Question 1

An abstract:&#10;A) Should include only the results and author's conclusions&#10;B) May give a clinician an idea if the article is relevant to the clinical question&#10;C) Is a summary of a research article written by a peer reviewer&#10;D) Is usually more difficult to find than a full-text article

Accepted Answer

An abstract provides a concise summary of the entire research article, including its purpose, methodology, results, and conclusions, allowing readers, such as clinicians, to quickly determine its relevance to their clinical questions or interests.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true for appraising the evidence?&#10;A) The purpose of the study should match the clinical question exactly.&#10;B) The purpose should be clearly stated in the first sentence of the article.&#10;C) The subjects in the study should be similar to your patient.&#10;D) Articles in which the subjects are not randomly assigned to groups are not useful.

Accepted Answer

The subjects in the study should be similar to your patient to ensure that the evidence is applicable and relevant to the clinical situation you are addressing.

Question 3

Tests that are utilized to reach conclusions about a set of data are classified as:&#10;A) Descriptive statistics&#10;B) Specificity&#10;C) Sensitivity&#10;D) Inferential statistics

Accepted Answer

Inferential statistics are used to make predictions or inferences about a population based on a sample of data. They allow researchers to reach conclusions that extend beyond the immediate data alone.

Question 4

Tests that quantitatively report the main features of a body of information are classified as:&#10;A) Descriptive statistics&#10;B) Specificity&#10;C) Sensitivity&#10;D) Inferential statistics

Accepted Answer

Descriptive statistics quantitatively summarize or describe the main features of a collection of data.

Question 5

To determine whether the groups in a study were similar prior to the testing period, the clinician should review:&#10;A) Descriptive statistics&#10;B) Specificity&#10;C) Sensitivity&#10;D) Inferential statistics

Accepted Answer

Descriptive statistics provide summaries about the sample and the measures. Through measures of central tendency and variability, a clinician can understand the characteristics of the groups before the testing period, ensuring they are comparable.

Question 6

MCID stands for:&#10;A) Maximal clinical intervention difference&#10;B) Minimal conditionally important detection&#10;C) Maximal conditional intervention difference&#10;D) Minimal clinically important difference

Accepted Answer

MCID stands for Minimal Clinically Important Difference, which refers to the smallest change in a treatment outcome that a patient would identify as important.

Question 7

Which of the following is true of effect size?&#10;A) Method of qualifying the difference between two groups&#10;B) Small effect size is between 0.0 and 0.2&#10;C) Large effect size is greater than 0.8&#10;D) Can range from -1.0 to 1.0

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 8

An appropriate question to ask about a diagnostic study is:&#10;A) Did the study make a comparison to a reference standard?&#10;B) Did the study make a comparison to a prognostic test?&#10;C) Did the study make a comparison to an intervention?&#10;D) Did the study make a comparison to a treatment technique?

Accepted Answer

An appropriate question to ask about a diagnostic study is whether it made a comparison to a reference standard. This is because a reference standard (or "gold standard") is the best available method under reasonable conditions for diagnosing a particular condition, and comparing a new diagnostic test to this standard is crucial for assessing the new test's accuracy and reliability. Comparisons to prognostic tests, interventions, or treatment techniques are not directly relevant to evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of a test.

Question 9

The outcomes of statistical testing should be included in which section of a research study?&#10;A) Introduction&#10;B) Methods&#10;C) Results&#10;D) Discussion

Accepted Answer

The outcomes of statistical testing are included in the Results section of a research study. This section is specifically designed to present the findings of the study, including any statistical analyses that were performed.

Question 10

The true negative rate is another name for:&#10;A) Descriptive statistics&#10;B) Specificity&#10;C) Sensitivity&#10;D) Inferential statistics

Accepted Answer

The true negative rate is another name for specificity, which measures the proportion of actual negatives that are correctly identified as such (e.g., the percentage of healthy people who are correctly identified as not having the condition).

Question 11

The types of subjects and the inclusion/exclusion criteria should be included in which section of a research article?&#10;A) Introduction&#10;B) Methods&#10;C) Results&#10;D) Discussion

Accepted Answer

The answer of The types of subjects and the inclusion/exclusion...

Deck 12: Critically Appraising the Evidence