Deck 3: Classification of Mechanical Ventilators

Question 1

The type of drive mechanism determines the characteristic flow and pressure patterns each ventilator produces.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A negative pressure ventilator applies pressure inside the chest to expand it.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Flow triggering has been shown to be more sensitive and responsive to a patient's efforts than pressure triggering.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

During dual control within breath modes, the ventilator switches from pressure-controlled to flow-controlled.

Question 5

Output waveforms are typically presented in the order of pressure, volume, and flow.

Question 6

____ is a unit of volume divided by a unit of time.

A) Flow
B) Compliance
C) Resistance
D) Pressure

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of an electrically powered ventilator?

A) Bird Mark 7
B) Percussionaire IPV
C) CareFusion LTV 1150
D) Monaghan 225/SIMV

Question 8

The ____ is the system that governs or controls the ventilator drive mechanism or output control valve.

A) solenoid valve
B) control circuit
C) compressor
D) piston

Question 9

Which of the following types of control circuits may also be referred to as servo controlled?

A) open loop
B) closed loop
C) mechanical
D) electronic

Question 10

____ are ventilators that measure and control inspiratory and expiratory time.

A) Flow controllers
B) Volume controllers
C) Pressure controllers
D) Time controllers

Question 11

A ____ breath is initiated and delivered by the ventilator when it senses the patient's spontaneous inspiratory effort.

A) time-triggered
B) pressure-triggered
C) volume-triggered
D) flow-triggered

Question 12

The variable that is controlled during the expiratory phase or expiratory time is termed the ____.

A) limit variable
B) baseline variable
C) cycle variable
D) conditional variable

Question 13

____ is a time-triggered, pressure-limited and time cycled mode that allows for spontaneous breathing.

A) Intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV)
B) Automode
C) Proportional assist ventilation (PAV)
D) Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV)

Question 14

Which of the following waveforms are characteristically produced by ventilators having a rotary-driven piston drive mechanism?

A) rectangular
B) exponential
C) sinusoidal
D) oscillating

Question 15

Which of the following flow waveforms is produced when volume is the control variable and the output is an ascending ramp?

A) rectangular
B) ascending ramp
C) descending ramp
D) sinusoidal

Question 16

Flow alarms are limited to ____.

A) exhaled minute volume
B) gas temperature
C) oxygen concentration
D) total ventilatory frequency

Question 17

____ alarms alert the clinician to changes in oxygen concentration or gas temperature.

A) Expiratory gas
B) Volume
C) Inspiratory gas
D) Time

Question 18

____ is defined as a change in volume divided by a change in pressure.

A) Flow
B) Compliance
C) Resistance
D) Pressure

Question 19

A resistance load is proportional to ____.

A) volume
B) compliance
C) volume and airway resistance
D) airway resistance and inspiratory flow

Question 20

_______________ proposed a new way to classify mechanical ventilators based on related features, physics, and engineering.

Question 21

Current generation ventilators use programmed algorithms in the microprocessors to open and close the _______________ to mimic virtually any flow or pressure wave pattern.

Question 22

_______________ is defined as the time interval between the start of inspiratory flow and the beginning of expiratory flow.

Question 23

Automatic tube compensation is active both during inspiration and expiration, and may reduce air trapping and _______________.

Question 24

_______________ alert the clinician to settings or parameters that are not within acceptable ranges or specifications, or they warn the clinician that the ventilator has failed some part of a self-diagnostic test.

Question 25

Describe inspiration and expiration.

Question 26

Explain the advantage of both pressure-controlled ventilation and volume-controlled ventilation.

Question 27

Discuss how careful observation and assessment of waveforms during mechanical ventilation can provide useful information for the clinician.

Question 28

Discuss Robert Chatburn's ventilator classification system.

Question 29

Describe the four types of flow waveforms.