Question 1

The study of how an individual's genes allows him or her to respond to an antibiotic is called&#10;A) toxicogenomics.&#10;B) pharmacogenomics.&#10;C) metabolomics.&#10;D) bioinformatics.

Accepted Answer

Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs, including antibiotics. This field combines pharmacology (the science of drugs) and genomics (the study of genes and their functions) to develop effective, safe medications and doses that will be tailored to a person's genetic makeup.

Question 2

The study of the effects of disease on tissues and fluids at the cellular level is known as&#10;A) bioinformatics.&#10;B) pharmacogenomics&#10;C) toxicogenomics.&#10;D) metabolonomics.

Accepted Answer

Metabolonomics is the study of chemical processes involving metabolites, which can include the effects of disease on tissues and fluids at the cellular level.

Question 3

DNA or RNA microassays have the ability to perform all of the following functions except&#10;A) tracking thousands of gene sequences at once.&#10;B) determining the precise cause of infection or disease.&#10;C) resequencing genes to prevent disease.&#10;D) enabling the physician to provide early, individualized therapy.

Accepted Answer

DNA or RNA microarrays can track thousands of gene sequences, help in determining the cause of infections or diseases, and enable personalized therapy. However, they do not resequence genes but rather analyze the expression of genes. Resequencing is a different process that involves determining the precise order of the nucleotides in a DNA molecule.

Question 4

Gene biochips perform by&#10;A) attaching gene sequences of about 30 oligonucleotides on the surface.&#10;B) attaching a probe to the oligonucleotide for detection once hybridized.&#10;C) both a and b.&#10;D) neither a nor b.

Accepted Answer

Gene biochips function by attaching gene sequences of about 30 oligonucleotides on the surface and also attaching a probe to the oligonucleotide for detection once hybridized, making both statements correct.

Question 5

A major advantage of the use a DNA vaccine rather than a conventional vaccine is&#10;A) its ease of delivery.&#10;B) that it is safer than use of a live vaccine.&#10;C) that it does not rely on the host's immune system to function.&#10;D) its low cost.

Accepted Answer

DNA vaccines are considered safer than live vaccines because they do not involve the introduction of live pathogens into the body, reducing the risk of infection or reversion to a virulent form.

Question 6

The vast amount of information generated by the field of genomics is able to diagnose, predict, pretreat, and prevent disease. Which of the following may be a drawback for the field?&#10;A) High cost&#10;B) Requirement for specialized equipment and personnel&#10;C) Discrimination by employers and insurance companies based on an individual's results&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The field of genomics, while offering significant advancements in healthcare, faces several drawbacks. High costs associated with genomic testing and analysis can limit access to these technologies. Specialized equipment and trained personnel are necessary to accurately conduct and interpret genomic studies, which can be a barrier for many institutions. Additionally, there is a risk of discrimination by employers and insurance companies based on an individual's genomic information, which raises ethical and privacy concerns.

Question 7

The vast amount of information generated by the field of genomics has created a new field of study known as&#10;A) genetic epidemiology.&#10;B) metabolomics.&#10;C) bioinformatics.&#10;D) molecular epidemiology.

Accepted Answer

Bioinformatics is the field of study that has emerged to handle and analyze the vast amounts of data generated by genomics and other areas of biology. It combines biology, computer science, and information technology to process and analyze biological data.

Question 8

The use of genomic information to prevent and control disease in a population is known as&#10;A) molecular epidemiology.&#10;B) genetic epidemiology.&#10;C) bioinformatics.&#10;D) genomics.

Accepted Answer

Genetic epidemiology focuses on the role of genetic factors in determining health and disease in families and in populations, and the interplay of such genetic factors with environmental factors. It uses genomic information to understand the patterns and control of diseases in groups of people.

Deck 12: Emerging Technologies