Deck 19: Species Richness and Community Services

Question 1

The idea that humans have a love of life or living systems, coined by E.O. Wilson, is known as

A) Biodiversity
B) The call of the wild
C) The last of the wild
D) Biophilia
E) Biotheology

Answer 1

Biophilia

Question 2

According to economist Robert Constanza and colleagues, the biome with the greatest value per hectare is

A) Estuaries
B) Cropland
C) Tropical forest
D) Temperate forest
E) Tundra

Answer 2

Estuaries

Question 3

According to ecomonist Robert Constanza and colleagues, community services are worth about ____% of the world's gross national product.

A) 25
B) 50
C) 75
D) 100
E) 200

Answer 3

200

Question 4

____________ proposed a linear relationship between species richness and community services.

A) Paul and Ann Ehrlich
B) Brian Walker
C) Charles Elton
D) Charles Darwin
E) Shahid Naeem

Question 5

In this model, some species play a critical role in the functioning of community but other species can compensate if these are lost.

A) Linear
B) Redundancy
C) Keystone
D) Idiosyncratic

Question 6

A corn farmer in the Midwest is plagued by corn earworms which eat his crop. However, the more species of natural enemies, such as spiders and beetles, he adds to his field, the less the damage. Which theory of species richness-community function does this support?

A) Linear
B) Redundancy
C) Keystone
D) Idiosyncratic

Question 7

The keystone hypothesis supposes that community services

A) Are unrelated to species richness
B) Are related to species richness, but not in a predictable way
C) Plummet as soon as an important member of the community is removed
D) Decrease in a step-wise fashion as species richness decreases

Question 8

Tilman and colleagues showed that the more plant species in a prairie, the less nitrate in the rooting zone. The proposed mechanism was

A) The sampling effect
B) Species complementarity
C) The ecotron effect
D) The keystone effect
E) The redundancy hypothesis

Question 9

Most studies relating species richness to community function support the _________ hypothesis.

A) Linear
B) Diversity
C) Redundancy
D) Keystone
E) Idiosyncratic

Question 10

If there was a steep drop in community services as soon as species richness was decreased, this would support which species-richness community service model?

A) Linear
B) Redundancy
C) Keystone
D) Idiosyncratic

Question 11

The reason that increased species richness increases community functioning is most often because of

A) The sampling effect
B) Species complementarity
C) The keystone hypothesis
D) Species redundancy
E) The linear relationship between species richness and community function

Question 12

The sampling effect is

A) The effect that large and small plants act in a complimentary way in a community
B) The greater chance that species rich communities will contain a 'superspecies'
C) A result of the idiosyncratic hypothesis
D) Because of greater resource use by species rich communities
E) A decreased likelihood that species rich communities will perform better than species-poor communities

Question 13

Elton suggested that species-poor island communities are much more ________ to invading species than species-rich continental communities.

A) Vulnerable
B) Resistant
C) Resilient
D) Stable
E) Redundant

Question 14

Elton suggested species-rich communities would be more resistant to invasion than species-poor communities. This was known as the

A) Portfolio effect
B) Complimentary effect
C) Rivet effect
D) Statistical averaging
E) Biotic resistance hypothesis

Question 15

In a prairie, increased plant species richness usually means

A) Decreased insect herbivore richness
B) Increased insect herbivore richness
C) Increased insect predator richness
D) a and b
E) b and c

Question 16

In invasional meltdown, invasive species

A) Impact native species
B) Are more common where native species are rarer
C) Are less common where native species richness is high
D) Reduce the establishment of other invasive species
E) Facilitate invasion by other invasive species

Question 17

Which is the odd term out?

A) Christmas Island
B) Yellow Crazy Ant
C) Scale insects
D) Jaguars
E) Red land crabs

Question 18

What is not a proposed attribute of a successfully invading species?

A) Sexual reproduction
B) Lack of natural enemies
C) High dispersal ability
D) High growth rate, r
E) Association with humans

Question 19

The ecotron experiments of Shahid Naeem and colleagues failed to show a link between species richness and community function.

Question 20

Experiments show increased natural enemy species richness decreases herbivore suppression because of competition between the natural enemies.

Question 21

Resilience refers to how tolerant a community is toward a disturbance before it changes.

Question 22

Tilman's research in Minnesota prairies showed that high species richness promotes community stability.

Question 23

Large scale studies reveal increased species richness reduces the number of invading species.

Question 24

In south Florida, the length of time a plant species has been sold in local nurseries affects its likelihood of becoming invasive.

Question 25

Lakes are strongly resilient but weakly resistant to change.

Question 26

A plant with a high dispersal ability, high growth rate and absence of natural enemies would probably be a successful invader?