Deck 12: Metabolism Integration

Question 1

Which of the following metabolic pathways occurs exclusively in the cytosol?

A) citric acid cycle
B) ketogenesis
C) urea cycle
D) amino acid degradation
E) fatty acid synthesis

Answer 1

fatty acid synthesis

Question 2

______ is the degradation product of glucose, fatty acids, and ketogenic amino acids.

Answer 2

Acetyl-CoA

Question 3

After several days of fasting, the liver begins producing relatively large amounts of ketone bodies. Which type of tissue is highly dependent upon this as its sole source of energy in the absence of glucose?

A) heart
B) kidney
C) skeletal muscle
D) brain
E) all of the above

Answer 3

brain

Question 4

The _____ stores very little glycogen and therefore requires a steady supply of glucose from the blood.

Question 5

Following prolonged starvation, _____ are used as fuel by the brain.

Question 6

During starvation the _____ generate as much as 50% of the body's glucose supply.

Question 7

Which of the following metabolic pathways is carried out only in the liver?

A) glycogen storage
B) ketogenesis
C) fatty acid synthesis
D) triacylglycerol synthesis
E) pentose phosphate pathway

Question 8

Adipocytes convert glucose into fatty acids and _____.

A) glycerol
B) cholesterol
C) ketone bodies
D) lactate
E) ribose-5-phosphate

Question 9

The kidney has a small amount of gluconeogenic activity. Which of the following explains the source of carbon for gluconeogenesis?

A) conversion of aspartate into oxaloacetate
B) conversion of citrate into acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate
C) conversion of odd-chain fatty acids into succinyl-CoA
D) conversion of alanine into pyruvate
E) conversion of glutamine into glutamic acid, then to $\alpha$ -ketoglutarate

Question 10

In a variation of the Cori cycle, what amino acid is transported from the muscle to the liver?

A) glycine
B) glutamate
C) aspartate
D) alanine
E) glutamine

Question 11

During a long-term fast, which of the following is a major source of carbon for gluconeogenesis?

A) lactate
B) acetoacetate
C) 3-hydroxybutyrate
D) acetone
E) glycerol

Question 12

Pancreatic cells secrete _____ in response to ____ glucose levels in the liver.

A) insulin; low
B) insulin; elevated
C) glucagon; low
D) glucagon; elevated
E) somatostatin; elevated

Question 13

The endocrine glands secrete _____, which results in numerous cellular responses.

Question 14

What hormone that is produced in adipose tissue signals satiety?

A) adiponectin
B) cholecystokinin
C) leptin
D) ghrelin
E) amylin

Question 15

What hormone is commonly produced in typical body fat?

A) leptin
B) resistin
C) neuropeptide Y
D) ghrelin
E) cholecystokinin

Question 16

Where are the receptors for leptin and PYY_3-36 located?

A) hypothalamus
B) pancreas
C) liver
D) adipose tissue
E) intestine

Question 17

Mice lacking the peptide hormone _____ are obese because their appetite is not blunted.

Question 18

In a diabetic liver, which of the following pathways would be constantly active?

A) glycogen synthesis
B) gluconeogenesis
C) fatty acid synthesis
D) ketone body oxidation
E) glycolysis

Question 19

What metabolite is used in unusually high amounts by cancerous tumors?

A) lactate
B) glutamine
C) glucose
D) ketone bodies
E) very long chain fatty acids