifestyle choices.
D) all of these

Question 11

During the 1980s, which new kind of jail came under construction in the United States?

A) podular direct-supervision
B) work release
C) weekend confinement
D) community

Question 12

What type of jails are devised so that programming provided to offenders does not end when those offenders are released back into the community?

A) short term
B) long term
C) work release
D) community

Question 13

What programs tend to be interlaced with probation and parole agencies as a means of integrating the supervisory functions of both the jail and the community supervision agencies?

A) jail reentry programs
B) jail relapse programs
C) community service programs
D) jail recidivism programs

Question 14

What is a complicated process that requires a team approach among many different agencies and personnel and requires that jail staff and administrators prioritize the needs that they target and the interventions that will be applied while also considering the network of community agencies that will provide these services?

A) community jails
B) reentry
C) podular direct-supervision
D) jail relapse

Question 15

______-term jails are facilities that hold sentenced inmates for no more than 1 year.

A) short
B) long
C) medium
D) extended

Question 16

What exist in almost all larger cities because they make the arrest and booking process more convenient and less complicated?

A) lockups
B) reentry programs
C) community jails
D) detoxification centers

Question 17

After an arrest, it is during the first ______ that inmates are most vulnerable to mental health issues, potential medical complication, and suicide.

A) 3-9 hr
B) 9-12 hr
C) 12-24 hr
D) 24-48 hr

Question 18

The most important area in short-term and long-term jail facilities is where intakes occur and is usually called the ______ area.

A) processing
B) booking
C) classifying
D) transfer

Question 19

What entry design allows security staff to bring vehicles close to the admissions area in a secure fashion?

A) booking area
B) sally port
C) detox center
D) lockup

Question 20

In the past few years, a rise in the number (and proportion) of which group of inmates who are housed in jails has occurred?

A) male
B) Asian
C) female
D) Hispanic

Question 21

What is designed to track inmate mug shots, medical screening information, inmate property items, and all events involving the inmate?

A) jail booking
B) jail commissary
C) jail medical
D) jail administrative reports

Question 22

What is designed to enable officers to keep an electronic duty log to report activities or information for other officers?

A) jail log
B) jail booking
C) jail management configuration
D) jail search

Question 23

What is designed for module checks of inmates in and out of a facility by scanning inmate identification tags and providing accurate historical tracking records?

A) inmate log
B) classification journal
C) mobile inmate tracking
D) mobile guard tracking

Question 24

What California state policy was designed to reduce the prison population, in part by placing new nonviolent, nonserious, nonsex offenders under county jurisdiction for incarceration in local jail facilities?

A) Save Our Prisons (SOP) Initiative
B) Public Safety Realignment (PSR)
C) Save Our State (SOS) initiative
D) Public Prison Alignment (PPA)

Question 25

In many states, sheriffs have begun to see the operation of which facilities as a potential money-making endeavor by using them as overflow facilities for a fee?

A) jails
B) day reporting centers
C) ICE detention centers
D) work release

Question 26

While ICE has more than 32,000 detention beds at any given time, the beds are spread out over as many as ______ different facilities largely designed for penal, not civil, detention.

A) 555
B) 350
C) 140
D) 24

Question 27

In late 2015, which commission, established by Congress in 1957, conducted an investigation into the actual types of response and conditions of confinement that existed within federal detention facilities holding immigrants?

A) Little Hoover Commission
B) Refugee Resettlement Commission
C) U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
D) U.S. Sentencing Commission

Question 28

During the past 2-3 years, there has been growing concern that the U.S. ______ agency has maintained facilities that are no different than prison facilities designed for common criminals.

A) Department of Defense (DOD)
B) Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
C) Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
D) Bureau of Prisons (BOP)

Question 29

______ are more likely to have medical problems than other inmates.

A) Male inmates
B) Young inmates
C) Security threat group inmates
D) Elderly inmates

Question 30

According to a 2002 study of jail inmates conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (Maruschak, 2006), for every medical problem documented, female inmates reported more prevalence than male offenders, except ______.

A) paralysis and tuberculosis
B) cancer and HIV/AIDS
C) heart disease and hepatitis
D) sexually transmitted diseases and diabetes

Question 31

In order to avoid the abuse of sick call and the likelihood of malingering, many facilities have instituted a modest inmate ______.

A) commissary system
B) sick call system
C) co-pay system
D) infirmary system

Question 32

What type of information does HIPAA guide professionals on regarding confidentiality?

A) education records
B) prison records
C) medical records
D) court records

Question 33

Communicable diseases found in jails include which of the following?

A) hepatitis B
B) tuberculosis
C) hepatitis A
D) all of these

Question 34

Data from the National Commission on Correctional Health Care (NCCHC, 2002) suggest that many jails are not adequately addressing all of the following communicable diseases except ______.

A) chlamydia
B) HIV/AIDS
C) syphilis
D) tuberculosis (TB)

Question 35

The Bureau of Prisons (BOP) established a training school for sheriffs and jailers in ______

A) 1948
B) 1957
C) 1994
D) 1919

Question 36

Turnover is very High, with many jails reporting a complete change in staff every ______.

A) year
B) few years
C) 10 years
D) 15 years

Question 37

In what type of staffing do programs provide comparable pay and benefits to those working in the jail and those working in routine law enforcement positions?

A) dual
B) specialized
C) coequal
D) compensatory

Question 38

Requirements of the ______ are used to guide agencies and training facilities in a number of states toward ensuring that jail officers have the requisite skills needed to perform their job assignment(s).

A) Jail Training Standards (JTS)
B) Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST)
C) Peace Officer Review (POR)
D) Jailer Official Review (JOR)

Question 39

In some respects, what can be likened to serving a sentence on an installment plan, whereby other aspects of life that keep the person functional in society are not impaired, yet, at the same time, the offender is required to pay for his or her crime through a series of small jail stints?

A) community jails
B) split sentences
C) shock incarceration
D) weekend confinement

Question 40

What results in the offender being sentenced to incarceration for 30, 60, or 90 days in most cases and, upon completion of this time served, being resentenced by a judge to probation supervision?

A) shock incarceration
B) weekend confinement
C) split sentences
D) work release

Question 41

Under what type of specialized sentence are offenders sentenced to a specified term of confinement that can include up to half their original sentence, after which they finish the remainder of their sentence on probation?

A) work release
B) split sentencing
C) weekend confinement
D) shock incarceration

Question 42

What is the difference between shock incarceration and split sentencing?

A) in split sentencing, a parole board does the sentencing to probation
B) in shock incarceration, a parole board does the resentencing for probation
C) in split sentencing, the sentencing is all done upfront with no need for later resentencing
D) in shock incarceration, the sentencing is all done upfront with no need for later resentencing

Question 43

According to the Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (2010), the largest increase in percentage of substance-involved inmates was in which population, with nearly 85% reporting substance abuse problems?

A) prison
B) probation
C) jail
D) parole

Question 44

The drugs of choice for jail inmate substance abusers vary and include by prevalence of use ______.

A) cocaine or crack, stimulants, marijuana, hallucinogens, and inhalants
B) marijuana, cocaine or crack, hallucinogens, stimulants, and inhalants
C) inhalants, stimulants, hallucinogens, cocaine or crack, and marijuana
D) hallucinogens, cocaine or crack, marijuana, inhalants, and stimulants

Question 45

What is concepted as drug craving accompanied by physical dependence that motivates continued usage, resulting in a tolerance to the drug's effects and a syndrome of identifiable physical and psychological symptoms when the drug is abruptly withdrawn?

A) detoxification
B) withdrawal
C) dependence
D) addiction

Question 46

What is designed for persons dependent on narcotic drugs (e.g., heroin, opium) and is typically found in inpatient settings with programs that last for 7-21 days?

A) detoxification
B) incarceration
C) retribution
D) confinement

Question 47

The main objective of chemical ______ is the elimination of physiological dependence through a medically supervised procedure?

A) detoxification
B) withdrawal
C) dependence
D) addiction

Question 48

Data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics indicate that roughly ______ of all jail inmates have a mental health problem.

A) 64%
B) 92%
C) 23%
D) 45%

Question 49

Jail inmates tend to have mental health problems with specific diagnoses that include all of the following except ______.

A) mania
B) psychotic disorders
C) major depression
D) economic issues

Question 50

When discussing jail suicide, it is important to understand that during any given year the total number of incidents fluctuates but is at or around ______ inmates.

A) 100
B) 300
C) 900
D) 450
E) 550

Question 51

What history were only 38.1% of inmates who committed suicide identified as having during the intake process?

A) substance abuse
B) domestic abuse
C) violent tendencies
D) mental illness

Question 52

Gaol was a term used in England during the Middle Ages that was synonymous with today's jail.

Question 53

Jails hold persons serving a short sentence of 1 year or less after the point of adjudication.

Question 54

Rural jails have more staff and the ability to provide more extensive training to them.

Question 55

While larger jail systems may have more staff and the ability to provide more extensive services than systems located in rural regions of the United States, it seems that these services are just enough to meet the demand.

Question 56

A community jail includes rounded architecture for living units and allows for direct supervision of inmates by staff.

Question 57

The most important area in both short-term and long-term facilities is the sally port.

Question 58

As crowding in state prisons became a longer-term problem, many jails began to hold sentenced inmates for anywhere from 10 to 15 years in duration.

Question 59

One of the largest health-care systems that exists within the United States can be found in work release programs.

Question 60

Older jail inmates have been found to be more likely than younger inmates to report ever having a chronic condition or infectious disease.

Question 61

Female inmates indicated a cancer rate that was nearly 8 times that of male inmates, with the most common form of cancer for women being cervical.

Question 62

The Affordable Healthcare Act guides professionals on matters regarding the confidentiality of medical information.

Question 63

Blood-borne and airborne pathogens are now a serious consideration within most jail facilities.

Question 64

The majority of correctional officers are female.

Question 65

Weekend confinement is used to lessen the negative impact of short-term incarceration and to allow those in custody to maintain their employment.

Question 66

Community service is a short period of incarceration followed by a specified term of community supervision.

Question 67

Unlike split sentencing, in shock incarceration, the sentencing is all done upfront with no need for later resentencing.

Question 68

Approximately 25.2% of jail inmates were found to have both a substance abuse disorder and a mental health disorder.

Question 69

Detoxification is designed for persons dependent on narcotic drugs (e.g., heroin, opium) and is typically found in inpatient settings with programs that last for 2-4 days.

Question 70

When considering the characteristics of jail suicide decedents, the overwhelming majority are male.

Question 71

African American males are more likely to commit suicide in jail than any other group.

Question 72

What are gaols and how were the used?

Question 73

What are some common problems with rural jails in America?

Question 74

Explain the podular jail components.

Question 75

Explain the three broad reasons attributed to the use of jails for long-term inmates.

Question 76

What is the Public Safety Realignment (PSR) policy in California? Why did the state institute the policy?

Question 77

How have communicable diseases affected jail operations during recent years?

Question 78

What is the true long-term answer to the turnover problem among employees of various jail agencies?

Question 79

Define shock incarceration. What is the purpose of shock incarceration?

Question 80

Define detoxification. What are the objectives of detoxification?