Deck 29: Shaken to the Roots 1965-1980

Question 1

American involvement in Vietnam peaked in:

A) 1963.
B) 1965.
C) 1968.
D) 1973.

Answer 1

1968.

Question 2

President Johnson's advisers convinced him that:

A) it was unwise to form a political alliance with Martin Luther King, Jr.
B) he should not pursue significant social reforms.
C) the Air Force should not be used in Vietnam.
D) controlled military escalation could secure Vietnam.

Answer 2

controlled military escalation could secure Vietnam.

Question 3

The search-and-destroy strategy began to fail because:

A) the Chinese sent reinforcements to the aid of North Vietnam.
B) Congress would not expand use of the military draft.
C) South Vietnamese guerrillas were more of a force than North Vietnam's troops.
D) the United States was reluctant to back up infantry detachments with air strikes.

Answer 3

South Vietnamese guerrillas were more of a force than North Vietnam's troops.

Question 4

The majority of the draftees and enlistees for military service in Vietnam:

A) were college students.
B) came from the Lower South.
C) averaged about 25 years of age.
D) were from working-class families.

Question 5

Model Cities Programs:

A) rejected the philosophy of self-help.
B) were not supported by the New Left.
C) discouraged grass-roots activism.
D) encouraged community involvement in urban planning.

Question 6

Millions of young people in the second half of the 1960s expressed their alienation from American society by sampling drugs or chasing the rainbow of a youth culture; this is referred to as:

A) the "yuppie culture."
B) the counterculture.
C) consumerism.
D) the "drug culture."

Question 7

The growth of the "Woodstock Generation" in the 1960s revealed that:

A) many Americans were turning toward socialism.
B) there was no connection between social dissent and the counterculture.
C) hippies were usually from the poorest segments of American society.
D) a feeling of alienation existed within American society.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the more provocative albums of the 1960s?

A) High 61 Revisited
B) Rubber Soul
C) Surrealistic Pillow
D) Jailhouse Rock

Question 9

All of the following statements about the Haight-Ashbury district are true EXCEPT:

A) it became a center of the radical counterculture.
B) 1967's "Summer of Love" brought thousands of people to the district.
C) the community's radicals preached an anti-drug message.
D) it helped spur the growth of hippie districts on college campuses.

Question 10

This magazine gave the women's movement a national voice in 1972.

A) Ms.
B) Good Housekeeping
C) Cosmopolitan
D) Better Homes and Gardens

Question 11

Which of the following cities was one of the first to have a comparatively large openly gay subculture in the 1970s?

A) Washington, D.C.
B) San Francisco
C) St. Louis
D) Houston

Question 12

Events in the Watts section of Los Angeles in 1965 showed that:

A) the Democratic Party was calming the anger of poor Americans.
B) grass-roots democracy was succeeding by using non-violence.
C) there was growing power in non-violent civil disobedience.
D) racial unrest could result in violent riots.

Question 13

Which statement about riots in urban ghettos in the 1960s is true?

A) The riots were instigated by outside agitators.
B) The riots showed the frustrations of residents who had legitimate grievances.
C) Politicians such as Governor Ronald Reagan sympathized with the rioters.
D) The riots were confined to cities in the South.

Question 14

The phrase "Black Power" was connected to all of the following EXCEPT:

A) the emphasis of Christian love in civil-rights strategies.
B) celebrating African-American heritage.
C) controlling local black communities through political activism.
D) the messages of speeches given by Stokely Carmichael and Malcolm X.

Question 15

Malcolm X was assassinated by rivals within the Black Muslims after he:

A) began to consider limited acceptance of white culture.
B) advocated a bloody race war.
C) refused to run for president.
D) announced he would not make a pilgrimage to Mecca.

Question 16

Bobby Seale and Huey Newton began the Black Panthers in their home area of:

A) Oakland, CA.
B) Montgomery, AL.
C) Chicago.
D) Washington, D.C.

Question 17

All of the following statements about the Black Panthers are true EXCEPT:

A) they focused entirely on national rather than local goals.
B) they began free breakfast programs in northern ghettos.
C) stopping police brutality was one of their expressed goals.
D) their goals were expressed in the creation of a political program.

Question 18

Reies López Tijerina led a movement that:

A) condemned anti-union businesses in Texas.
B) demanded the return of land to Hispanics in New Mexico.
C) rejected local organization and grass-roots democracy.
D) resulted in his nomination for president.

Question 19

All of the following statements are true about the American Indian Movement EXCEPT:

A) the organization attempted to protect Indians from police brutality.
B) the organization refused to ally itself with other Indian groups.
C) it was part of the group that took over Wounded Knee, South Dakota, in 1973.
D) it aimed to increase economic opportunities for Native Americans.

Question 20

The 1962 Baker v. Carr decision required that legislative seats be apportioned:

A) on a population basis.
B) as state legislatures saw fit.
C) by geographic area.
D) in such a way as to increase racial diversity in legislatures.

Question 21

The impact of the Tet Offensive was magnified by all of the following facts EXCEPT:

A) television coverage that appeared to show a Viet Cong victory.
B) U.S. officials had predicted that American armies were near victory.
C) the permanent loss of Saigon due to the Viet Cong's surprise offensive.
D) the U.S. embassy in Saigon was momentarily taken over by guerrillas.

Question 22

In the wake of the Tet crisis:

A) American officials censored all television coverage of the war.
B) the Republican Party overwhelmingly opposed the war.
C) President Johnson decided to withdraw all American troops from Vietnam.
D) advisers told Lyndon Johnson that the war was not winnable in traditional American terms.

Question 23

President Johnson decided not to run for reelection because:

A) he had become overwhelmed by the war and challenges within his party.
B) his health made it impossible for him to run.
C) he had been barely elected in the election of 1964.
D) he believed that Eugene McCarthy was a better spokesman for domestic reform.

Question 24

In 1968, the Soviet Union militarily suppressed moves toward democracy and liberalization in:

A) Hungary.
B) Poland.
C) East Germany.
D) Czechoslovakia.

Question 25

"Red Spring," which included student uprisings and grassroots rebellions in Europe, occurred in:

A) 1965.
B) 1968.
C) 1970.
D) 1973.

Question 26

Which two men were assassinated within months of each other in 1968?

A) Malcolm X and Robert Kennedy
B) Martin Luther King, Jr. and John Kennedy
C) John Kennedy and Malcolm X
D) Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr.

Question 27

Hubert Humphrey's narrow defeat in 1968 was due, in part, to:

A) his conservative views on race.
B) Richard Nixon's promise to escalate the war in Vietnam.
C) the violence that had occurred at the Democratic convention in Chicago.
D) the antiwar movement's support for Richard Nixon's candidacy.

Question 28

Which of the following was NOT one of Richard Nixon's accomplishments as president?

A) speedy end to the Vietnam War
B) environmental legislation
C) reduced tensions with China and the Soviet Union
D) increased civil rights enforcement

Question 29

After Richard Nixon's election, it became apparent that:

A) relations with the Soviet Union would worsen.
B) antiwar protests would immediately decline.
C) he did not have a secret plan to end the war.
D) Vice President Agnew would not support Nixon's war policies.

Question 30

The development of the Weather Underground was indicative of:

A) dissension within the Republican Party.
B) a split within the New Left's strategy of civil disobedience.
C) a new literary movement among American novelists.
D) a renewed commitment to non-violence.

Question 31

Four students were killed by the National Guard at Kent State University during a protest of:

A) Richard Nixon's reelection.
B) Lyndon Johnson's decision to bomb North Vietnam.
C) the Gulf of Tonkin resolution.
D) American bombing of Cambodia.

Question 32

Security adviser Henry Kissinger arranged Richard Nixon's surprising diplomatic trip to:

A) North Vietnam.
B) North Korea.
C) England.
D) China.

Question 33

The term détente has been used to describe President Nixon's:

A) threat to use nuclear weapons in the Vietnam War.
B) foreign policy to ease tensions between the United States and China and the Soviet Union.
C) campaign of illegal wiretapping of alleged "enemies" of his administration.
D) psychological state in the last years of his presidency.

Question 34

President Nixon's domestic policies included:

A) extending Lyndon Johnson's extensive aid to troubled cities.
B) rejecting price and wage freezes in dealing with a struggling economy.
C) funneling more money to suburbs through "no-strings" grants.
D) cordial public relations with New Left reformers.

Question 35

Economic problems during the early 1970s included all of the following EXCEPT:

A) rising energy costs.
B) high inflation.
C) 25 percent unemployment.
D) increased gas prices.

Question 36

Stagflation included all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) low economic growth.
B) high unemployment.
C) high inflation.
D) substantial declines in wages.

Question 37

Successes of the environmental movement included all of the following EXCEPT:

A) paving the way to achieve Superfund cleanup legislation for areas ravaged by pollution.
B) convincing big industry to cut back its dependence on nuclear energy.
C) the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency to enforce environmental laws.
D) informing people about the poor environmental conditions in low-income areas.

Question 38

The foundation of the Watergate crisis was centered on:

A) Richard Nixon's near defeat in the election of 1972.
B) Richard Nixon's overestimation of his opponent's political strengths.
C) the military's growing success in the Vietnam War.
D) the inability of Congress to pass any legislation.

Question 39

Troubling aspects of the Watergate scandal included all of the following EXCEPT:

A) the revelation that the White House had compiled an "enemies list" of dissenters.
B) lies told by the Nixon administration regarding their involvement.
C) John Dean's refusal to tell the truth at Senate hearings.
D) funds accepted from honest Americans were being used to finance illegal activities.

Question 40

The plumbers were:

A) a violent wing of the Students for a Democratic Society.
B) members of the Nixon administration who engaged in illegal activities.
C) a political-action group that lobbied for environmental reform.
D) a group of working-class hippies.

Question 41

The Pentagon Papers detailed American military involvement in:

A) the support of various right-wing dictators in Latin America.
B) Vietnam.
C) Korea.
D) the Dominican Republic in 1965.

Question 42

Tapes of White House meetings revealed that President Nixon:

A) was actually opposed to the Vietnam War.
B) did not want to run for reelection.
C) had lied about his innocence in the Watergate coverup.
D) had no knowledge of the "enemies list."

Question 43

The Watergate crisis revealed all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Richard Nixon was driven by an overwhelming urge for power.
B) many members of the administration had broken the law.
C) special prosecutors can function independently of the White House.
D) the separation of powers could no longer rein in a power-hungry president.

Question 44

In the 1976 presidential election, Gerald Ford won the entire:

A) South.
B) Northeast.
C) Midwest.
D) West.

Question 45

Jimmy Carter won the election of 1976 because he:

A) was viewed as an alternative to Washington insiders.
B) appealed to conservative Republicans.
C) had been a leader in the antiwar movement.
D) did not attempt to reassemble LBJ's political coalition.

Question 46

Jimmy Carter's presidency was troubled by all of the following EXCEPT:

A) the taking of American hostages in Iran.
B) high inflation rates.
C) labor's mistrust of a Southerner.
D) a lack of idealism and vision.

Question 47

Jimmy Carter achieved all the following aspects of his energy policy, EXCEPT:

A) increased use of wind power.
B) tax breaks for solar power.
C) creation of a Department of Energy.
D) a tax increase on oil and natural gas.

Question 48

All of the following policies were advocated by President Carter EXCEPT:

A) new proposals to solve the energy crisis and change the nation's energy habits.
B) cuts in federal spending.
C) stepping up defense spending.
D) promoting economics over human rights in foreign affairs.

Question 49

In the Camp David Agreement, President Carter presided over:

A) an international forum on energy consumption.
B) talks that led to the United States and U.S.S.R. cutting defense spending.
C) a treaty that normalized relations between Egypt and Israel.
D) a meeting that addressed the nation's continuing inflation problems.

Question 50

The roots of the Iranian hostage crisis resided in:

A) Jimmy Carter's emphasis on human rights.
B) the Shah of Iran's despotic regime.
C) economic inflation in the United States.
D) America's isolationist stance in foreign affairs.

Question 51

Similarities between the Vietnam War and the Iranian Hostage Crisis included:

A) both conflicts were ignited by Communist insurgents.
B) both conflicts were not closely followed by the American public.
C) both conflicts resulted from American support for democratic regimes.
D) both conflicts destroyed the credibility of the presidents involved.

Question 52

Former president ______________ won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002.

A) Richard Nixon
B) Gerald Ford
C) Jimmy Carter
D) George Herbert Walker Bush

Question 53

All of the following happened in 1968 EXCEPT:

A) the assassination of Robert Kennedy.
B) the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.
C) violence in Chicago at the Democratic Convention.
D) the release of the Pentagon Papers.

Question 54

Which event happened last?

A) American hostages taken in Iran
B) Four students killed at Kent State
C) Richard Nixon resigns
D) the Tet Offensive

Question 55

What is the correct order of events?

A) Tet Offensive, Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, LBJ drops out of presidential race
B) LBJ drops out of presidential race, Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, Tet Offensive
C) Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, Tet Offensive, LBJ drops out of presidential race
D) Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, LBJ drops out of presidential race, Tet Offensive

Question 56

Which event happened in the 1960s?

A) Richard Nixon resigns
B) Neil Armstrong walks on the Moon
C) Jimmy Carter defeats Gerald Ford
D) Three Mile Island nuclear leak occurs

Question 57

Which event happened first?

A) Nixon visits China
B) riot in Watts area of Los Angeles
C) SALT I signed
D) Arab states impose oil embargo

Question 58

Which of the following events happened in 1970?

A) Senate Watergate hearings begin
B) United States invades Cambodia
C) Malcolm X assassinated
D) Spiro Agnew resigns as vice president

Question 59

Explain the reasons why the search-and-destroy strategy failed in the Vietnam War.

Question 60

What aspects of the military draft fragmented the American public along class lines?

Question 61

What major successes were achieved in the American space program in the period 1957-1988?

Question 62

What aspects of the 1960s and 1970s revealed the existence of a "generation gap"?

Question 63

What environmental reforms were passed during the Nixon presidency?

Question 64

What causes and events illustrate that 1968 was the most violent year, on the domestic political front, in American
history?

Question 65

Discuss the roots and development of "participatory democracy" in the 1960s. What influence would grass-
roots democracy have on later American history?

Question 66

What political errors were made regarding American involvement in the Vietnam War? What circumstances led
policymakers to eventually believe that the war could not be won?

Question 67

Analyze the dynamics of the election of 1968. What events, strategies, and factors resulted in Richard Nixon's
narrow triumph over Hubert Humphrey?

Question 68

Discuss the connections between the antiwar movement, hippies, the counterculture, and the Black Power
movement. What were the successes and failures of the New Left?

Question 69

How did the backgrounds and individual personalities of Presidents Johnson, Nixon, and Carter shape their
successes and failures as national leaders?