Question 1

When a microbiologist reads a slide with Gram-stained bacteria, he or she can thank&#10;A) Antoni Leeuwenhoek.&#10;B) Hans Christian Gram.&#10;C) Louis Pasteur.&#10;D) both a and b.&#10;E) both b and c.

Accepted Answer

Hans Christian Gram developed the Gram staining technique in 1884, which is still used today to differentiate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Antoni Leeuwenhoek was the first person to observe and describe bacteria in 1676, but he did not develop the Gram staining technique. Louis Pasteur was a French scientist who made important contributions to microbiology, but he did not develop the Gram staining technique.

Question 2

Pasteur's work included&#10;A) heating liquids to destroy bacteria.&#10;B) developing solid medium for the growth of bacteria.&#10;C) creating stains to visualize bacteria.&#10;D) performing the first vaccination.

Accepted Answer

Pasteur's work included pasteurization, which involves heating liquids to destroy bacteria.

Question 3

What organism helped Fleming in his discovery of penicillin?&#10;A) Streptococcus pyogenes&#10;B) Staphylococcus spp.&#10;C) Bacillus anthracis&#10;D) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Accepted Answer

Staphylococcus spp. were the bacteria that Alexander Fleming noticed were being killed by the penicillin-producing mold, Penicillium notatum, leading to his discovery of penicillin.

Question 4

When a child receives the attenuated measles vaccine, what historical science figure(s) contributed to its success?&#10;A) Jenner&#10;B) Pasteur&#10;C) Ehrlich&#10;D) Both a and b&#10;E) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Edward Jenner is known for developing the first successful smallpox vaccine using the concept of vaccination, and Louis Pasteur contributed to the development of vaccines through his work on germ theory and creating the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax. Both their contributions laid the foundational principles for the development of vaccines, including the attenuated measles vaccine.

Question 5

Which of the following organisms does not meet Koch's postulates?&#10;A) Yersinia pestis&#10;B) Bacillus anthracis&#10;C) Mycobacterium leprae&#10;D) Vibrio cholerae

Accepted Answer

Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, does not meet Koch's postulates because it cannot be cultured in artificial media, a requirement for fulfilling the postulates.

Question 6

Which of the following recent advancements has dramatically challenged Koch's postulates?&#10;A) The electron microscope&#10;B) Serological assays&#10;C) Molecular diagnostics&#10;D) Improved culture techniques

Accepted Answer

Molecular diagnostics have dramatically challenged Koch's postulates by enabling the detection and characterization of pathogens that cannot be cultured or do not cause disease in every host, thus providing insights into microbial causation beyond the constraints of Koch's original criteria.

Question 7

One of Koch's contributions to microbiology can still be seen today in the&#10;A) microscope.&#10;B) use of vaccines.&#10;C) antibiotic penicillin.&#10;D) use of agar for cultures.

Accepted Answer

Koch's contributions to microbiology include the use of agar as a medium for culturing microorganisms. Agar provides a stable and nutrient-rich environment for the growth of bacteria, which is essential for their study and identification. This method is still widely used in microbiology labs today.

Question 8

Walter Reed probably made use of ___________________ in his study of yellow fever.&#10;A) the spontaneous generation theory&#10;B) the germ theory of fermentation&#10;C) the germ theory of disease&#10;D) Koch's postulates

Accepted Answer

Walter Reed's study of yellow fever heavily relied on the germ theory of disease, which posits that microorganisms are the cause of many diseases. This theory was crucial in identifying the mode of transmission and the causative agent of yellow fever, leading to effective control measures.

Question 9

Select the historical science figure and the field of contribution combination that is&#10;A) Jenner - immunology&#10;B) Ehrlich - chemotherapy&#10;C) Semmelweis - infection control&#10;D) Mullis - virology

Accepted Answer

The answer of Select the historical science figure and the...

Question 10

Lister contributed to modern day infection control by&#10;A) promoting hand washing between patients.&#10;B) using carbolic acid for sterilization.&#10;C) using nets to prevent mosquito bites.&#10;D) his discovery of penicillin.

Accepted Answer

Lister is known for introducing the use of carbolic acid (phenol) as an antiseptic, which greatly reduced the incidence of post-surgical infections. His methods transformed surgical practice in the late 19th century, leading to improved patient outcomes.

Question 11

Pasteur's work on the germ theory of fermentation led to the development of the&#10;Technique known as&#10;A) pasteurization.&#10;B) crystallographics.&#10;C) sterilization.&#10;D) antisepsis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pasteur's work on the germ theory of...

Question 12

Pasteur's germ theory of disease formed the basis for&#10;A) vaccination.&#10;B) chemotherapy.&#10;C) asepsis and sterilization.&#10;D) molecular biology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pasteur's germ theory of disease formed the...

Question 13

The germ theory of disease states that&#10;A) a specific infectious disease is caused by a specific type of microorganism.&#10;B) a specific microbe produces a specific change in the substance on which it grows.&#10;C) the same organism must be found in all cases of a given disease.&#10;D) organisms from pure culture must reproduce the disease in a susceptible animal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The germ theory of disease states that&#10;A)...

Question 14

The scientist who improved the stain used for observing the tubercle bacilli by using their acid-fast property is&#10;A) Fleming.&#10;B) Jenner.&#10;C) Ehrlich.&#10;D) Koch.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The scientist who improved the stain used...

Deck 1: Development of Diagnostic Microbiology