Deck 3: Natural Selection, Speciation, and Extinction

Question 1

What is not a recognized pattern of natural selection?

A) Directional
B) Stabilizing
C) Evolutionary
D) Balancing
E) Disruptive

Answer 1

Evolutionary

Question 2

The change in color of peppered moths in polluted areas is an example of which pattern of natural selection?

A) Directional
B) Stabilizing
C) Evolutionary
D) Balancing
E) Disruptive

Answer 2

Directional

Question 3

Directional selection is exhibited by:

A) Peppered moths
B) Baby size in humans
C) Bentgrass on polluted soil
D) Clutch size in birds
E) None of the answers

Answer 3

Peppered moths

Question 4

Stabilizing selection favors:

A) Phenotypes at an extreme
B) Intermediate phenotypes
C) Genetic diversity
D) The survival of two phenotypes

Question 5

An example of stabilizing selection involves:

A) Beak size in Galapagos finches
B) Sickle cell frequency in humans
C) Color frequency in aphids
D) Clutch size in birds
E) Color frequency in peppered moths

Question 6

Many young sea turtle hatchlings are eaten by birds on their way from the nest to the ocean. As a result, the young of some species tend to hatch synchronously, on or near the same date. This is an example of

A) directional selection.
B) Stabilizing selection.
C) Balancing selection.
D) Disruptive selection.
E) Bidirectional selection.

Question 7

When green forms of the pea aphid suffer a higher rate of parasitism than red morphs, but red morphs are more likely to be attacked by predatory ladybird beetles, the result is:

A) Directional selection
B) Stabilizing selection
C) Balancing selection
D) Disruptive selection
E) Negative binomial selection

Question 8

According to the evolutionary species concept how many differences in a DNA sequence is sufficient to separate groups into species?

A) 1,000
B) 10,000
C) 50,000
D) 100,000
E) It has not yet been decided

Question 9

Which is not a possible mechanism for allopatric speciation?

A) Separation of populations by a river
B) Separation of populations by a mountain range
C) Separation of populations on different islands
D) Separation of populations on co-occurring host plants

Question 10

In an area only 20 x 5 miles on Hawaii, 26 subspecies of land snail, Achatinella mustelina, have been recognized, each in a different valley separated from the others by mountain ridges. This supports the idea of

A) Allopatric speciation.
B) Sympatric speciation.
C) Balancing selection
D) Stabilizing selection.
E) Inbreeding.

Question 11

The Earth's Atmosphere contained little to no oxygen until about:

A) 4.5 billion years ago
B) 2.5 billion years ago
C) 1 billion years ago
D) Five hundred million years ago
E) One hundred million years ago

Question 12

The Devonian is sometimes know as the "age of the _________".

A) Fishes
B) Amphibians
C) Reptiles
D) Mammals
E) Birds

Question 13

The tendency for animals to become larger over evolutionary time is known as _______rule.

A) Bergmans
B) Copes
C) Allens
D) Glocks
E) Kings

Question 14

The extensive forests of the carboniferous period gave rise to

A) greatly reduced atmospheric oxygen.
B) greatly increased atmospheric carbon dioxide.
C) greatly decreased forest fire intensity.
D) global cooling.

Question 15

During the _________ period, the continents had aggregated into one land mass called Pangea.

A) Ordovician
B) Devonian
C) Carboniferous
D) Permian
E) Mesozoic

Question 16

Which present day land mass did not make up part of Gondwanaland?

A) South America
B) Africa
C) Antarctica
D) Australia
E) Asia

Question 17

Tapirs are currently found in:

A) Europe and Asia
B) Europe and South America
C) Asia and South America
D) Africa and Asia
E) Africa and South America

Question 18

North America is considered part of which realm?

A) Neotropical
B) Nearctic
C) Palearctic
D) Ethiopian
E) Australian

Question 19

In Africa, the equivalent species to the South American giant armadillo is the

A) Pygmy hippopotamus
B) Chevrotain
C) Royale antelope
D) Pangolin
E) Potto

Question 20

The idea that, in an ever changing world, species must continually evolve and change in order not to go extinct has been called:

A) Punctuated equilibrium
B) Gradualism
C) The red queen hypothesis
D) Pseudoextinction
E) Convergent evolution

Question 21

Taxa with resistant life history stages may be able to survive temperature changes. During a period of rapid global cooling, following a meteor strike and a dust cloud, which taxa may be less resistant to extinction?

A) Seed plants.
B) Lizards.
C) Insects.
D) Birds.
E) Mammals.

Question 22

In the recent past nearly all extinctions have been caused by:

A) Hunting and introduced species
B) Habitat destruction and introduced species
C) Hunting and habitat destruction
D) Hunting, introduced species and habitat destruction

Question 23

A common, long-lived parrot, with good dispersal ability lives in the forests of Puerto Rico. It has high reproductive ability and high population variability. Which of the following species characteristics threaten it with extinction?

A) Rarity.
B) Dispersal ability.
C) Reproductive ability.
D) Population variability
E) Life span.

Question 24

In areas where malaria frequency is low, the sickle cell homozygote has lower fitness than a homozygote with two copies of the normal $\beta$ -globin allele.

Question 25

The northern and southern leopard frogs are morphologically similar yet reproductively isolated species.

Question 26

In the phylogenetic species concept, molecular features of individuals, such as DNA sequences, may be used to distinguish species.

Question 27

The biological species concept is applicable to asexually reproducing species such as bacteria.

Question 28

Some introduced species threaten native species with extinction through hybridization.

Question 29

Polyploidy is a common sympatric speciation mechanism in plants.

Question 30

Sympatric speciation has only been proposed for plants.

Question 31

Pangaea split up into a Southern continent called Laurasia and a Northern continent called Gondwanaland.

Question 32

Generally, rare species are more prone to extinction than common species.