Deck 42: Global Threats

Question 1

Infections that are caused by microbes whose occurrence in humans have increased within the past two decades or threaten to increase in the near future are described as

A) reemerging infections.
B) emerging infections.
C) opportunistic infections.
D) nosocomial infections.

Answer 1

emerging infections.

Question 2

The reappearance of a known infection after a significant decrease in occurrence is known as

A) reemerging infections.
B) emerging infections.
C) opportunistic infections.
D) nosocomial infections.

Answer 2

reemerging infections.

Question 3

Factors that contribute to the reemergence of an infectious disease include
1) changing climate conditions.
2) upsetting the ecosystem.
3) people and products settling in one place.

A) 1 and 2
B) 2 and 3
C) 1 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3

Answer 3

1 and 2

Question 4

Haiti was devastated by a massive earthquake that measured 8.2 out of 10 on the Richter scale. You issue an alert for healthcare workers to watch for emerging infections because of
1) destruction of public infrastructure.
2) ecosystem disturbance.
3) movement of people

A) 1 and 2
B) 2 and 3
C) 1 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 5

Diphtheria had been controlled for over 30 years in the Soviet Union. After the Soviet Union was disbanded, cases of diphtheria increased to epidemic proportions in the New Independent States of the Former Soviet Union. This is an example of a/an

A) focal infection.
B) opportunistic infection.
C) emerging infection.
D) reemerging infection.

Question 6

Which of the following bacteria are associated with emerging infections?
1) Ehrlichia chaffeensis
2) Escherichia coli O157:H7
3) Staphylococcus aureus

A) 1 and 2
B) 2 and 3
C) 1 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 7

Which of the following parasites are associated with emerging infections?
1) Ehrlichia chaffeensis
2) Encephalitozoon hellem
3) Encephalitozoon cuniculi

A) 1 and 2
B) 2 and 3
C) 1 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 8

Select the virus that is not associated with emerging infections.

A) Sin Nombre virus
B) Ebola virus
C) Rotavirus
D) Hepatitis B

Question 9

Select the bacteria that is associated with reemerging infections.

A) Group C Streptococcus
B) E. coli
C) Yersinia pestis
D) Corynebacterium xerosis

Question 10

Select the parasite that is not associated with reemerging infections.

A) Entamoeba histolytica
B) Giardia lamblia
C) Echinococcus granulosus
D) Plasmodium species

Question 11

Select the virus that is associated with reemerging infections.

A) Rhinovirus
B) Rabies
C) Human Immunodeficiency Virus
D) Varicella zoster

Question 12

An individual presents with severe diarrhea and dehydration after returning from Latin America. The patient frequently purchased and ate seafood from the local street vendors. You would suspect

A) Aeromonas hydrophila.
B) Shigella sonnei.
C) Edwardsiella tarda.
D) Vibrio cholerae.

Question 13

The owner of a petting zoo contacts your microbiology laboratory for advice in preventing the transmission of a microbe that can cause hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. You recall that this organism produces a verotoxin that causes severe abdominal cramps and bloody diarrhea. What control measure(s) would you recommend?

A) Sell only unpasteurized apple juice
B) Encourage thumb sucking on one hand only
C) Have hand washing stations available at the exit
D) Prohibit all contact with any animals

Question 14

Complications of typhoid fever include

A) hepatitis.
B) shock.
C) pharyngitis.
D) all of the above.

Question 15

A hematology technician asks you to look at four patients' Wright stained blood smears and confirm the presence of gram-negative rods. You note the gram-negative rods have a "safety pin" appearance. What could this smear result mean? What antibiotic, if any, should be used for prophylactic therapy?

A) Transient bacteremia; no antibiotics required
B) Contaminated slides; no antibiotics required
C) Possible bioterror attack; doxycycline recommended
D) Shigella outbreak; vancomycin recommended

Question 16

A person is brought to the emergency room in shock and bleeding out of multiple body openings. Signs and symptoms of multiple organ failure are present. The patient had recently returned from an adventure vacation to Zaire. You suspect

A) cholera.
B) E. coli O157:H7.
C) monkeypox.
D) ebola.

Question 17

The owner of an exotic pet store visited his physician complaining of headaches, fever, and body aches. The physician noticed a rash with pocks and swollen lymph nodes. The potential pathogen is

A) monkeypox.
B) chickenpox.
C) Salmonella species.
D) Edwardsiella tarda.

Question 18

The CBC and blood chemistry results are available on a patient suspected of having a Hantavirus infection. You expect to see the following typical laboratory values:
1) Platelet count less than 150,000/UL
2) Increase WBC with left shift
3) Normal CPK and creatinine

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 19

The best way for an immunodeficient individual to prevent acquiring Cryptosporidium parvum is to
1) heat water to 40°C for 1 minute.
2) filter water prior to usage.
3) wash vegetables and fruit before eating.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 20

Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis includes those isolates resistant to

A) para-aminosalicyclic acid and isoniazid.
B) isoniazid and rifampin.
C) aminoglycosides and rifampin.
D) thioamides and cycloserine.

Question 21

All of the following organisms are associated with multi-drug resistant infections except

A) Staphylococcus aureus.
B) Plasmodium species.
C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
D) Streptococcus pyogenes.

Question 22

Key characteristics of bioterrorism agents include all of the following except

A) they require sophisticated delivery methods.
B) they are able to affect a large geographical area.
C) they are easy to manufacture.
D) they cause illness that may initially go unrecognized.