Deck 15: The Endocrine System

Question 1

Which hormone is produced by the placenta?

A) Epinephrine
B) Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
C) Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)
D) Oxytocin

Answer 1

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 2

Pituitary gigantism is associated with which of the following?

A) Growth (GH) deficiency
B) Growth (GH) excess
C) Hypercorticolism
D) Hypeprolactinemia

Answer 2

Growth (GH) excess

Question 3

Which of the following is the principle estrogen produced by the ovaries and measured to evaluate ovarian function?

A) Estriol
B) Estradiol
C) Epiestriol
D) Hydroxyestrone

Answer 3

Estradiol

Question 4

Cushing's syndrome is characterized by which of the following?

A) Excess secretion of pituitary ACTH
B) Adrenal insufficiency
C) ACTH independent
D) ACTH dependent

Question 5

Which of the following laboratory tests provides a valid index of glucocorticoid secretion?

A) Urinary free cortisol
B) Urinary sodium
C) Urinary epinephrine
D) Serum thyroxine

Question 6

Diabetes insipidus is characterized by:

A) Elevated blood levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
B) Loss of thirst sensation.
C) No urine production (anuria).
D) Copious production of urine (polyuria).

Question 7

Which of the following classes of compounds are derived from tyrosine and includes epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine?

A) Steroids
B) Androgens
C) Catecholamines
D) Estrogens

Question 8

Which metabolite is most often increased in carcinoid tumors?

A) 5-Hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA)
B) 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG)
C) Epinephrine
D) Homovanillic acid

Question 9

Which of the following is a metabolite of catecholamine?

A) Monoiodothyronine
B) Estradiol 17-beta
C) Homogentisic acid (HGA)
D) Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)

Question 10

The designation of "high sensitivity" for select quantitative serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) tests indicates which of the following?

A) The test exhibits very high level of analytical sensitivity.
B) The test exhibits low analytical sensitivity.
C) The analytical specificity is extremely high.
D) The linearity has a high upper limit level.

Question 11

The goal of early detection and treatment of neonatal hypothyroidism is to eliminate?

A) Carcinoid tumors
B) Possibility of developing acromegaly
C) Severe mental retardation associated with thyroid hormone deficiency in early infancy
D) Development of an enlarged heart

Question 12

Which of the following describes the hypothalamic hormones?

A) They act as inhibitor of selected enzyme reactions.
B) They act indirectly on endocrine glands.
C) They act as releasing hormones on the pituitary.
D) They are all glycoproteins.

Question 13

Unconjugated estriol (uE₃) is clinically useful for identifying which of the following?

A) Fetal anencephaly
B) A fetus with Down syndrome
C) Molar pregnancy
D) Fetal death

Question 14

Which of the following hormones is useful in identifying women with ectopic pregnancies or abnormal intrauterine pregnancies?

A) Human pituitary gonadotropin
B) Human chorionic gonadotropin
C) Human luteinizing hormone
D) Human progesterone

Question 15

Pituitary secretion of ACTH is inhibited by elevated levels of:

A) Aldosterone.
B) Cortisol.
C) Estradiol.
D) Progesterone.

Question 16

Tetraiodothyronine describes which of the following compounds?

A) T₄ (thyroxine)
B) T₃
C) MIT
D) Reverse T₃

Question 17

Which of the following is described as a smooth muscle stimulant and vasoconstrictor?

A) Aldosterone
B) Cortisol
C) Serotonin
D) Deoxycorticosterone

Question 18

Which of the following is the principle method used to measure hormone levels in blood in many clinical laboratories?

A) Gas chromatography
B) Thin layer chromatography
C) Electrophoresis
D) Immunoassays

Question 19

Once produced, the thyroid hormones are stored as thyroglobulin in which of the following?

A) Epithelial cell wall of the follicle
B) Colloid
C) Isthmus of the thyroid gland
D) Extracellular space of the thyroid gland

Question 20

In a patient with suspected primary hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease), one would expect the following laboratory serum results: total T₄ ________ FT₄ ________, and TSH ________.

A) Increased, decreased, increased
B) Increased, decreased, decreased
C) Increased, increased, decreased
D) Decreased, decreased, increased

Question 21

Free thyroxine assays measure which of the following?

A) Total thyroxine levels
B) Only the bound thyroxine level
C) Only the unbound thyroxine level
D) The sum of the bound and unbound thyroxine

Question 22

Thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies are most sensitive for detecting which thyroid disorder?

A) Hypothyroidism
B) Autoimmune thyroid disease (e.g., Hashimoto's thyroiditis)
C) Thyroid adenoma
D) Thyroid carcinoma

Question 23

3, 5, 3'-triodothyronine is characterized as which of the following?

A) The least potent thyroid hormone
B) The most potent thyroid hormone
C) Secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in response to low blood levels of TSH
D) Used to make both T₃ and T₄ hormones

Question 24

A patient with Addison's disease would present with which of the following?

A) High blood sodium, low blood potassium levels
B) Low blood sodium, high blood potassium levels
C) Normal blood sodium, low blood potassium levels
D) Low blood sodium, low blood potassium levels