Deck 10: Hemodynamic Monitoring

Question 1

MAP is the difference between arterial systolic and diastolic pressures.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The pulmonary artery catheter has a number of variations but typically it is 110 cm in length with three lumens.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

When mixed venous oxygen saturation drops to a range of 30% to 50%, cellular death is ensured.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Transesophageal echocardiography can be used to calculate stroke volume from measurement of blood flow velocity by recording the Doppler shift of ultrasound.

Question 5

Since ICG is less variable and more reproducible than other invasive methods, it has shown sufficient clinical usefulness to become a standard practice in noninvasive hemodynamic evaluations.

Question 6

Central venous pressure is measured by a catheter in the superior vena cava or ____.

A) right atrium
B) right ventricle
C) left atrium
D) left ventricle

Question 7

Which of the following is a possible insertion site for a pulmonary artery catheter?

A) radial artery
B) brachial artery
C) internal jugular vein
D) femoral artery

Question 8

The dicrotic notch is caused by the closure of the ____.

A) semilunar valves during systole
B) semilunar valves during diastole
C) atrioventricular valves during systole
D) atrioventricular valves during diastole

Question 9

Which of the following is the best example of a condition that could lead to high pulse pressure?

A) septic shock
B) tachycardia
C) congestive heart failure
D) arteriosclerosis

Question 10

Central venous pressure (CVP) can be monitored through a central venous catheter placed either in the ____.

A) pulmonary artery near the right ventricle or in the right ventricle
B) superior vena cava near the right atrium or in the right atrium
C) pulmonary vein near the left atrium or in the left atrium
D) aorta near the left ventricle or in the left ventricle

Question 11

The ____ represents closure of the tricuspid valve during systole on a central venous pressure waveform.

A) a wave
B) c wave
C) x downslope
D) y downslope

Question 12

An irregular pressure tracing on the pulmonary artery pressure waveform may be seen in ____ due to changes in diastolic filling time and volume.

A) pulmonary hypertension
B) congestive heart failure
C) cardiac tamponade
D) arrhythmias

Question 13

Normal systolic PAP ranges from ____ mm Hg and the diastolic PAP from ____ mm Hg.

A) 15 to 25; 6 to 12
B) 20 to 30; 10 to 14
C) 25 to 30; 14 to 18
D) 30 to 40; 15 to 20

Question 14

The ____ indicates left ventricular contraction and passive atrial filling on a PCWP waveform.

A) a wave
B) c wave
C) v wave
D) y downslope

Question 15

____ is increased in systemic hypertension or hypervolemia.

A) Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)
B) Arterial pressure
C) Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP)
D) Central venous pressure (CVP)

Question 16

The stroke volume index is calculated by dividing the ____.

A) the cardiac output by the heart rate
B) mean arterial pressure by the cardiac output
C) stroke volume by the body surface area
D) systolic pressure by the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

Question 17

Causes of increased mixed venous oxygen saturation due to impaired oxygen utilization include cyanide poisoning and ____.

A) hypothermia
B) sepsis
C) seizures
D) anemia

Question 18

Pulse contour analysis uses a(n) ____ and other data to derive the cardiac output.

A) arterial catheter
B) central venous catheter
C) pulmonary arterial pressure waveform
D) PCWP waveform

Question 19

ICG cannot provide values for ____.

A) systemic vascular resistance
B) systemic vascular resistance index
C) pulmonary vascular resistance
D) contractility

Question 20

____ is increased in left heart blood flow obstruction.

A) Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)
B) Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP)
C) Central venous pressure (CVP)
D) Arterial pressure

Question 21

Invasive hemodynamic monitoring uses a(n) _______________ to convert a pressure signal (in the catheter) to an electronic signal (on the monitor).

Question 22

_______________ is determined by the pressure gradient between the mean arterial pressure and CVP.

Question 23

The _______________ measures the blood vessel resistance to blood flow in the systemic circulation.

Question 24

_______________ is also known as arterial pressure waveform analysis.

Question 25

_______________ is a technology that can monitor and measure cardiac output based on changes in respiratory CO₂ concentration during a brief period of rebreathing.

Question 26

Describe a normal arterial pressure waveform.

Question 27

Describe how a pulmonary artery catheter is inserted.

Question 28

What are the advantages of impedance cardiography?

Question 29

What are some advantages of using CVP monitoring.

Question 30

What are some conditions that may cause a change to the PCWP waveform and how do they affect the waveform?