Deck 13: Pharmacotherapy for Mechanical Ventilation

Question 1

The smooth muscles of the airway are under autonomic nervous control.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Smoking decreases the level of hepatic enzyme and theophylline clearance.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Studies have shown that an MDI with spacer is a more efficient method for delivering inhaled medications to the lungs than the right-angle MDI port.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The Ramsay Scale is suitable for paralyzed patients.

Question 5

When opioid analgesics are used in combination with propofol, additive hypotension may occur.

Question 6

Which of the following is primarily used to reduce air flow resistance?

A) neuromuscular blockers
B) bronchodilators
C) opioids
D) sedatives

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter is released at the terminal axon of the parasympathetic fiber and elicits a cholinergic response?

A) dopamine
B) epinephrine
C) serotonin
D) acetylcholine

Question 8

In the lungs, ____ receptors are found in the smaller airways, alveolar walls, and submucosal glands.

A) beta 1
B) beta 2
C) alpha 1
D) alpha 2

Question 9

The general functions of corticosteroids include (1) ____, (2) immunosuppression, and (3) reduced inflammation.

A) fatty acid metabolism
B) bronchodilation
C) protein metabolism
D) carbohydrate metabolism

Question 10

When the nerve terminal is stimulated by nerve impulses, ____ is released into the synaptic cleft.

A) acetylcholine
B) calcium
C) succinylcholine
D) PCHE

Question 11

Which of the following is a depolarizing agent metabolized by plasma cholinesterase?

A) atracurium
B) vecuronium bromide
C) succinylcholine
D) pancuronium bromide

Question 12

____ decreases the release of ACh as well as the membrane's sensitivity, thus inhibiting muscle contraction.

A) Calcium
B) Sodium
C) Magnesium
D) Potassium

Question 13

____ is the most immediate and life-threatening adverse effect associated with both depolarizing and nondepolarizing agents.

A) Histamine release
B) Malignant hyperthermia
C) Circulatory collapse
D) Apnea

Question 14

Which of the following are given to patients to reduce anxiety, provide amnesia, and improve tolerance of mechanical ventilation?

A) barbiturates
B) benzodiazepines
C) neuromuscular blockers
D) opioid analgesics

Question 15

____ is the most lipophilic benzodiazepine.

A) Diazepam
B) Lorazepam
C) Chlordiazepoxide
D) Midazolam

Question 16

Special care must be exercised with the use of ____ in a patient being treated for severe pain. It may reverse an untoward adverse effect such as respiratory depression while causing the return of severe pain.

A) pentazocine
B) meperidine
C) butorphanol
D) naloxone

Question 17

Which of the following barbiturates has a long-acting duration of action and a duration of hypnotic effect of four to twelve hours?

A) Phenobarbital
B) Amobarbital
C) Pentobarbital
D) Thiopental

Question 18

An agent used in mechanical ventilation for sedation and maintenance of anesthesia is ____.

A) propofol
B) haloperidol
C) dexmedetomidine
D) nitric oxide

Question 19

____ levels of higher than 10 ppm can cause cell damage, hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, and death.

A) NO
B) NO₂
C) HNO₃
D) HNO₂

Question 20

____ is an á₂ adrenoreceptor agonist with a unique combination of physiologic actions.

A) Propofol
B) Haloperidol
C) Dexmedetomidine
D) Nitric oxide

Question 21

The adverse effects of _______________ bronchodilators include tachycardia, palpitations, skeletal muscle tremors, and nervousness.

Question 22

_______________ is a stimulant found in tea leaves and is chemically related to other stimulants found in coffee and colas.

Question 23

Low calcium and high _______________ levels can enhance the effects of nondepolarizing agents.

Question 24

_______________ do not relieve pain and may paradoxically heighten pain intensity

Question 25

_______________ may be effective in situations where control of delirium in mechanically ventilated patient is desirable.

Question 26

What are the adverse effects of anticholinergic bronchodilators?

Question 27

What are the benefits of paralysis during controlled ventilation?

Question 28

What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

Question 29

What is malignant hyperthermia?