Deck 15: Parasitism

Question 1

When an organism feeds on another but normally does not kill it outright it is termed a _______.

A) Predator
B) Parasitoid
C) Parasite
D) Commensal
E) Mutualist

Answer 1

Parasite

Question 2

Which of the following organisms can be considered as microparasites?

A) Fungi
B) Schistosomes
C) Bacteria
D) Ticks
E) Fleas

Answer 2

Bacteria

Question 3

Some flies steal food transported by ants and can be found beside their foraging trails. Such flies are best termed

A) Parasites
B) Kleptoparasites
C) Parasitoids
D) Predators
E) Holoparasites

Answer 3

Kleptoparasites

Question 4

An organism which was smaller than its host and where one host individual supported a whole population is most likely to be a

A) Microparasite
B) Macroparasite
C) Kleptoparasite
D) Parasitoid
E) Predator

Question 5

Phorid flies lay eggs on the heads of ants and the subsequent larvae bore inside and eat the contents of the head capsule. Such flies are best known as

A) Holoparasites
B) Kleptoparasites
C) Hemiparasites
D) Parasitoids
E) Ectoparasites

Question 6

A parasite which lives on the outside of the host's body is known as a(n)

A) Macroparasite
B) Endoparasite
C) Microparasite
D) Ectoparasite
E) Holoparasite

Question 7

Which type of natural enemy is immediately fatal for its host?

A) Predator
B) Parasitoid
C) Herbivore
D) Holoparasite
E) Macroparasite

Question 8

Which of the following organisms is a hemiparasite?

A) Tapeworm
B) Schistosome
C) Mistletoe
D) Rafflesia
E) Parasitic wasp

Question 9

Plasmodium are the parasites which cause

A) Bubonic plague
B) Leishmaniasis
C) Malaria
D) Toxoplasmosis
E) Influenza

Question 10

The mafia hypothesis proposes that

A) Cuckoos and cowbirds require payment of worms from smaller passerine birds
B) Cuckoos and cowbirds lay their eggs in the nests of other birds
C) Cuckoos and cowbirds destroy all the hosts eggs if their own egg is missing
D) Cuckoos and cowbirds make other birds construct multiple nests which they then parasitize

Question 11

Smaller spider species which steal food from the webs of larger species are known as

A) Ectoparasites
B) Enslaver parasites
C) Kleptoparasites
D) Macroparasites
E) Hemiparasites

Question 12

Which of the following bird species is not a brood parasite?

A) Cowbird
B) Honeyguide
C) Cuckoo
D) Prothonotary warbler
E) Indigo bird

Question 13

Researchers have successfully removed parasites from some bird species, and examined subsequent organismal and population parameters, by the use of

A) Mosquite nets
B) DDT sprays
C) Antiparasitic drugs administered orally
D) Electric bug zappers
E) Citronella

Question 14

Sylvia Hurtrez-Bousses and colleagues removed parasitic blowfly larvae from blue tit nests by

A) Physically picking the blowfly larvae out
B) Spraying with pesticides
C) Covering the nests with bridal veil to stop adult flies from laying eggs
D) Microwaving the nests
E) Placing sticky traps next to the nests to trap the flies

Question 15

Which is not an invasive parasite that has caused massive mortality to native hosts?

A) Chestnut blight in the U.S.
B) Sudden oak death in the U.S.
C) The myxoma virus to rabbits in Europe
D) Dutch elm disease in Europe
E) Dodder to salt marsh plants in the U.S.

Question 16

In the U.S., sudden oak death was first reported in

A) Texas
B) New York
C) California
D) Florida
E) Hawaii

Question 17

What is a suggested necessary attribute for a successful biological control agent?

A) Low searching capacity
B) High rate of increase, r
C) Low dispersal
D) Long time lags
E) Large appetite

Question 18

The most common reported reason for the failure of released natural enemies in biological control was

A) Climatic mismatching
B) Competition from other insects
C) Predation
D) Parasitism
E) Lack of alternative hosts

Question 19

The reduction in the density of chestnut trees in North America was due to a(n)

A) Fungus
B) Chewing insect
C) Gall maker
D) Bacteria
E) Increased deer population

Question 20

If the transmission rate of a disease, B, is 0.02 and the average period of time over which the host remains infectious, L, is 0.1, what is the number of susceptible hosts needed to maintain a steady parasite population?

A) 10
B) 50
C) 100
D) 500
E) 1000

Question 21

Which was a common disease in ancient times when hunter gatherer populations were small?

A) Smallpox
B) Measles
C) Cholera
D) Typhoid
E) Mumps

Question 22

Which diseases remain infective for relatively short periods of time?

A) Typhoid
B) Amoebic dysentery
C) Small pox
D) Leprosy

Question 23

Gammarus amphipods not infected by acanthocephalan worms are normally attracted to light and swim toward the top of the water column.

Question 24

Mosquitoes are the definitive hosts of malaria parasites.

Question 25

Innate immunity against parasites is constituted by the body's defenses present at birth.

Question 26

Innate and acquired immunity in animals are analogous to constitutive and induced defenses in plants.

Question 27

Parasite removal studies are usually easier to perform than predator removal studies because of the small size of the parasites.

Question 28

Parasites are never intentionally released in other countries.

Question 29

Human influenza is similar to influenza found in hogs and birds.

Question 30

The frequency of malaria in humans in Africa decreases with increasing elevation.